Dangers Of The Internet Essay

Dangers of the Internet Essay
Dangers of the Internet
There are many pitfalls and perils on the Internet. Some of them are easy to avoid while other are
not so obvious. Some of the Pitfalls and perils are annoying, while others are deadly to your
computer. Still others are humorous and entertaining. There are many dangers on the Internet. This
paper will try to cover some of them.
The biggest dangers of the Internet are virus. Viruses are small programs that "infect" computers.
Most viruses are made to "steal" and or "destroy" data stored on the infected computer. Viruses, that
destroy data, write their code into a file and when that file is accessed it rewrites itself in to more
files until the virus corrupters or "infects" a file that the computer needs to run ... Show more content
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E–mailed Viruses are harder to avoid. Opening an attached file can trigger them or by touching the
message that contains the attached file and then the file menu bar of the E–mail program. (Email
Hole Exposes Computers) The seconded way to start a virus is because of a hole in Netscape's mail
program and also MS's Outlook. A new way for Viruses to be spread by E–mail is to put the whole
code for the virus in the subject line that way when the computer read the subject line it unwittingly
activated the virus. The newest way for people to get viruses is through the web pages. This is done
by putting the virus code into a script on the web page, now when the page is accessed the viruses
executes the viruses code. (Virus Thrives on HTML) This can make a virus very prolific if a lot of
people visit the web page.
Crackers use viruses for their destructive ways. Crackers are people who go out of their way to
cause damage to other peoples systems through the use of viruses and direct hacking. Crackers are
not hackers. Calling a Cracker a hacker is like comparing a red delicious apple to a golden delicious
apple. Hackers are computer enthuses that hack, break in to, systems in order to learn about the
system. Hackers as a rule do not do any damage to the system. Crackers are the ones to give hackers
bad repartitions. Crackers use virus
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Is The Virus A Virus?
What is a virus, by definition it is a "Software that is self–replicating and spreads like a biological
virus." (Easttom, 2013–2014) They're many forms of virus such as: Spyware which like its name
spies on your behavior and sends this data to a remote computer. You also have Adware which like
its name as well targets you for ads and different advertisements. You're more harmful forms of
viruses are Trojans which is a type of malware that is often disguised as legitimate software
(Kaspersky Lab, 1997–2015) Trojans basically make the user/s believe one thing have them
download something from their site which is really downloading that Trojan. What that Trojan then
does is possibly steal personal information, install a backdoor to your computer which then the
person who created this Trojan can access at any time. You also have rootkits, dialers, keyloggers,
botware and many other names of different viruses and malware. With all of these viruses and
malware being put into the world by hackers and black hats how can you protect yourself from it?
One of the first things you may want to invest in is your first line of defense a virus protector or
anti–virus software. Anti–virus software such as Mcafee or Norton come with what you call a
firewall. Think of this firewall as the Great Wall of China, it help to keep things that you don't want
in out. That same firewall also prevents things that you do not want leaving your computer as well.
Personal data such as Visa card numbers,

Computer Is A Multi Tasking, Gaming Computer
Lets start off with the basics, and how your computer functions. If your computer is a multi–tasking,
gaming computer. Then you will need a few performance enhancers. Enhancers such as programs,
hardware, and maintenance. Looking for a new computer that is for gaming? If your wanting to buy
a new computer, you will need one that will last 5 years plus. Get one with the following, 2 GB of
RAM, 512 MB NVIDIA® GeForce® 8800 GTX, and dual core processor. These are just the easy
basics that you should be looking for when buying a new computer. Program Sweep: Make sure the
only program on your computer is the operating system. The operating system, for example is
Windows 7. My computer is a 2007 model, and its getting old. It runs brand new, but the hardware
can 't handle the new type of games that are out there. I have a PC, so its easy to replace the
hardware, and this makes getting parts easier. The performance hardware on my PC are, 2 GB
RAM, dual core processor, and a NVIDIA GeForce 7300 LE. Programs that Increase Performance:
Something you will want to buy is Tuneup Utilities. This program is great because it automatically
increases your computers response rate. From start up, to shutdown. It will run a Live Optimization.
It also comes with programs that are like a upgraded maintenance kit for your computer. From disk
defragment, to gain disk space. Computer Manufacturer: DELL is a great computer manufacturer to
buy from. Their site provides you with updates, programs,

Threats And Vulnerabilities By James S. Wilkes
Threats and Vulnerabilities
James S. Wilkes
Texas A&M University Central Texas
Author Note This paper was prepared for Network and Security Systems, CISK 445, taught by Dr.
Marco A. Villarreal
THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES
In today's age, information technology is a vital essential for all walks of life. Whether it is in a
home, business, or educational setting, the usage of some type of communication device is always
being used. The evolution of information technology is an exciting event, but along with this
exhilarating technology comes the never ending challenge of trying to protect the information stored
on these devices. When it comes to information technology, there is always someone who seeks to
exploit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Malicious code is any software that obstructs the normal process of a computer or network device.
(Erbschloe 2005). When malware code starts to infect a large number of devices on a network, it is
classified as it being the zoo virus. There are thousands of known malware such as worms, viruses,
and Trojans, but many of them render little to no harm to an actual device. Malware is broken down
into different threat levels which fall into four different classification levels such as no threat, low
threat, medium threat, and high threat. Erbchole (2005) explains that when there is a no threat
classification then the code may not function well or is most likely a false alarm. The low threat
classification rating requires some type of actual human assistants when replicating from computer
to computer. Medium threat classification is given to a device when malicious code has slow
infection speed and does little to no damage. (Erbschloe 2014). And of course a computer that has a
high threat classification rating, the malware has the potential to spread and replicate and a high rate
of speed and do a tremendous amount of damage to the system.
Viruses: A virus is a computer program that initiates an action on a computer without the user's
consents. (Erbschloe 2005). Due to the internet, thousands of malicious code is created and spread
worldwide every day. Email viruses where made to replicate and bog down the email system.
According to Erbschloe

Computer Virus
STAMFORD UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH Assignment on Public Speaking
Assignment topic : Informative speech on "Computer Viruses"
Submitted to : Kanita Ridwana Lecturer Department of English Stamford University Bangladesh.
Submitted by : Mir Alim – uz – zaman ID. LLB 04206977 Department of Laws Stamford University
Bangladesh
Submission date ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some viruses are programmed specifically to damage the data on your computer by corrupting
programs, deleting files, or even erasing your entire hard drive. Many viruses do nothing more than
display a message or make sounds / verbal comments at a certain time or a programming event after
replicating themselves to be picked up by other users one way or another. Other viruses make your
computer's system behave erratically or crash frequently. Sadly many people who have problems or
frequent crashes using their computers do not realize that they have a virus and live with the
inconveniences.
Though Viruses are really a threat for all computer users, it cannot be harmful in some points.
b) What Viruses don't do: Computer viruses cannot infect write protected disks or infect written
documents. Viruses do not infect compressed files, unless the file was infected prior to the
compression. [Compressed files are programs or files with its common characters, etc. removed to
take up less space on a disk.] Viruses do not infect computer hardware, such as monitors or
computer chips; they only infect software.
In addition, Macintosh viruses do not infect DOS / Window computer software and vice versa. For
example, the Melissa virus incident of late 1998 and the ILOVEYOU virus of 2000 worked only on
Window based machines and could not

International Mixing Rising Up Out Is The Interchange Of...
INTRODUCTION
The technique of international mixing rising up out is the interchange of world points of view,
things, contemplations, and distinctive parts of the society. Interdependence of money related what 's
more social activities Advancement in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure,
especially the Internet, is principle contemplations empowers people to get more collection, better
quality. Risk profile is an astonishing captivating thought that perceives the complete set of dangers
in a given application association. The Threat Analysis and Modelling (TAM) contraption makes a
danger profile using a far reaching procedure. Accordingly, it uses the set of permissible exercises to
perceive possible dangers.
We are living ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Computer virus problem is not a small problem nowadays. It's spreading like a virus in the society
and become a major threat to the corporate network. And following are the various problems which
are facing by the corporate world:
Phishing.
Spamming activities.
Corrupt system files.
Can damage the boot sector.
Theft important and confidential information from the computer and send to some other person.
THREAT ON MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE:
Battling machine infections is a recognizable assignment for each system manager and most home
clients today. According to me as a CISO (the Chief Information Security Officer) more than 90% of
business clients experience viruses in their work. The harms created by infections are additionally
noteworthy. The term virus covers an extensive variety of machine projects that have one thing in
like manner. Once discharged, they imitate in a manner that can 't be controlled by their creator. This
can without much of a stretch, deliberately or inadvertently, prompt overall pandemics where a great
many machines may get to be tainted.
Distinguishing the Costs of VIRUSES on Multinational Business: As a CISO, firstly action is taken
to recognize the real expenses of risk on our company by emulating elements which are responsible
for the threat. Nowadays, every person is relying on network. As globalization is taken place,
internet being the spear head of global economy connecting

Anti Virus And Its Effect On The System
An Anti Virus Is Affecting the System to Prevent Them
An anti virus software are used to the personal computer or office work computer. It can be use to
prevent affecting the virus into the system. Anti virus are abbreviated is AV and its known as the
anti–malware software. Anti virus software are initially develop to detect and remove computer
virus. In this software are protected to the computer. The virus is affects the systems that namely
Trojan horse, backdoors, browser hijacker, worms, and spyware this are products also includes into
the protection from the computer threats. The anti virus is a virus are manually to generate and run
with the program of virus.
To installation of anti virus software
First click the install button. This must be placed in the lower left hand corner of the web site.
Clicking this button begins the process.
To download the some needs have required download files. To following you click the Install Now
button, the essential files will automatically download to your computer. This may take a while.
Then installation the software. When the Welcome to the Install Shield Wizard window opens, click
the "Next" button. To show from the installation wizards.
The next step is license agreement steps. It must be used to agree software. Decide to choose the
radio button that says that you agree with the license terms, and then click the Next button.
To select the snap is to install. It can be used to the selection and remove from the check box

Essay about Computer Virus and World Wide Web
ISS341 LAB6 1. Workstation and desktop devices are prone to viruses, malware, and malicious
software, especially if the user surfs the Internet and World Wide Web. Given that users connect to
the Internet and World Wide Web, what security countermeasures can organizations implement to
help mitigate the risk from viruses, malware, and malicious software? Organizations can restrict
specific sites, key words like blogs, mirror sites and such. Organizations can also make sure specific
ports are shut down; this can prevent back doors when accessing a site. There are a lot of web sites
out there that do not need accessibility, especially for a work environment. 2. Your employees e–
mail file attachments to each other and externally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What should organizations do regarding use of USB hard drives and slots on existing computers and
devices? Some devices have serial numbers associated with them, and this string is optional. This is
defaulted with thumb drives, USB hard drives and PDAs. Most scanning and tracking details would
be of most use with the USB mass storage devices. Organizations should immediately remove the
AUTO run feature! This is basic in the military, any one would be able to come in and throw a
thumb drive and automatically run whatever it is on it making it a vulnerability. 5. If you find a
suspect executable and wish to perform "dynamic analysis" what does that mean? Dynamic analysis
is the testing and evaluation of a program by executing data in real–time. The objective is to find
errors in a program while it is running, rather than by repeatedly examining the code offline 6. What
is a malware and malicious code sandbox? This can be potentially dangerous but it is looked like as
a sandbox. This is by running the virus, preferably in a machine with limited access to a network
and something that isn't much of a use and executing the virus in real time. This way you can debug
the virus and see what is it doing so you can detected and prevent it. 7. What are typical indicators
that your computer system is compromised? It is slow, everything you do takes a lot longer to
perform. You are missing data, your peripherals

What Can You Protect Your Dream?
5 Ways to Protect Your Dream Whether it 's a book, a business, an idea or a vision, it's your dream
and it 's important to protect it. Often when we think of protecting our dreams, we think of getting
our copyright, locking in our domain, getting our patents and our trademarks and while the
copyright will protect your book, and the trademark will protect your brand, how will you protect
your dream before the copyrights, patents and trademarks are established? Cyber security and data
security are scary terms that we don't think of in relationship to our businesses but the truth is that
we – small business owners, authors, designers, musicians, and dreamers – are targets for hacking,
hostile computer takeovers, malicious software attacks, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Password keepers are available for your computers and mobile devices. Anti–virus / Anti–malware
Software: Anti–virus software is an important preventative tool, but it is one that people often
overlook. Whether you have a PC or a MAC, you need an anti–virus program installed, updated, and
running on your computer. An anti–virus program will alert you about any malicious files that find
their way on your computer. A good anti–virus program will scan your computer for malicious files
and remove any malicious files it finds. Anti–virus programs can also scan websites and downloads
to prevent malicious downloads and inappropriate websites. The options for anti–virus programs
vary so it is important to read through what the programs offer. If you have not been using an anti–
virus program on your computer and are having problems, you may want to consider downloading
and running an anti–malware program like Malwarebytes to remove any malware that may be
hiding in files on your computer. Malwarebytes can locate and remove advanced threats that an
initial scan with a typical anti–virus program may miss. Malwarebytes can also be used in
conjunction with most anti–virus programs to provide full protection of your computer and your
files. **NOTE: If you are a MAC User, you still need anti–virus software. Backups: Protecting your
data is to back up your data frequently using a secure back up method. There are

Cyber-Terrorism Essay
Cyber–Terrorism Cyber–Terrorism is a reality in the modern age of rapid technological
advancement. As fast as new technology is established, people find ways to hack and corrupt it.
Many times there is malicious intent behind such actions. These acts can include everything from
computer viruses to contraband network servers to pirated IP addresses and credit account fraud. All
of the stories we hear and those annoying emails that warn of a multitude of viruses can lull us into
complacency when none of them come to fruition. In all honesty if you have a top–level virus–
scanning program such as Norton, or McAfee your machine will be safe from most of the little
viruses that you will come across. There is a propensity to copy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Such a virus could go undetected for hours, days or months as it worked its way throughout a
particular system and then strike at a pre–selected time. For the entire computer operated portions of
American society this is a threat, this extends from mass transit to police and bank records and
correctional facilities. Massive destruction both physical and theoretic could easily occur and quite
frankly September 11th could be seen as precursor to the uniform and grave situation systematic
mainframe crashes would cause. This would be a case of international espionage and would be a
drastic move from the normal programs the tech security groups deal with on a daily basis. This type
of attack could slide under existing defense and not be identified until it was too late thus rendering
the attempts to defend helpless. A comparison would be the 9/11 attacks and how they were almost
indefensible because of the suicide bomber mentality of the attackers. Similarly, the new age Cyber–
Terrorists would not want the viruses to be detected and have no desire to impress their peers as is
the case with their traditional counterparts. Since this is a new type of cyber warfare, there is no
consensus on how to deal with theses issues. In a story reported by PC Mag, the FBI has contacted
many of the individuals who they have identified as suspected hackers across America as well as a
handful of those

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives
In today's life everywhere we go, where we work, at banks, schools, etc. there's technology being
used. Pretty much we live in a society where technology has been civilised. Reason being that it
makes our lives less complicated in ways that it helps us set our own goals, manage our way of
learning, easier shopping, easier way to communicate with our friends, teachers, parents, principals
and etc. One of the top technology that is most being used today that provides us with pretty good
benefits is the computer. Computers are a very powerful and helpful technology, it has gained a lot
of importance and significance all around the world as it improves the efficiency and productivity of
work done. But yet this kind of technology can get into a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These computer viruses will also start accessing you and your computer with private information,
your data will corrupt, and humorous messages on the computers screen will start popping up.
What are the signs that your computer is being affected by a virus?
There's different types of ways your computer will give you signs that it has been affected by a
virus. But yet keep in mind that not all symptoms or signs will be that your computer has been
affected by a virus it may just be that you have to clean up or refresh your computer reason being
that it's been use for a while already or there's too many pages, apps etc. open. But be careful there's
quite a bit of suspicious signs that carry this malicious malware into your computer but you won't
recognise them. For example if your computer is becoming unstable which means that it's not held
in a secured position which can start messing up files in your computer and making it stop working
properly and this may more than likely be a sign that your computer has been affected by a
malicious malware. Also a very serious one is that it is important about knowing whether or not to
trust any kinds of messages that pop up on your computer. This is because most of them carry the
virus and they trick you by trying to give you a positive comment like "for a fast and better web use"

Malware And Its Effects On Society
Just like a biological virus, a computer virus is able to infect and ruin lives. This malicious software
constitutes more than just simple viruses but also includes other types of software including worms,
Trojan horses, and ransomware. Malware has been around since the late 1980's. Originally, people
became hackers to gain notoriety online, but today, it has become more of a business. Cyber attacks
originate from all around the world, and it is not just individual people that benefit from it. In two
decades, numerous cyber crime syndicates have been created, and states all over the world sponsor
hacker groups. Over the past twenty–five years, malware has become less about checking the
integrity of computer security and gaining notoriety in the underground cyber society, and it has
become more of a chaos creating, money making business that many people and institutions take
part in.
History of malware
To understand the business of malware, one must understand how malware has evolved in the past
twenty–five years. Malware, which includes all kinds of malicious software, was originally created
to show the weaknesses of computers. The first type of malware, created in 1986, was a virus called
"Brain.A. Brain.A was developed in Pakistan, by two brothers – Basit and Amjad. They wanted to
prove that PC is not secure platform, so they created virus that was replicating using floppy disks"
(Milošević). Even today malware is still used to check the security of machines.

Malware And Protecting Assets From Malware Essay
Malware and protecting assets from malware are extremely important matters of computer security
in the ever more dangerous realm of computing. As the Internet continually gets larger, more threats
are posed to innocent people that put them and their information at serious risk. To properly analyze
what malware is and how to protect personal computers and information from threats , it is seems fit
that this paper will begin with a very brief look into the history of malware and viruses. Then, it will
take an in–depth look into the concepts of malware and what is being implemented to prevent
unwanted access of computers and networks. On top of that, insight will be given into how cyber
attackers are capable of using a multitude of ways to affect computers and how essential it is to
utilize several security applications to prevent criminals from obtaining information. I talked to my
father, who has worked in the IT field for 24 years and is an expert when it comes to matters such as
these, in an effort to better grasp what malware is and to understand just how crippling viruses can
be to an affected person or device. His insights provided the clarity needed to effectively write about
the concepts of malware and to properly analyze the subject matter. The history of computer viruses
and malware is a topic within itself and an entire paper could be written simply on that. In an effort
to keep the history relevant to the rest of the paper, the background of where malware came

Computer Virus Research Paper
Different Types of Computer Viruses
Computer virus is a software program written with malicious intentions. There are number of
computer viruses that can impede the functioning of your computer system. Let us find out the
different types of computer viruses.
Did You Know?
In 2010, Stuxnet virus targeted Siemens Industrial Software and Equipment. There are allegations
that this virus is a part of a U.S. and Israeli intelligence operation named "Operation Olympic
Games" and it hit Iran's nuclear plant Natanz.
Computer virus is a harmful software program written intentionally to enter a computer without the
user's permission or knowledge. It has the ability to replicate itself, thus continuing to spread. Some
viruses do little but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These mini–programs make it possible to automate series of operations so that they are performed as
a single action, thereby saving the user from having to carry them out one by one. These viruses
automatically infect the file that contains macros, and also infects the templates and documents that
the file contains. It is referred to as a type of e–mail virus.
Hideout: These hide in documents that are shared via e–mail or networks.
Examples: Relax, Melissa.A, Bablas, O97M/Y2K
Protection: The best protection technique is to avoid opening e–mails from unknown senders. Also,
disabling macros can help to protect your useful data.
Directory Virus
Directory viruses (also called Cluster Virus/File System Virus) infect the directory of your computer
by changing the path that indicates the location of a file. When you execute a program file with an
extension .EXE or .COM that has been infected by a virus, you are unknowingly running the virus
program, while the original file and program is previously moved by the virus. Once infected, it
becomes impossible to locate the original files.
Hideout: It is usually located in only one location of the disk, but infects the entire program in the
directory.
Examples: Dir–2 virus
Protection: All you can do is, reinstall all the files from the backup that are infected after formatting
the disk.

Polymorphic Virus
Polymorphic

Taking a Look at Computer Viruses
1 Introduction:
1.1 Definition of computer virus
A computer virus is Program or a portion of the codes that enter into the computer to target
vandalism and characterized by their ability to copy itself to many copies and their ability to move
from place to place and from computer to computer, disappearances and contents cover.
1.2 History:
Many types of computer virus has been spreading in computers since 1960. The first a computer
virus discovered in 1970 and called The Creeper virus on Arpanet browser (anon, 2013)
1.3 Scope:
The article discusses whether a computer virus is useful or unreliable; furthermore it discusses
whether is a good computer virus or a bad computer virus of the computer. There are many damage
of computer virus however, there are two side of everything Advantages and disadvantages.
2. Disadvantages of computer virus
2.1 Computer viruses are harmful.
Some people believe that computer viruses are harmful. Firstly, because a computer virus can
damage to the files so a computer virus can lead destroy, loss of files and the difficulty of retrieving
again.
2.2 steal other sensitive data by computer virus
Viruses are generally often to steal information from computers that are infected. Most aren't
successful. Either way, Viruses set out to harm your computer and it can also be a way for a
computer virus to steal credit card numbers, passwords or account numbers and other sensitive data.
2.3 anti–virus software problems
Antivirus software has

Core Wars: The Evolution Of The Computer Virus
The Evolution of the Computer Virus
Introduction
In simple terms a virus can be defined as software, which is unwanted and executes arbitrary code
on systems. It acts as a small software program, which has the capability of exploiting other
software programs in order to piggyback[1]. The terms viruses and malwares are used
interchangeably, however, in technical terms, the viruses are a subset of malware and so are trojans,
worms and rootkits.
The name for the "Computer Virus" has actually derived from its biological counterpart because of
their proximity in properties. Similar to the functioning of biological viruses, a computer virus must
use another program to exploit some other program in order to start functioning. Hence, this ...
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'The root of virus evolution can be drawn back to 1949 when the scientist John von Neumann
introduced the concept of self–replicating programs. The design suggested by Von Neumann for the
self–producing programs is said to be the first computer virus.
The predecessors of the current form of viruses date back to the 60s.It was then that a game called
"Core Wars" was developed which had the capability of regenerating every time it was run. This
game could also the exhaust the memory of the computer of other players. Similarly, another
application named Reeper was developed by the founders of "Core wars", which could delete the
copies made as a result of running of "Core Wars". This turned out to be one of the first antivirus
applications.
During the same time, another malicious code named "Brain" was created in 1966, which made the
contents of the disks inaccessible by infecting the boot sectors of disks. The main target of this
malicious program was MS–DOS which itself was relatively new at that time. The same year,
another application named "PC–Write" was developed which served as the first Trojan.
During the development phase of viruses it was soon realized that infecting the files could increase
the damages caused to the computer systems. Hence, 1987 saw the appearance of "Suriv02", a virus
infecting COM files and leading to development of other viruses, like "Viernes 13"

A Piece Of Software As Malicious Software Or Malware?
3.2 Malwares
A piece of software whose indent is malicious is called malicious software or Malware. They spy on
users behaviours and data and compromise their privacy and security. Even software provided by
reputed vendors performs undesired actions which compromises privacy and security.[10]. They
vary in their speed, stealth and purpose, while these properties are evolving[11] rather in a very fast
phase. Adversaries are much faster, that the window between the discovery of a vulnerability and
malware exploiting that vulnerability is becoming much smaller for the defender. Malware authors
and distributes have been evolved to have much more clear targets and motives, such as collecting
private and valuable informations and backing advanced persistent threats.
In a recent attack in which started on 2015 July 28, hackers used Yahoo ad network to spread
malicious code to visitors computer. A windows computer visited the site will automatically
download the malware code which hunted down the out–of–date version of Adobe Flash. Certain
vulnerabilities in the Flash allowed the malicious code to take control of the system. The malware
would either hold the computer for a ransom until the hacker is paid or direct the machine towards
sites that paid the adversaries for the traffic.
According to Symantec Internet Security Threat Report 2015, more than 317 million piece of
malware is created in 2014 or close to 1 million new unique malware each day. The report says
overall total

Computer Virus And Its Effect On The Computer
1. Introduction
Today, the term 'computer virus' is definitely not unfamiliar to most people. In the early 1980s,
people started to gain awareness of Computer virus or Malware. However, it was only in 1987 that
computer virus became prominent; especially to those in the press and trade industry. [1]
Computer virus has evolved over the years – from the early days of Internet distributed Morris
worm to remote access Trojans(RAT). Often not, a personal computer tends to be vulnerable to a
virus attack. It was reported that an anti–virus company can receive tens and thousands of sample
harmful executables from it users, be it a Trojans or viruses. [4] The harmful executables will
infiltrate into your computer system and causes your computer ... Show more content on
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Malware – What is it
Malware is a piece of program that is created with intent of causing harm to the receiver. Malware is
also known as malicious software, malicious code and malcode. It contains the harmful intent of an
attacker; example the attacker wants to hack into the victim computer to cause a Distributed Denial–
Of–Service (DDoS). [5] DDoS attacks are classified into major and minor, with major being
difficult to create and minor being easy to create. A simple yet concise idea of how DDoS affects the
victim is denying the connection to TCP/IP in which the victim will have no access to the internet.
Additionally, Malware can be described as a term that is related to Trojans, viruses, spywares,
rootkits, malicious mobile code and other intrusive code. [6] Malware is now tied to organized crime
around the world, gone are the days of the status hackers. (I don't understand this part).
3. Types of Malware
The types of malware that will be discussed are worms, viruses, Trojans, rootkits, malicious mobile
code and adware.
a. Worms
A worm or computer worm is able to reproduce itself by executing its own set of codes independent
from any other codes or program. The main difference between a virus and worm is the worm does
not require any host to cause trouble. This means that a worm is able to cause damage to the
computer without the attaching itself to any program. [6]
The spreading method of both virus and worm is

Link Between Viruses, Trojans And Worms 6
Table of Contents
Definition of the Internet 3
The Internet's Origins 3
How the Internet Works 3
HTML 4
HTTP 4
URL 4
Viruses 5
The Trojan Horse 5
The Computer Worm 5
Differences between Viruses, Trojans and Worms 6
Bibliography 7
Definition of the Internet
The internet is the global system by which computers communicate and organizes computer
facilities, anywhere throughout the world. For this communication to be performed a standard
Internet protocol suite is used to link the devices to each other along with detected routers and
servers.
The Internet's Origins
In the early 1960s, packet switching which is a digital networking communications method that
groups all transmitted data was researched and the late 1960s, early 1970s, many packet switched
networks such as ARPANET, CYCLADES, Merit Network along with others were developed.
Multiple separate networks could have been joined together into a network of networks, merely
because the development of protocols for internetworking happened through ARPANET. The first
two nodes which were interconnected to later become the ARPANET were between Leonard
Kleinrock 's Network Measurement Center (at the UCLA 's School of Engineering and Applied
Science) and Douglas Engelbart 's NLS system (at SRI International in Menlo Park, California) on
29 October 1969. The third site on the ARPANET was the Culler–Fried Interactive Mathematics
center (at the University of California at Santa Barbara) and the fourth was the University

Computer Viruses: Past, Present and Future
Computer Viruses: Past, Present And Future
In our health–conscious society, viruses of any type are an enemy. Computer viruses are especially
pernicious. They can and do strike any unprotected computer system, with results that range from
merely annoying to the disastrous, time–consuming and expensive loss of software and data. And
with corporations increasingly using computers for enterprise–wide, business–critical computing,
the costs of virus–induced down–time are growing along with the threat from viruses themselves.
Concern is justified – but unbridled paranoia is not. Just as proper diet, exercise and preventative
health care can add years to your life, prudent and cost–effective anti–virus strategies can minimize
your exposure to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
· Unexpected writes to a drive.
The Virus Threat: Common – And Growing
How real is the threat from computer viruses? Every large corporation and organization has
experienced a virus infection – most experience them monthly.
According to data from IBM's High Integrity Computing Laboratory, corporations with 1,000 PCs
or more now experience a virus attack every two to three months – and that frequency will likely
double in a year.
The market research firm Dataquest concludes that virus infection is growing exponentially. It found
nearly two thirds (63%) of survey respondents had experienced a virus incident (affecting 25 or
fewer machines) at least once, with nine percent reporting a disaster affecting more than 25 PCs.
The 1994
Computer Crime Survey by Creative Strategies Research International and BBS
Systems of San Francisco found 76 percent of U.S. respondents had experienced infection in 1993
alone.
If you have only recently become conscious of the computer virus epidemic, you are not alone.
Virus infections became a noticeable problem to computer users only around 1990 – but it has
grown rapidly since then. According to a study by
Certus

Case Study : Signed Applets Analysis
Case Study: Signed Applets Analysis In the middle of 2005, Carlton Draught released an
advertisement, called its "Big Ad." Visitors to the website www.bigad.com.au would be presented
with a prompt from their browser about a signed Java applet that would then allow the visitor to
view a video as it was streamed to their computers. The video was constructed in an "epic" style,
meaning it looked very big, very expensive, and so very impressive. As such, after being online for
only a day, the advertisement was viewed 162,000 times, and after two weeks the video had been
viewed more than one million times, in at least 132 countries. An experiment, the subject of this
case study, was conducted to assess the effect of human propagated malware that could be delivered
from a website mirroring the Carlton Draught Big Ad site (Jakobsson & Ramzan).
User Risk In analyzing this case study, one question that is important to consider is what prompts
users to open themselves up to the malware risks that can be offered by both the "Big Ad" and
similar things. The way the researchers who ran the experiment initiated their goal of redirecting
users was to create a mirror copy of the website at the address of www.bigad.com.au by
downloading and assembling all of the files from the real website onto their own mirror site with a
similar domain name of "verybigad.com," the circulating their fake websites name with the hope of
word of mouth spreading it. The malware attack was simulated by

Questions On ' Big Ad '
QUESTIONS:
1). What prompts people to take this action? Answer: In 2005, Carlton Draught let loose on the
Internet an impressive advertisement called "Big Ad." Served up by a web site, visitors could watch
the video as it streamed to their computers, even in full–screen mode. The video was constructed in
a unique style; very big, looked very expensive and impressive and Internet patrons received the
site's advertisements impressively fast. The web site can install programs on the client 's computer
only because the Java applets used are signed; signed applets are given more access to users '
computers in the belief that people will properly authenticate a signed "applet" by checking the
certificate before running it. Many people, however, ignore the content of the "Want to trust this
applet?" dialog that is displayed by their browsers and simply click the "Trust" button. This check is
performed so users can decide whether to trust an applet and thus give it more access to their PCs.
2). What current websites have clones (name both)? Answer: There are two examples of websites
that the article gives as a clone. The fist one is bonkofamerica.com versus bankofamerica.com to
fool visitors into trusting the phishing site. The second example the case study uses is democratic–
party.us versus democrats.org, which mimics the target domains in a conceptual manner.
3). Explain how malware works and provide insights to possible malware files from your PC? What
has your

Hackers : The Threat Of Hackers
Hackers are one of the main causes of the privacy and security issue on the internet. To understand
how to lessen the threat of hackers on the internet one must first know how a person becomes a
hacker. While there may be "no consistent, widely accepted theories or theoretical frameworks in the
literature as to why hackers emerge and evolve, and therefore no clear, effective guidance on what to
do to prevent talented computer–savvy young people from becoming hackers or criminals"
(Zengchuan, Qing, and Chenchong 64). With the information that is available now, it can be
determined what groups of people are most likely to become hackers. "Computer hackers start out
not as delinquents or as social outcasts but often as talented students, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hackers fall into three general categories, black hat, grey hat, and white hat. The major difference
between these categories is not their skill, but instead their own morals. Black hat hackers are cyber
criminals that hackers that accept money to break the law. These violations could span from stealing
credit card information to selling consumer data from large businesses. Grey hat hackers are what
most hackers are classified as. These hackers are individuals that not use their hacking skills to
break the law, but instead use it with innocent intentions, like young and budding hackers. White hat
hackers are individuals who use their skills to help businesses and governments patch the holes in
their security and most times, do this as a profession. Businesses have their own protection against
hackers and other intruders to protect their information and other assets. One of these protections is
encryptions. Encryption protects information by coding all of the information, making it
inaccessible unless the correct password has been imputed. However, not all encryptions are equal
and their main vulnerability does not lie in the program, but in the password. Encryptions are
normally stronger for businesses as they need to protect their assets, and have the money to pay for
these programs. The password is normally strong but if made with information that is easily
accessible to all, such as birthdays or family members, makes the password significantly weaker. As
with

Installing A Computer : An Anti Virus
Repairing a computer may seem like a difficult task, but it is actually quite simple. Whether you
need to replace hardware, format your computer or handle an anti–virus, a lot of repairmen are more
than eager to help you out, but it naturally comes with a price – and a high one, at that. Many
technicians overcharge far too much for the work that they do, necessary parts not included. But
with some dedication and little bit of your time, you can do exactly what they do and all you 'll have
to pay for are the cheap parts. A lot of computer repair guides are available in the market and online,
most of which are very useful, most of all if you can dodge huge bills by doing it yourself. The most
common problem that people seem to face in the world of computers is formatting them. A lot of
people think this is a daunting task, but it is actually quite easy. The first step is to figure out
whether your computer 's manufacturer provided you with a compact disc that can repair and
recover files that could originally be found on your computer. The second step is to back–up all of
the files that you wish to keep. Although this could take quite a while, it is important to do so you
don 't lose any of your most treasured memories. The third step, provided you run Windows Vista, is
to go to "Start", then "All Programs", then "Maintenance", then "Backup & Restore Center". Lastly,
choose "Repair Windows using System Restore" and do as required by the steps on there, which are
easy to

The Pros and Cons of On-line Newspapers
The Benefits and Disadvantages of On–line Newspapers
For centuries, newspapers have provided the world with up–to–date, useful information. During the
World Wars, America turned to the printed press to receive reports, as the newspapers were a vital
source of information for the public; however, over the last sixty years newspapers have evolved
from more than just tangible chunks of paper that can be sold on a street corner.
Today, international newspapers can be found in mere seconds with a simple click of the mouse. In
fact, many digital media experts believe that the second phase of the online newspaper phenomenon,
called "Digital Delivery Daily," will soon be upon us. If it works, consumers may soon see many
different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is my belief that the internet will never reach its full potential due to the illegal acts of hackers and
their computer viruses. The internet is full of endless possibilities that are beneficial to every age
and race; however, the digital world will not benefit from the hackers and viruses running rampant
on the internet. As conditions on the internet are currently, newspaper companies will in all
probability end up spending more time, money, and effort than is necessary. On November 7, 1996,
or Election Night, at least one hacker attempted to shut down the New York Times on the Web.
Although the Times was able to prevent this attack, accessibility was slowed for the remainder of
the night. While it is obvious that digital news media is often majorly affected by the acts of
hackers, the extent of this problem also reaches far beyond the techno–news world. For example, the
World Wide Web site of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was damaged by a group of hackers
on September 19, 1996. When CIA officials checked the page Thursday night, all that could be
found was graffiti (Harper 1998).
"Worms" are also another factor that may someday cause the digital media world to collapse. A
worm, unlike a virus, is actually able to circulate without the assistance of a carrier program. And to
make matters worse, the

Is Cloud Security Isn 't Enough?
4. Cloud Security Isn't Enough
Computers are susceptible to many different attack forms when not properly monitored and
protected. Hackers use many different methods to infect your system. Trojans, a type of virus, is one
of the most common ways that hackers use to gain access to your system. Trojan viruses are named
after the Trojan horse in the Latin epic poem The Aeneid. In this story the Greeks built a giant
wooden horse as an apology to the people of troy. Little did the people of Troy know, a large number
of soldiers were hiding inside. When the people of troy took the horse inside their castle, the soldiers
obliterated the city. This same method is used with viruses. A user downloads a program or piece of
software that they need, but harmful code is hidden inside the program. Let's say I downloaded a
game from the internet that had a Trojan horse inside of it. The game may actually run and function
fully, however, it could be secretly logging my keystrokes or back–dooring my computer. The term
backdoor is a process of bypassing authentication into a system, creating a remote connection, and
allowing remote access or control from the hacker, all while remaining undetected. When a hacker
has your computer back–doored it is possible for them to do anything they want as if they were right
there in front of your computer. Hackers, when they successfully have gained access to your
computer, often install keyloggers. A keylogger is the process of logging or recording what

Computer Virus and Prentice Hall Essay
AssignStudent# 11469947 Name: Neel Nand Subject:ITC595 Assessment#: 1
Student# 11469947 Name: Neel Nand Subject:ITC595 Assessment#: 1 ment 1 ITC595 Information
Security
Question 1.
Reports of computer security failures appear frequently in the daily new. Cite a reported failure that
exemplified one (or more) of the principles listed in the chapter: easiest penetration, adequate
protection, effectiveness, weakest link.
There has been a lot of reports of security breaches in the news, for example the Sony Playstation
Network, RSA Lockheed Martin compromise, Hyundai and so on, these have been of recent and
these all show how vulnerable we are to security threats out there on the world wide web which has
very little to do with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
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| e | s | | | | | | e | r | o | f | f | e | r | Posiible Combinations | | | | | | a | r | s | | e | | | | s | e | s | | | | | | e | r | a | d
| d | e | r | | | | | | | o | r | n | | e | | | | n | e | n | | | | | | e | r | o | f | f | e | r | | | | | | | a | r | n | | e | | | | n | e | n | | | |
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Personal Narrative-Tiffany And The Computer Virus
Tiffany and the Computer Virus I have been raised as an only child by my mom, with no father in
the picture. I know nothing about my father except he moved on to bigger and better things when I
was born. I do not care I have my own life. I know my mom did not want him to go, I think she still
loves him too. I have always been really close to my mom. I was born sixteen years ago and we
have moved eleven times, with seven different schools. This never bothers me, because I get to do it
with my mom.
I have always been very outspoken, because most of the time my mom knows what I am thinking
before I say anything. I in return know how she is feeling, if I need to keep my distance or if I joke
around with her or not. Today my mom has been acting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The top of the scroll reads INSTRUCTIONS: 1) Read instructions. 2) Collect an orange balloon. 3)
Make three pink baskets. 4) Draw a purple sun on the whiteboard. 5) Pop the orange balloon with
the blue scissors. 6) Paint a the exit door yellow. 7) Find the book green eggs and ham. I look
around the ware house to find an orange balloon. It looks pretty dull except for a rainbow of objects
to pick from for at every station. I spot an orange balloon near the top of a rock climbing wall. I
dash over the rock wall, it has a lot of hand and foot holds. It is pretty easy to climb, the obgects on
teh ground are getting smaller and smaller. Finally I reach the top and grab the orange balloon. As I
climb down I glance at the clock above the door that reads exit, it reads nineteen minutes and
counting down. As I begin to move, faster now, to a sign that says baskets, I realize there are no
basketball hoops that I will throw pink basketballs into it to make a basket. Instead I have to weave
three pink baskets. I find a circular loom machine, with a note attached to it, select basket color and
push start. What was I worried for? A machine will do the work for me. After I select the color pink
and press start, I find the catch, the loom weaves the baskets at a slower than snails speed. I glance
at the time fifteen minutes and still counting down. I have to move on to the next challenge

Computer Viruses : A Big Problem For The Average Computer...
Abstract Computers Viruses are a very big problem for the average computer user. Viruses are very
common but people still don't know what they truly are and how to get rid of them. They cause
damage and loss. When someone actually notices that their computer might have a virus its usually
too late. What are viruses and how do I get rid of them.
Keywords: Computer Virus, damage, common, loss
A computer virus is a piece of malicious code that can copy itself. Computer viruses have the sole
intention of stealing data or corrupting a system. A virus works by inserting or attaching itself to a
valid program or document that supports macros in order to implement its code. In the process a
virus has the potential to cause unexpected or damaging effects, such as harming the system
software by corrupting or destroying data. Once a virus has successfully attached to a program, file,
or document, the virus will lie inactive until circumstances cause the computer or device to execute
its code. In order for a virus to infect your computer, you have to run the infected program, which in
turn causes the virus code to be executed. This means that a virus can remain be on your computer,
without showing major signs or symptoms.
One type of virus is the Resident Virus. This virus is permanent and stores itself in the RAM
memory. It activates whenever the operating system starts. It can be one of the worst types of
viruses because it can even attach to an anti–virus application thus

Process Essay
Process Essay – How to Recognize and Eliminate Macro Viruses
Imagine starting up your computer only to see the image on the screen melt while eerie music plays.
The hard drive crunches away. What is it doing in there? Before you turn off the machine, most of
your files have been deleted. Your computer is the victim of a computer virus. But where did the
virus come from? It may have been that game you borrowed or, more likely, it came from an
electronic document.
Most viruses infect programs, but newer viruses can infect documents as well. This is the case with
macro viruses that infect Microsoft Word files. In fact, the number of these viruses has increased
from 40 in 1996 to over 1,300 in 1998. Anyone who reads Word files ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The best way to detect viruses is to have the computer do it for you with a program called a virus
scanner. A scanner looks through all of your files to find known viruses. Scanners are effective at
finding viruses, but you must always use the most current version to catch recently discovered
viruses. Two of the most popular virus scanners are VirusScan, made by McAfee, and Norton Anti–
Virus, made by Symantec.
One common macro virus, the Concept virus, is easy to identify. It causes Word to save all of your
documents as templates. If you notice that you are asked to save all documents in the templates
folder, you may have the Concept virus.
How can I get rid of a macro virus?
Scanners can both detect and remove viruses. A scanner will ask you if you want to remove any
viruses found. Before you remove a virus, be sure to write down its name – you may need it later.
Once a virus is removed, you may find that your documents are protected by passwords. If Word
asks you to type in a password for a file (and you have never had to do this before), you will have to
find the exact password the virus used.
With the name of the virus in hand, use your web browser to go to the Virus Info Library at
http://www.mcafee.com/support/techdocs/vinfo. Click on "Virus by Name" to find a description of
the virus. The password you need will be listed there.

How can I prevent MVs?
Scan all documents before you open them. For

Discussion question Essays
Identify and Mitigate Malware and Malicious Software on a Windows Server
Kaplan University
Professor Mathew North, Ph.D.
IT542 – 01: Ethical Hacking and Network Defense
Unit 4 Lab
July 09, 2013
Introduction
The lab consist of using the AVG scan in the virtual machine to detect the different threats that were
found which were moved to the virus vault. The window defender was used to verify the different
infections and spyware that were found in the virtual machine. Malware and spyware are growing
trends in the world of technology. It is good to know the steps to take just in case your system is
infected with these nasty malicious malware and spyware.
This is a screenshot of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Your employees e–mail file attachments to each other and externally through the organization's
firewall and Internet connection. What security countermeasures can you implement to help mitigate
the risk of rogue e–mail attachments and URL Web links?
Many business owners must examine what is at risk when they communicate sensitive data over
email. The first thing is to make sure that a good virus protection software is install and updated on
everyone computer place. Second it is good that all key departments within the organization, such as
legal IT and H, understand the policies; require them to sign off on the email filtering, retention,
retrieval and analysis policies (Small Business Computing Staff, 2011).
3. Why is it recommended to do an antivirus signature file update before performing an antivirus
scan on your computer?
Signature files contain the latest list and behavior of known viruses that why it's important to update
the antivirus signature file before performing a scan on your computer. Anti–virus programs release
signature files updates regularly sometimes daily sometimes more often because new viruses are
being identified on a daily basis (Loza, 1999).
4. Once a malicious file is found on your computer, what are the default settings for USB/removable
device scanning? What should organizations do regarding use of USB hard drives and slots on
existing computers and devices?

Cybercrime Is Defined As A Tool Or A Weapon?
Cybercrime is defined as the use of the Internet using the computer either as a tool or a targeted
victim to commit crimes. Cybercrime is difficult to determine and does not have a clear
classification system and uses two dimensions. The computer as a tool and the target consist of the
first dimension. The second dimension consists of the crime itself: person, property, and
victimless/vice (ebook crime) In the first dimension cybercrime is divided into two categories. The
first, being the use of the computer as a tool, making the target of the cybercrime an individual.
Individuals who commit such crimes do not require vast experience in technical expertise.
Cybercriminals tend to attack on a psychological level and do so in a very intelligent manner. Police
officers often do not have enough evidence to prosecute criminals of cybercrimes. Criminals of
cybercrimes are also very difficult to trace and apprehend, often being in remote international areas,
and have been operating for a long time, honing their skills. The second category is the use of a
computer as a target. Groups of people tend to commit these types of crimes collaborating together,
requiring a high level of technical knowledge and skills. These cybercrimes usually involve more
severe cyber–attacks, for example the power grid failure, in the Northeast United States.
Cybercriminals with this type of knowledge can with a group effort, create more sophisticated forms
of attacks (ebook crime) The second dimension

The Pros And Cons Of Malware
What Is Malware? You sure have heard before terms such as virus, worm, Trojan or rootkit when
people discuss internet security. These names describe types of programs used by internet criminals
or hackers to hack and take over computers and mobile devices. All of these different terms can be
simply called malware. We can simply say that malware is a software, a computer program used by
hackers to perform malicious actions. In fact, the word malware is a combination of two words
malicious and software. The end goal of most hackers is to install a malware on your device. And
once it's installed, these hackers can potentially take control of that device. Many people have this
wrong idea of malware is being a problem only for Windows computers. And the reality is,
Windows is widely used, which makes it a big target, malware can attack any computing device,
including smartphones and tablets. In fact, the percentage of malicious software action against
mobile devices is steadily growing. (Zeltser, L. 2014) Malware in these days is no longer created by
just curious hobbyists or amateur hackers, but by experienced internet criminals to help them
achieve certain goals. These goals can include stealing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Internet attackers are constantly changing, developing new and more intelligent attacks that can
bypass anti–malware programs. In turn, anti–virus vendors are then continuously updating their
products and programs with new capabilities to detect new malware. To be clear, it has become an
arms race, with both sides attempting to outsmart the other. Unfortunately, internet criminals almost
always have the upper hand. As such, remember that while anti–malware can detect and block many
malware, attackers are always creating new versions that will be missed. As a result, you cannot
depend on just anti–malware to protect you. You have to take additional steps to protect

The Security Behind Mac Osx Essay
The Security Behind Mac OSX:
Why Apple, Inc Doesn't Worry About Viruses
Matthew Long
As many have heard, Macintosh Computers, and more in general Apple Inc., is beginning to really
take flight in consumer households. The overwhelming numbers of available viruses to Windows
computers, phones, and Android devices surpasses the millions. In fact, in April of 2012, Symantec
released a report noting its latest Virus definitions file that contained 17,702,868 separate signatures
(Bott). This number seems quite ridiculous regarding the amount of viruses available. However, the
same report given by Symantec 8 days earlier only reported 17,595,922 virus definitions, meaning
that 106,946 definitions were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Usually if a virus infects a computer, the best thing to do is to save all data externally, wipe out and
re–install the operating system, download an antivirus along with all other security updates, then
move the data back and pray that it catches any piggy backed viruses. This is the reason companies
such as Symantec and McAffee are able to make millions of dollars every year offering security
software. Subsequently not only do users have to pay yearly for anti–virus software, but often times
have to pay upwards of hundreds of dollars to have their computer wiped clean of any viral
software. Perhaps Apple Inc has a better solution to offer.
Mac computers aren't plagued by the millions of viruses that affect PCs. This translates into much
less downtime for consumers and businesses, and a lot less costs in the long run. There are three
major functions of the Macintosh operating system that have been well thought out and put in to
place to keep threats out. These three features include sandboxing, ASLR or address space layout
randomization, and FileVault.
Sandboxing refers to the restrictions that UNIX (the multilayered platform that MAC OSX is built
on) has on actions that programs can

The Open Problem Of The Computer Virus Problem
Abstract– there has been a lot of technological improvement on dealing with known viruses and it
has also helped in extending the issue of dealing with unknown viruses. But, however there are still
problems related to dealing with viruses for which if we research and find solutions now will help us
deal with unknown viruses in the future. In this research paper we are briefly going to discuss the
open problems in computer virology and review some of the techniques used to solve these
problems. Also, we will try to extend the already present solutions by researching on how we can
improvise certain aspects of these solutions to generate more efficient virus recognition and
detection techniques. The aim of this research paper is to encourage people to work on the computer
virus problem.
Keywords–Computer, Virus, Virus Recognition, Anti–virus,Heuristic Analysis, Epidemology.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the words of Frederick B. Cohen, computer virus as a" program that can infect other programs by
modifying them to include a possibly evolved copy of it ' ' [1]. Computer virus spreads from one
computer to another by copying itself to an existing executable code. With the infection property, a
virus can spread in a computer system or network using the authorizations of everybody, thereby
affecting the user 's program. Every program that gets affected may also act as a virus.
This belief tells why there are just very less research teams in universities and research organizations
that

Essay on Identifying Potential Risk, Response, and Recovery
With identifying potential malicious attacks, threats, and vulnerabilities, measures need to be taken
to deal with the malicious activities. A strategy is needed to deal with each of the risk of the
malicious attacks and threats in the previous memo. Also controls will need to be setup to help
mitigate those risks of the attacks. A strategy and controls need to also be setup to mitigate each of
the vulnerabilities from the previous memo to help protect the computers and network for the
business. There are different strategies that can be used for dealing with the risk of a malicious
attacks and threats. The strategy used will depend on the type of attack and threat, the strategies are
risk mitigation, risk assignment, risk acceptance, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Administrative controls are to ensure people understand and follow the policies and procedures.
Preventative controls try to stop threats from trying to use a vulnerability to gain access to the
network or computers. Detective controls identity a threat that has hit the network and computers
and corrective controls reduces the effects of a threat on the system. The most common malicious
attack and threat are from viruses and other malware. There are different types of viruses to protect a
network and computers from and viruses can get into the network in different ways, mostly by email
and websites on the internet. The best strategy for dealing with the risk for viruses and other
malware would be risk mitigation. Viruses and other malware cannot be avoided or transferred to
another business since our computers and network is here in the business for people to utilize.
Viruses are also not an acceptable risk, the damages from viruses will outweigh the money spent to
protect the network and computers. For these reasons, the strategies of risk assignment, risk
acceptance, and risk avoidance are not appropriate to use to mitigate the risk. Antivirus software can
be purchased and placed on the computers to help prevent viruses' infections would be cheaper than
money spent on the time techs to remove viruses from all systems and replace any hardware that
may be damaged by the virus. The controls needed to mitigate the risk of virus and

Stuxnet Worm
STUXNET Worm Webster University SECR–5080 Information Systems Security Author Note
Certificate of Authorship: This paper was prepared by me for this specific course and is not a result
of plagiarism or self–plagiarism. I have cited all sources from which I used data, ideas, or words
either quoted or paraphrased. Abstract Discovered in June of 2010, a computer worm called Stuxnet
was designed to attack programmable–logic controllers or PLCs that are used to control switches
and values in industries that operate a specific type of on Siemens PLC device using Step7 software
running on a Windows operating system. The worm was successful because it was able to exploit a
of four zero–day flaw of Windows operating system. Stuxnet ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 2: Flash Drive Then the virus hid itself and become dormant once it enters the host system
using digital signatures, from trusted computer companies that are encrypted data bits that notify
computers that the software is legitimate, allowing for free travel of the virus from computer system
to computer system. Most viruses use hacked or forged digital signatures to gain access to
computers. The digital signatures used in Stuxnet was unique in that it used real signatures obtained
from Realtek, a trusted name in the semiconductor business, the new virus had unlimited access to
any computer system it entered. Figure 3: Realtek Semiconductor Corp Logo (RealTek, n.d.). Figure
4: Realtek Certificate (Symantec, 2010). How Stuxnet Works Using Windows operating system the
Stuxnet worm attacks computer systems by using four separate zero–day attacks via Windows.
Stuxnet uses vulnerability in the way Windows handles shortcut files to spread to new systems. The
worm was designed from the bottom up to attack Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems, or those used to manage complex industrial networks, such as systems at power
plants and chemical manufacturing facilities (Broad, W., Markoff, J., & Sanger, D., 2011).
Stuxnet is spread initially via removable flash drive to use exploits such as peer–to–peer RPC to
infect and update other

Computer Virus : A Virtual Program
Computer Virus
Definition
A computer virus is a kind of program which is inserted several strings of computer codes that can
destroy the function or date of computers. It can affect not only the computer which has been
infected, but also a group of computers which are related to the infected one.
Feature
Though a computer virus is a virtual program or a section of executable code, it still seems like a
biological virus, which have ability of self–propagation, mutual infection, and regeneration.
Computer viruses can replicate themselves by a unique way. They can spread quickly but are often
difficult to eradicate. They can attach themselves to various types of files. When files are copied or
transferred from one user to another, they will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once users update antivirus software or only the database in it, the viruses will be identified
immediately.
Many times, virus writers will slightly rewrite their viruses again by use of assembly instructions
plus junk code or add a shell or more to easily protect their viruses escaping from detection of the
antivirus software.
Norton Antivirus, McAfee, PC–cillin from the United States, Kaspersky Anti–Virus from Russia,
NOD32 from Slovakia, and other famous antivirus products which have a good reputation in the
international community, are still limited by their abilites of detection and capabilities of shell
check. The current total number of virus database are also only several hundred thousand or so,
whereas there are over one hundred and thirty million new viruses discovered just last year.
Self–renewal is another new feature of recent viruses. Virus can vary and be updated with help of a
network. The latest version of the virus could avoid being killed and continue to run on the infected
computers. The writer of Panda Virus created a "virus update server" which could update his virus
eight times in a day, even faster than the frequency of some antivirus software updating their virus
database. It would be no surprise that antivirus software cannot identify the virus.
Apart from the two points above, many viruses also acquire new feature of against their enemies
including antivirus software and

Malware Assignment
Malware Assignment In these days, cyber–attacks have become a huge problem for online
communities. Malware, such as viruses, Trojans, worms, spware, ad–ware, and many other forms
are becoming an increasingly popular methods to infect computer machines. Malware, also known
as malicious software, is used by hackers, and criminals around the world to disrupt computer
activities, and gain access to private, or important information in computer systems, and to gather
that information illegally. There are countless forms of malicious software, and they can be located
everywhere, such as on widely known websites, advertisements being displayed, and more.
Computer Viruses The first type of malware, and probably the most popular, is the computer virus.
Computer viruses are man–made malicious software programs, that are designed to duplicate
numerous times into other computer programs, or data files. They enter the computer, without the
user knowing. When the replication is completed, the areas that were affected with the viruses are
known to be infected. Viruses quickly take up available memory, and can even be capable of
transmitting themselves through networks, and bypass anti–virus programs. Most of the time,
computer viruses are spread by attachments in email messages, or other methods of messaging,
which is why it is essential for users to not open emails from anonymous senders. There are multiple
harmful things viruses are able to perform on computers that are

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