Operation Searchlight And The Bangladesh Genocide

Operation Searchlight And The Bangladesh Genocide
After the assault on the university, the military continued on to the countryside. Those who
disagreed with the western Pakistani ideas concerning language, religion, and direction of the
country would experience varying degrees of violence at the hands of the military junta. Upon entry,
the junta would pillage and plunder the village houses and force the people out of their homes.
Moreover, as a form of psychological terror, the military forced the people to line up in front of one
another, proceeding to shoot down line after line in front of the remaining crowd. This technique
was also used during the assault on the student dormitories. The mass murders had reached a point
in which R.J. Rummel, author of Death by Government, goes as far to ... Show more content on
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At the beginning of the genocide following the start of Operation Searchlight and the attack on
Dhaka University there was mass confusion and hysteria among the people. All over, Eastern
Pakistan people were wandering aimlessly and in April around thirty million had started to flee in
order to escape the grasp of the military. Ten million refugees went into India and overwhelmed the
country's resources, which eventually became a catalyst for Indian military intervention. It is worthy
to note that a large number of these refugees were Hindu. Additionally, the influx of the Bengali
people in India was estimated to be 10 million refugees and it is estimated that 1.5 million stayed in
India after Bangladesh gained its independence (GenocideBangladesh). This increase in refugees
resulted in a mix of cultures as well. Consequently, this was a negative impact on East Pakistan, and
subsequently Bangladesh, for the long term because their intellectuals had fled, depriving them of
ideas, new thoughts, and innovation, and proper leadership that could have led them to a higher
position in the world today due to the absence of these important people in that time
(GenocideBangladesh). Due to the systematic raping of women throughout the country, a large
number of females were forced to bear children that they did not want. This was mentally scarring
and physically draining to these women and their families. Not to forget that, in the Middle East, it
is socially taboo for a women to have sex out of wedlock, leading to her being ignored and shunned
in public and by her own kin. Also due to the unwanted pregnancies, those affected would
sometimes resort to extreme solutions such as suicide by rat poison and other means, such as
infanticide, as well as abortion (Ahmed). Susan Brownmiller, author of Against Our Will: Men,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Indian Army
INDIAN ARMY (IA, Bhāratīya Thalasēnā)
Introduction :
The Indian Army (IA, Bhāratīya Thalasēnā) is the land based branch and the largest component of
the Indian Armed Forces. The Indian Army came into being when India gained independence in
1947, and inherited most of the infrastructure of the British Indian Army that were located in post–
partition India. Since independence, the army has been involved in four wars with neighbouring
Pakistan and one with the People's Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the
army include Operation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot and Operation Cactus. Apart from conflicts, the
army has also been an active ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Uniforms:
The Indian Army camouflage consists of shirts, trousers and cap of a synthetic material. Shirts are
buttoned up with two chest pockets with buttoned up flaps. Trousers have two pockets, two thigh
box pockets and a back pocket. The Indian Army Jungle camouflage dress features a jungle
camouflage pattern and is designed for use in woodland environments. The Indian Army Desert
camouflage, which features a desert camouflage pattern, is used by artillery and infantry posted in
dusty, semi–desert and desert areas of Rajasthan and its vicinity.
The forces of the East India Company in India were forced by casualties to dye their white summer
tunics to neutral tones, initially a tan called khaki (from the Hindi–Urdu word for "dusty"). This was
a temporary measure which became standard in Indian service in the 1880s. Only during the Second
Boer War in 1902, did the entire British Army standardise on dun for Service Dress. Indian Army
uniform standardises on dun for khaki.
The modern Indian Army wears distinctive parade uniforms characterised by variegated turbans and
waist–sashes in regimental colours. The Gurkha and Garwhal Rifles and the Assam, Kumaon and
the Naga Regiments wear broad brimmed hats of traditional style. Traditionally, all Rifle regiments
and the Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry (Jammu and Kashmir Rifles, Garhwal Rifles, Gurkha
Rifles, and Rajputana Rifles)

Independence Day of Bangladesh
On 26 March, 1971 the independence of Bangladesh was declared and the Liberation War began.
The people of then–East Pakistan took part in this war to liberate Bangladesh from the oppression of
military leaders of Pakistan. Independence for Bangladesh was gained through a nine–month civil
war against the Pakistani Army, which resulted in the loss of about 3 million lives.[2] The Mukti
Bahini (Bengali "freedom fighters"), with military support from India, defeated the Pakistani Army
on 16 December in the same year, which is celebrated as Victory Day.
Bangladesh and Pakistan
The creation of Pakistan contained the germs of discord between "West Pakistanis" and Bangalis.
Initially, the population of East Bengal supported the creation of ... Show more content on
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The demand for an independent state for Indian Muslims became a living force among the Muslim
masses because of its appeal to Indian Muslims that they would have separate development free
from what was described as Hindu domination and exploitation, with an opportunity for economic
prosperity.
On March 23, 1940, the Muslim League adopted the Lahore Resolution, moved by Fazlul Huq of
Bengal, which called for political independence by creating two states for Muslims. It stated:
"the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority as in the North–Western and Eastern
Zones of India should be grouped to constitute 'Indian States' in which the constituent units shall be
autonomous and sovereign."
The Lahore Resolution, which later came to be widely discussed and debated, was effectively by–
passed by the Delhi Resolution. Moved by H.S.Suhrawardy of Bengal and adopted in the Muslim
League Legislators' Convention on April 9, 1946, it stated:
"any formula devised by the British Government for transferring power from the British to the
people of India...will not contribute to the solution of the Indian problem [unless]...the Zones
comprising Bengal and Assam in the North–East, and the Punjab,

Agricultural News in BTV Versus ATN in Bangladesh: A...
Title of the project:
"Agricultural News in BTV & ATN Bangla: A Comparative Study"
INTRODUCTION
Bangladesh is country of 160 million people (bbs.gov.bd). It is a developing country got its freedom
in 1971 from the anarchism of Pakistan. After passing 41 years of independence as ensuring the
other sector's development, Bangladesh now established itself as a country of free flow of
information and a country of pluralistic media. For that reason Bangladesh now have 557 daily
newspapers, almost 25 television channels, 7 radios and 14 community radios to ensure the right to
information of the people. Among television channels we have 4, 24hour news based television
channels (moi.gov.bd). Once upon a time Bangladesh needs to ... Show more content on
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Prime time or primetime is the block of broadcast programming during the middle of the evening for
television programming. The term prime time is often defined in terms of a fixed time period–for
example, from 19:00 to 22:00 (Central and Mountain Time) or 20:00 to 23:00(Eastern and Pacific
Time) (7 p.m. to 10 p.m. or 8 p.m. to 11 p.m.). As a jocular reference, the phrase "not ready for
prime time" has come to mean" not quite perfected". (wikipeida.org)
News professionals agree on the; east seven main factors that help them determine if an event has
consequence, if it is news.
a. Impact: How many people does the event affect? How seriously does it affect them? – Here, the
news writer or the reporter has to think about the importance of the news to the audiences. They will
have to think about the acceptance of audio, what they want to know and to be informed. Like–
When there is a devastating Rain fall in our country; the mass people wouldn't be interested to know
what is happening or what day is being stop in the country.
b. Proximity: An event will be more important if it is closer to the readers. A conflagration in a
particular area is not as interesting as one that is close to the home. For more instance, the mass
audience of our country would be eager to know about the recent facts and happening about Hartal
(Strike) issue of our

The Importance Of Religion And Politics In Bangladesh
Religion and politics are interdependent from the beginning. Political and religious power are
interconnected. In 1905, the separation between state and religious institutions occurred. But, that
doesn't mean that religion has lost its important in terms of politics. Still, religion plays and
important part in the political system. Religion influence the politics from the core. Religion is a
mandatory part of politics which cannot be replaced (Fox, 2013).
Religion has not only influence over our political aspects but also in our social aspects too. More
accurately, religion has more influence over our social life than political. Religion is an element of
social control. As Karl Marx has said, "religion is the opium of mass people" (Eggers, 2015).
Through socialization process a human being entangled in the chain of Social control. It is a process
which enlighten a person about the rules, regulations and procedures of the society. It tells an
individual his or, her place and marks their limitations. Religion just make those implementations
more strong so that no one can break the traditional norms and values of the society. Thus religion
preserve the traditions as they were and control the society (Liska, 1992).
Bangladesh is a country where religion based parties play quite a dominant role. There are nearly 40
parties registered with the Election Commission and among them 12 are Islamic parties. Those
parties are legally accepted to participate into the political domain of

A Golden Age
Student Name Professor Name Subject Date A Golden Age Less than 30 years after the war of
Independence, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (now Pakistan) had grown so
further apart, even from the obvious geographical disconnect, that the liberation war of 1971 could
be termed as inevitable. For some it was the war of liberation but for many who lost their friends,
neighbors and other loved ones, it was a time of selfish loss. Bengal's growing need for an identity,
equal and ethnic acceptance and a pride in their mother language eventually led to many conflicts
both emotional and political. Having been recently independent from British India, the Two Nation
Theory was engraved in everyone's minds. But the geographical division of East and West Pakistan
was much more than distance; it was felt as a conspiracy for West Pakistan to govern the entire
country (Bose, 1).The war was considered an unnecessary act by some as autonomy was the desired
result and not a new country. However as the story of the lives of civilians unfold the distrust and
unfairness of the situation in the country is seen to be evident. Perhaps it was this feeling of unequal
representation and a desire for provincial autonomy that led to an ever present sense of
estrangement. That time was considered the golden age of Bengal and the characters are faced with
that piece of history that eventually helped change the map of the world. In addition to the linguistic,
racial, temperamental,

The Release Of India From The British Grip Of Power Seemed
The release of India from the British grip of power seemed to be a historic victory, but it soon posed
problems for the inhabitants the subcontinent. Ever since the formation of Pakistan and India, the
East Pakistani population saw a cultural divide between themselves and their Western counterpart.
Although there were numerous other factors that had contributed to this difference, language was the
one critical catalyst for Bengali self–determination. The formation of Bangladeshi nationalism
began with the Bengali Language movement, which was of key significance because it unified the
Bengali people under the banner of nationalism. Historical events leading up to the Bangladesh
Liberation War, such as the Indo–Pakistan War and Operation ... Show more content on
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With the goal of avoiding religious bloodbath, what seemed to be a simple, quick–fix solution for
state separation posed a series of problems for Pakistan. The problem lay in the fact that there were
two completely different nations that were forced to coalesce into one state. This dilemma can be
seen with the fundamental differences between West and East Pakistan. Although East Pakistan
contained a little over half (54.8%) of the total Pakistani population, it only took up about an eighth
(15.1%) of the total land area. However, the disparities between the East and West do not end with
land distribution. In both foreign aid and per capita income, West Pakistan dominated their Eastern
counterpart. This economic disparity persisted during the ten years of Pakistani independence, and
the per capita income actually worsened over a ten–year period (between 1950–1960). The offices
of the central Pakistani government were all located in the west, and recruitment for civil, military,
and administrative positions were predominantly given to West Pakistanis. However, the key
difference between West and East Pakistan lay in culture. Each respective region contained two
spheres of peoples that were vastly different in regards to attitudes and ambitions. The West was a
land of mountains and deserts, and its people mimicked the solidity and stability of its geographic
features. The West Pakistanis were described to be energetic, and had fierce respect for government,

Changing of a Country System: Bangladesh
Every country has different ruling parties at different times. After the liberation war of Bangladesh,
it has been ruled by two main different parties again and again. One party is the Bangladesh
Nationalist Party is headed by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and another party is Bangladesh
Awami league directed by current Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. The two leaders, both of them
followed the democracy, freedom of speech, and religious freedom. However, the three obvious
differences after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came to power in Bangladesh are computerized
administration, examination system, and the empowerment of women. The first difference is
computerized administration after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came to power in Bangladesh.
Before 1990, there were no computers in different sectors in Bangladesh. There were no computers
in the schools, banks, and offices. In schools there were no computer labs, where the students can
learn the computer. Moreover, there were no computerized answer sheets in schools to check the
answers of the multiple choice questions. In that case, the teachers had to spend a long time to check
the answer sheets. Beside this, in some private banks and private offices had some computers to run
their activities both in government banks and offices did not have any computers to do their
businesses. In contrast, the scenarios have been changed after Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina came to
power in Bangladesh. Nowadays schools, banks, or offices

Polital Environment in Bangladesh
Political Environment in Bangladesh and its Impact on International Trade Introduction The
interface between international trade obligations and domestic regulation of trade, health, safety and
the environment, special and differential treatment of developing countries dictates whether a
country will be able to gain from trade, commerce which contributes to development of a country.
Since, independence, the political environment of Bangladesh has been fragile due to its lack of
proper democratic practice, self fulfilling prophecy and decision making with inadequate knowledge
of international relations. Therefore, it is a dire need to know the impact of political foresight to gain
advantage in international trade. Overview of Political ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, contribution by Bangladesh Awami League, the Jatio Party and BNP has been immense in
increasing international trade. The potential areas for investment in Bangladesh include: agriculture,
fisheries, agro–based industries, chemicals, light industries, natural gas and oil exploration, textile,
tourism, energy sector, telecommunications, etc. Although the prospects for foreign investment in
Bangladesh are otherwise bright, we have at the same time some barriers to investment. Such
barriers include mainly Political instability a common problem in Bangladesh. Though we expected
substantial change in our political environment, we are not observing any positive signs yet. This is
a major disincentive for foreign investors. Most of the trade unions of the country have political ties
with the parties in power and opposition. This hampers industrial production and pollutes the with
environment. As a result, production target fail, the industry incurs losses. The country has
liberalized its banking and telecommunication sectors. Although, Bangladesh did not make any
commitment in financial sector under GATS but the rate of liberalization in the financial

Free Bangladesh From The Exploitation Of Pakistan Essay
To free Bangladesh from the exploitation of Pakistan, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, President of the
Awami League declared Six–Point Formula on 13th February, 1966 when he failed to declare in the
conference of opposition held in Lahore. The six clauses were the reflector of independence of the
Bangladeshi people. Freedom of habitation, eating, clothing all these basic needs were assured to be
provided by the clauses. So people of East Pakistan supported this from their heart. The six clauses
were: Clause 01: Constitutional Structure and Nature of State: According to 'Lahore Proposal', it was
estimated that Pakistan Constitution would be redefined and a real federal system must be
introduced. The federal government would be parliamentary system. The members of the parliament
would be decided by the votes of voters at both central and provisional sector. Clause 02: The Power
Of Central Government: Safety of the nation and International Relation concerning matters would
be the dealing job of central job. The other functions would be done by the government of the
provinces. Clause 03: Currency and Money System: There were two options: a) There would have
two easily transferable currencies in two states. There would be two state banks in two states. The
Local Government would have the power and authority to control the currency and state bank. Or–
b) There would be the same currency in two states. But strict control would be present there to
control the smuggling of money from one

April 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander...
April 1971 Colonel M.A.G Osmani was selected as Commander of Bengali armed forces. Organized
resistance began. Mukti Bahini (freedom Fighter forces) became increasingly active. July 1971,
Bangladesh forces command was set up.
The Awami League then set up their own plans for a new constitution to achieve an independent for
their state. As a result, the plan did not turned well as expected. The Pakistani army took control and
Mujib was arrested in March 1971 after a violent results. As result from this civil war, about 9.5
million refugees fleeing to India. This led to military intervention by India on the side of the Mukti
Bahini (Bengali 'freedom fighters') at the beginning of December. Hence, weeks after that, Pakistan
forces ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The physical distance was insignificant compared to the cultural, economic and environmental
difference of two parts. The only connection religion was not enough to balance the enormous
disparity created through economic oppression and cultural exploitation. Language issue is the most
crucial issue because it was important to have one sole official national language. To some extent,
every province was upset as many were favour for Urdu language hence their language will be a
second–class language. The government failed to understand deep attachment of Bengalis with their
mother language. Urdu was spoken in the West and Bangla was spoken in the East. Therefore,
because of this language issue, language movement were set up and riots also took place. In
addition, the birth of Bangladesh and separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan was due to cultural
differences. Pakistan was a multiracial and poly ethnic country and their social customs differed
from the rest which this cultural differences led to the rise of ethics nationalism. It was Zulfiqar Ali
Bhutto who were aware about this cultural divide.
Moreover, contemptuous attitudes of West Pakistanis towards Bengal made the East Pakistan (the
Bengal) felt irritated with them. This can be seen from the attitudes of the government official
especially the West

The Structural Failure Of The Rana Plaza Collapse Essay
Introduction:
Bangladesh is one of the world 's most densely populated countries, with its people crammed into a
delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal (BBC, 2015). Poverty is widespread, where many
people suffer from malnutrition, especially in the rural areas. The structural failure of the Rana Plaza
collapse, an eight–story commercial building, occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of
Dhaka, Bangladesh. This resulted in 1,137 confirmed dead at Rana Plaza, and over a year later 200
are still missing (Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 2015). The issue is an ethical issue
which has affected many lives in Bangladesh and resulted in western civilisation demanding change.
The ethical issue involves around a Bangladesh man Sohel Rana, and western clothing companies,
specifically the company it manufactured for, Canadian fashion brand Joe Fresh (Forbes, 2013). The
building, Rana Plaza, was owned by Sohel Rana, whom illegally extended the six–storey building,
into a nine–storey factory complex.
Ethics:
Ethics are principles of behaviour that distinguish between right and wrong. Resnik (2011) defines
ethics as" a method, procedure, or perspective for deciding how to act and for analysing complex
problems and issues" (p.1). People face ethical decisions; however, People working in business
frequently face ethical decisions. Business ethics is the evaluation of business activities and
behaviour as right or wrong (Society for Business Ethics, 1991).

In today’s socio-political currency, often there is...
In today's socio–political currency, often there is cheapened 'Hero Inflation' devoid of serious moral
reflection in indiscriminate glory of dubious value. Within that promiscuous praise that greases the
path for bottom of the barrel hyperbole debased hero–worshipping, and if you throw partisan
vituperation of political complexities in the mix, it becomes absurd ventilation of the small soul's
lowest common denominator. You get all kinds of cluttered mind, suffocating echo chamber,
denialism barking on style over substance. In their politically charged hyper reality, truth is variable,
partial and filtered through narrow partisan optics. Soullessness of the chattering class are so vein
that even old chestnuts falling from their favorite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Today it is clear to all as to why this upheaval, madness, blood–shed starts as the Election–process
gets underway? Isn't it a manifestation of some politicians' insecurity? Affliction of narcissistic
personality–cult? To whom facts, in Orwellian terminology, becomes 'un(non)facts', persons
'un(non)persons'. When convenient unpersons and unfacts are revived. The personal vectors are
conveniently promoted, conversely if situation demands, demoted. Their governing principle: 'Truth
is the political line of the day.' In their need to hold onto power, making of a dictator, tyrant, despot
and overbearing autocrat is a requirement of the time. Psychologists might say, such requirement is
a compensation for inner vulnerability. Afraid to face the inner–Shadow, in Jungian terms, they
project that Shadow onto others who then become their enemies and thus represent everything that
stands in the way of success and comfort.
In Bangla political dynamics all indications are there, popularity of the ruling party, Awami League
hit the rock bottom; exemplified when the BNP "thrashed the League in mayoral elections in June
and July, notably in Gazipur in the industrial belt, hitherto one of the League's safest constituencies"
and polling data showing a plunge in the government's popularity. Consequent to opposition called
general strike, many stores and schools were closed in Dhaka and very few vehicles were

Partition Of The British India
Partition of British India, 1947: The Partition of British India gave birth to two new states; India and
Pakistan. Pakistan comprised two geographically and culturally separated region: a) West Pakistan
and b) East Pakistan (Bangladesh) on basis of their common religion–Islam.
Language Movement: Just after independence, Pakistan ruler with a key resolution at national
education summit in Karachi in 1947 began to exclude Bengalis, inhabitant of East Pakistan,
adopting Urdu as the only state language of then Pakistan which later elicited language movement in
East Pakistan. The declaration of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in Dhaka as "Urdu and only Urdu will
remain as the state language of Pakistan" and the reluctance of the successive rulers to recognize the
mother language of 56% people of the total Pakistan's population drew language movement to the
street that took its final shape on 21st February 1952. On this day, Salam, Rafique, Barkat, Jabbar,
Shafiul were the heroes who laid down their lives to establish Bangla as one of the state languages
of Pakistan and "seeds of Bangladeshi nationalism" was sown.
Election of 1954: Bangladeshi nationalism was first projected in 1954 election when United Front
coalition of East Bengal's (later named as East Pakistan in 1955) political parties Awami League and
the Krishak Sramik Party, won the most of the seats in the East Bengal Legislative Assembly.
Muslim League got only 9 seats out of 310. So, coalition govt. with Bengali leaders was

The Paradoxes of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is a country of complex paradoxes; although it has made huge strides in economic
growth, poverty reduction and development, the political scene remains volatile. In fact, several
historical, social, and conditions and contextual factors remain at play, affecting the democratization
process. Drawing upon a procedural definition of democracy, free, fair, and competitive elections
and the guarantee of civil rights and civil liberties for the citizenry must exist in order to promote
democratization in Bangladesh. Democratization, according to Canadian International Development
Agency's (CIDA) definition, refers to the process of strengthening popular participation, building
democratic institutions and practices, and deepening societal democratic values. Despite having the
framework of a parliamentary democracy and Western democratic institutions, there has been a
downward trend in democratization in Bangladesh. Behind the façade of democracy, instability,
weak political institutions, patrimonial politics, patronage, and political polarization exist. In this
case, Bangladesh can be potentially classified as an illiberal democracy, or even an electoral
autocracy. As such, the country still faces considerable obstacles; the prevention of a reverse wave
back to authoritarianism, and the encouragement towards further democratization and democratic
consolidation, require further assistance and new approaches in order to address these challenges.
Since the 1990s, the

Bangladesh Genocide Research Paper
Throughout the course of history, many countries have been the aggressor or victim in a fatal
genocide. Genocides are the massacring of a large group because of their ethnic, national, racial, or
religious group. There have even been cases where the disabled have even been punished as well as
the elderly too. These types of mass murders occur due to the fact that a group is threatened,
angered, or shows aggression towards another group. Although there are many genocides that are
well known to the world such as the Holocaust, there are other killings such as the Armenian
Genocide and the Bangladesh Genocide that people are never made aware of. By following the 8
Stages of Genocides, readers will be made aware of the atrocities that occured in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although they each were united by one name, the Pakistani Government treated the East side with
more hatred than the West. The governments of West Pakistan have made countless efforts in
purifying the Bengals from the Hindu culture of India. Prior to 1971, there was an election held,
which resulted in a group named the Awami League to win the majority. They were in favor of the
idea of East Pakistan yearning for their independence. Some were opposed to this idea including a
General in the Pakistani army named Yahya Khan and wished to intervene. He says that he wished,
"to suspend democracy and to deal with the source of the "threat"–the residents of East Pakistan,"
(Combat Genocide). Unlike the previous democracy, Yahya Khan showed disgust towards the idea
of separation between the East and West. A report wrote that General Khan stated that, "We must kill
three million of them, and the rest will eat out of the palm of our hand," (Combat Genocide).
General Khan even went to the extent of hiring General Tikka Khan to look after the East, who was
said to be as brutal or if not worse than General Yahya himself. Just like the Holocaust, General
Yahya planned to enact the "final

Political Asylum : A Common Incident For The Western...
Political asylum is a common incident for both the western developed countries and the Third World
countries. Bangladesh is also going through the trend of political asylum for last few decades. For
discussing the political economy of the political asylum of Bangladeshi people, we have to have a
clear concept about political economy, political asylum and the nexus between two of them first.
Political Economy: Political economy means the study of different economic theories and methods
that influence political ideology. In a broader sense, political economy is the nexus between
economics, law and politics and how concerned institutions work to develop in various social and
economic system, such as socialism, capitalism, and communism, and also is an systematic
approach or analysis of how public policy is formulated and implemented. (Investopedia, 2016)
Political Asylum: According to the Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
International Human Rights Law, the political asylum means providing shelter of that people who
are frightened to live in their own country or badly treated because of their religion, political
opinions, membership of a particular social group or social activities, personal lifestyle and sexual
orientation. (Wikipedia, 2014). These people given political asylum are naturally called as refuges
but they are not economic refugees who move towards rich countries from a poor country only for
economic reason, in search of living and

Liberation Of Bangladesh Essay
The year 1971 started with high hopes around the world for peace, prosperity and all round
development in all spheres. On the eve of 1971 there were jubilations all over the world from
Melbourne to San Francisco, crackers turned the nights illuminating into multicolour, as if Celestial
bodies themselves came down to greet people. Beer Mugs after mugs were gulped down to bid
adieu to 1970 and welcome the New Year. Another fresh new year was here, another year to live, to
love and laugh again, to live each day with full zest, without any fear and with full optimism that the
new year and the new day is full of surprises and merriment. People all over the world visited
Churches, Temples and Mosques to pray God for them and the rest of the world for the best, but
perhaps India and Pakistan were destined to see each other with bloodied eyes. The militaristic,
political confrontation between these two countries saw the biggest triumph for India, humiliating
and unbearable defeat for Pakistan and the creation of a new nation Bangladesh who went through
their most horrible days, from the erstwhile East Pakistan.
The liberation of Bangladesh from the cruel clutches of Pakistan was the main reason for conflict
between India and Pakistan. India being a sandwich between East Pakistan and West Pakistan could
not turn his eyes from the genocide perpetuated against the civilians of East Pakistan by West
Pakistan junta.
The partition of India in 1947 by Britishers , based on the theory of

Class Struggle
Introduction Class struggle is the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any
kind of socialist perspective. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, leading ideologists of communism,
wrote "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle". Marx's notion of
class has nothing to do with social class in the sociological sense of upper, middle and lower classes
(which are often defined in terms of quantitative income or wealth). Instead, in an age of capitalism,
Marx describes an economic class. Membership in a class is defined by one's relationship to the
means of production, i.e., one's position in the social structure that characterizes capitalism. Marx
talks mainly about two classes that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the floods! This dimension of Bangladesh's reality is much more presentable and in tune with what
the viewer wants to see. In addition, floods or monsoons are a lot easier to explain away as
inevitable than are riots or strikes. For the bourgeoisie, what would be the point in shaking the
dominant image of a country made of "too much water and too many poor people"? However, it is
not possible to completely black out the existence of class struggle and some information gets
through. The following is a resume of news clips from various newspapers in December 1994: "On
December 4th 1994 thousands of poorly–paid and poorly–equipped police officers, auxiliary
militiamen (Ansars) mutinied, taking over two barracks, 22 officers hostage and managing to take
control of the headquarters and training centre in the capital, Dacca. After 4 days, by which time the
mutiny had spread to other provinces, repression began in earnest. The army's special forces
attacked the occupies barracks, using very significant measures: artillery guns, rockets, helicopters,
gas, armored cars... with an official toll of 4 deaths and 50 wounded." The first ideological image is
therefore shattered: there are more than just disarmed, ragged, soaking–wet beggars in Bangladesh!
A different technique is now needed to explain events and, this time, the media choose to fall back
on the traditional explanation of struggle between "official" and "opposition" parties. Indeed, the
mutiny in December 1994 in

The Plaza Was Owned By The Aggressive And Ambitious Sohel...
The Plaza was owned by the aggressive and ambitious Sohel Rana, who exploited his political
connections to acquire illegal permits and bribe government officials to get approval
construction.He had extra floors built without obtaining the proper permits or approval from the
local government authorities. Sohel Rana (like building owners in general) was able to take
advantage of the loopholes in the system through his ties to political allies and his wealth. Not only
did he ensure that inspections were rarely performed, but was also able to bribe officials to build on
a rejected, unsuitable plot of land, to add additional floors to the building, and to persuade workers
to enter the building despite the cracks and warnings from engineers. Also, he allegedly remarked to
the media on the same day that the cracks were a trivial matter. Rana Plaza was built after taking
permission from the Savar Mayor (who, like Rana was also an Awami League member) – a person
with no legal authority to issue this permit. According to Emdadul Islam, chief engineer of the state–
run Capital Development Authority, the owner of the building had permission for only a five–storey
building from the local municipality. The illegal extension by a further three stories was overlooked
by the authorities due to Rana's political connections (affiliation with ruling Awami League party).
Rana brought paid gang members to beat the workers (both male and female), hitting them with
sticks to force them to enter the

BOOK REVIEW ON Emergence of a new nation In a multipolar...
BOOK REVIEW
ON
Emergence of a new nation
In a multipolar world: Bangladesh
Written by
Dr. Mizanur Rahman Shelly
Cover Page:
The Book at a Glance:
Title: Emergence of a new nation in a multipolar world: Bangladesh
Edition: 4th Expanded Edition, April'2007.
Published by: Academic Press & Publishers Library.
Cover Design by: Golam Kabir
Price: TK 375.00
ISBN:984–08–0147–3
All Pages are offset.
Dedication: To his wife and beloved sons.
About the Author:
Dr. Mizanur Rahman Shelly
Born in 1943, Munshigonj.
Social Scientist, Educationist and Literature. Joined CSP On 1967.
Was minister for information and later for irrigation, flood control and water resource development.
Has been working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During 1953–1957 the United State was busily making collective security arrangements in an
attempt to recruit 'Allies' for her confrontation with the communist camp. In south–east Asia the
United State sponsor and encouraged the formation of SEATO (The South East Asian Treaty
Organization) and CENTO (The Central Treaty Organization).
The arrangement was originally viewed by the United States & Thailand as underpinning the
inherently with Geneva agreement which recognized the communist–ruled North Vietnam. CENTO
also began as a regional security grouping at the behest of Iraq and Britain, but the participation of
those northern states of Asia sharing frontiers with the Soviet Union such as Iran, Turkey, Pakistan

and the reinsurance, as it were, provided by the United Sates, made CENTO no less than SEATO, a
US weapon against her Global adversary, Soviet Union.
The birth of Bangladesh–the first state to be born in blood and fire in a polycentric world has been a
unique case, as the following analysis shows. There is hypothesis that political factors, rather than
economic, ethnic and cultural one, were catalyst of Bangladesh revolution.
Chapter –2
From autonomy to secession
1. A brief history about the Muslim rules in India from the late 1200 century to 1957 is described
here.

Government And The Government Of Bangladesh
Introduction:
Like many other countries of the world, Bangladesh government has also three organs; and the three
organs are the combination of the government of Bangladesh. These three organs are the executive,
the legislature and the judiciary.
In order to run government, the three organs or branches of government has some relationship with
one another. But the thinking matter of that if the three branches have very close relationship than
there create a disorder of the government and it may be harmful for our democracy. The government
by his only one hand doesn't keep a good concentration of all the branches, if the three branches has
separate power and separate in their all activities ;than they will do their all action more efficiency
and more effectively. When govt. is less people and confront in activities than the political freedom
may be established we think. So, the activities of government are scatter or decentralized by
different persons or department in order to perform more frequency; so that every department of
government has gained the freedom and no department can overlap their power to other department.
In Bangladeshi context, how much separation of power is established, I wish to work about this.
In Bangladesh, after the started of parliamentary government the principles of the separation of
power didn't effect .Because; the ministries were the members of legislature. The executive and the
legislature were the closely related. But the judiciary is the

Taking a Look at the Bangladesh Genocides
The Bangladesh Genocides is remembered as the most concentrated genocide of the 20th century,
however it is an astonishing act of overlooking. In an attempt to crush forces seeking independence
for East Pakistan, the West Pakistani military regime unleashed an efficient campaign of mass
murder which aimed at killing millions of Bengalis, and succeeded in doing so.
For the bloodbath in March–December 1971 – when the Pakistani army executed a largely unarmed
Bengali population in the then vital part of Pakistan's state known as "East Pakistan", in an effort to
suppress the region's demand for independence – was at the time the biggest story in the world's
media.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Before 1971, Bangladesh was divided into two regions; both with opposing political power.
Although East Pakistan (Bangladesh) withheld the larger population between the two provinces, it
acquired much less political dominance than West Pakistan. Through the power and representation
of leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, East Pakistan rebelled. Rahman, leader of political party 'The
Awami League' demanded more powers both politically and economically. This struggle finally
cumulated into the war of independence for East Pakistan.
CAUSE OF THE GENOCIDE
In the 1971 national elections, The Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, had a major
success, winning 160 seats as well as majority of the national assembly. Rahman demanded
independence for East Pakistan, as well as the right to form a government.

A Report On The Metro Railproject
Introduction:The metro–railproject is a much talked development project in the country now a days.
After the Padma bridge project it is the most talked and most expensive development project of the
country.The project has been undertaken by the government of Bangladesh to reduce the massive
traffic jam and to make easy the transportation system within the Dhaka city. Dhaka is the one of the
most populated mega city of the world. To provide a better transport facility to its citizen Dhaka has
not that much good transport system to carry the passengers within the city. To ensure the improved,
faster, comfortable and time bound transport system in the Dhaka the government of Bangladesh has
undertaken the metro–rail project.
Overview: The metro rail project which is much known as Dhaka metro was approved by executive
committee of national economic council (ECNEC) in 2012. An act relating to metro rail was passed
in the cabinet in April 2014 (The daily star, 2014). It is a joint venture of GoB, JICA & ADB.
Approximate cost of 22 thousand crore taka will be needed for this project. The route will be 20.1
km long from uttara tp motijheel. There will be 52 overhead station in different places in the route.
56 trains will be in service by 2019. Each train will contain three coaches. More than 60000
thousands of passengers can get services per hour. Each train has capacity of 1800 passengers to
carry. Each passengers can get the services by using a smart card which will be issued by

Economic Development Essay
Location
Bangladesh is located in South Asia and shares borders with India to the west, the north and the east.
To the southeast lies Burma. The southern shores are washed by the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh
occupies a fertile delta created by two of Asia's largest river systems, the Ganges and the
Brahmiputra.
Politics
Bangladesh is one of the youngest nations in Asia. Until two and a half decades ago, it formed the
eastern half of Pakistan; the western half lay over 2,000 km away, on the other side of India. In
1971, Pakistan's army attempted to subdue an East Pakistani movement for regional autonomy
which led to a bloody civil war. India joined the war in early December of that year and, later that
month, Bangladesh became an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With its newfound political stability, Bangladesh has undertaken an ambitious program of economic
reforms, and opened its doors to foreign investment. A large workforce, and low wages and costs
make Bangladesh an attractive base for setting up manufacturing and assembling facilities.
The present government has initiated several measures to stimulate economic growth. New
businesses are being encouraged and there are generous tax incentives for exporters. Foreign–
exchange restrictions have been eased. Overseas businesses are being wooed as foreigners are now
allowed to own ventures wholly and are permitted to invest in the stock market. The mobilization of
domestic resources is a key priority of the program.
The results have been satisfactory. Economic growth has improved steadily since 1991. Inflation has
been substantially reduced and the external current account balance has also improved.
As a result of more rapid growth in the services sector, overall real GDP growth was 5.5 per cent in
1996, 5.9% in 1997 and 5.6% is the preliminary estimate for 1998. Encouraged by the government's
policies of deregulation and financial sector reform, both private and public sector investments and
national savings have increased steadily. Investment was equivalent to 12.1 per cent of GDP in
1992, 12.7 per cent in 1993, 14.6 per cent in 1994 16 per cent in 1995, 16.5 per cent in 1996 and
16.75 per cent in 1997. The national savings rate was 9.6 per cent of

Political Science And Its Influence On The Country 's...
Introduction
Political Science teaches us about how political power is dispersed, how different governments
operate and interact, how rules are made and enforced. We will come to know both the "who" of
politics, such as international organizations, politicians, and the public, and the "how", such as
political institutions, elections, and public administration. Politics have its essence in every aspect of
our lives, including the availability of education, jobs, housing and healthcare. Whatever
government does and whoever supports the government everything have its influence on the country
's current situation whether to be in war or in peace. Political science is the study of a wide range of
political knowledge, events, actions, and institutions. We all take part in politics, though most of the
time we do so unknowingly. Politics is not only about simply voting in an election or working in
government. When we read or listen to news, make donations to aid groups, or talk with friends and
family about social issues and values are some of the examples of political activity in our everyday
lives.
Political Science is concerned with the many institutions, organizations and norms that determine
how people apperceive society, and in turn, how they interact within it. In Political Science, multiple
issue can come for discussion like Power or it can be democracy or government as well, in order to
aware us about our surroundings, and our place in it. When we acquire enough knowledge

The Civil Disobedience Movement
Mean while when the talks were going on secretly, Gen. Yahya Khan delayed the convening of
parliament so that political parties can find a solution; it was seen as a deliberate attempt by
Bengalis to keep the power away from their hands, and teach a lesson to the political party of Mr.
Rahman, who in a massive rally at Race course ground Dhaka on 7th March, had announced for
civil disobedience movement. But before the two gentlemen could present the new coalition
proposal, General Yahya Khan finding no worthwhile political solution, ordered action against Mr.
Rahman, people of East Pakistan and appointed General Tikka Khan as the commander of forces
and Governor to suppress the movement. It seems that Yahya had used the last session of
negotiations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rahman while in England had a secret meeting with Indian foreign officials and diplomats for the
support in creation of Bangladesh, the meeting arranged at a far distance away from the praying
eyes of ISI, about 130 Kms. away from London in a small town, over looking the vast fields covered
with snow, made his tears roll down and dropped on the map of East Pakistan before him, Mr.
Rahman said with a gloomy sigh "When we shall be free?".
Mr. Bhutto too left East Pakistan empty handed, but with a smile on the face, that at least he came
out successful in depriving Bengalis their due. Little did he know, his cunningness in near future
will tear apart his own country into two? But politicians are always politicians, to foresee the
ramifications are miles away from them.
Mr. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto belonged to a prominent family of Sindh and was born out of wedlock
between a rich land owner Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto and mother Lakhibai who was a Hindu, but later
on converted to Islam. He belonged to the most famous clan of the Sindhi Rajput, they are a clan of
the Bhatti Rajputs, and as such are Chanderavanshi. They are mainly situated in Larkana city. His
father was the Prime Minister of Junagarh State and an influential person during British period.
Bhutto had his early schooling from Cathedral & John Cannon School, Worli Bombay now
Mumbai. Bhutto earned his B.A. (Hons.) from University of California, USA later on went to
Lincoln's

Genocide: The Cause Of Mass Murders In East Pakistan
Though a broadly used term, genocide did not exist before the terrors of the Holocaust. Afterwards,
the United Nations decided to give it its present definition, a mass killing of a large group of people,
usually of the sam religion, ethnicity, or race. In the process, they tried to extinguish all mass
murders around the world, but still many acts of genocide were conducted, for example the genocide
in Bangladesh. It began in 1971, in East Pakistan. The whole genocide began as an attempt to crush
forces that were seeking freedom and independence for East Pakistan. West Pakistan released a
campaign of mass murder to kill millions of Bengali. The Muslim Generals then decided that they
wanted Pakistan to become pure, and they killed anyone who ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The current governing party is the Awami League (AL), which is center/center–left. The Bangladesh
Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies from the right–of–center to conservative grouping in
Bangladesh.The extreme right or left, while not supported by a large fraction of the populace, are
typified by having very dedicated followers. To the left are the pro–Soviet Bangladesh Communist
Party, factions of the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal, and other socialist groups advocating revolutionary
change. To the right is a group of Islamist parties, including Jamaat e Islami and Islami Oikyo Jote,
who calls for an increased role for Islam in public life. The fifth major party is the party founded by
ex–military ruler General Ershad, the Jatiyo Party (JP) is ideologically not too different from the AL
or the BNP but operates independently. The Pakistani government wanted to stop any Bengali
people from seeking freedom, so they decided to kill them. The Awami League, who was supposed
to defend the East Pakistan Military men, became targets when President Khan thought the Awami
League was a threat to his government.Then, in rage, the Awami League fought back against the
Pakistani Military. It all officially began on March 25, 1971, with Operation Searchlight. The goal of
the operation was to take control of all the major cities by March 26, then, within a month, eliminate
all political or military leaders. The first to be killed was a group of hundreds of students and
teachers, who were rounded up, then shot to death by the Pakistani Military men

Causes Of Separation Of East Pakistan
Quaid–e–Azam who made freedom possible for us and gave us the separate homeland to live, but
the incident of East Pakistan hurts every Pakistani because we love our Bengali brothers and sisters
and we wanted to live with them one basis of equality and wanted to stay one nation but due to some
our mistakes and some external interruption it could not possible to stay with each other, the East
Pakistan become now Bangladesh. East Pakistan, Dhaka Fall 1971, the incident not happened
sudden there was a complete planning behind this incident. The East Pakistan is the biggest lost of
our country. We have the separate homeland but it has the history that for this homeland our leaders
and the Muslims of Subcontinent sacrifice their lives. The separation of East Pakistan is bitter truth
for us but we have to accept this truth because behind this there was the wrong step or mistake
which was taken in the past. We are trying to reduce the problems. Pakistan came in to being on
14th August 1947 from that day till now we are facing a lot of problems. The separation of East
Pakistan gave the grief. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of dissension
and conflict among East and West Pakistan. 2: Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971,
the separation's elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947.
Causes of separation of East Pakistan:
On 14th August 1947 we received freedom and got a separate homeland named "Pakistan". But on
16 December 1971 after the war we lost our one hand that is East Pakistan. The separation has many
causes which are following :
1: HINDUS INFLUENCE
2: FAILURE OF MUSLIM LEAGUE LEADERSHIP
3: UNITY OF BENGALI MUSLIM AND HINDUS
4: THE DELAY IN CONSTITUTION MAKING PROCESS
5: PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF

The Emergence Of Nationalism In The Nineteenth Century
Introduction: Nationalism is the most potent factor conducting in the political ground. In the
nineteenth century it was almost universally accepted as a injunction for religion. Though in the
middle age religious view had prominent influence but in the first half of 16th century more
emphasis was given to geographic and national unity and field of national sovereign state was
established. At that time strong central national government was established in England, French,
Spain. French revolution has been considered the first emergence of nationalism. On the other hand
Renaissance and Protestant reformation movement significant role in the rise of European
nationalism. "Machiavelli believed that the uniformity of tradition, language and law are the main
element of nationalism" (Ayesuddin,1976, in bengali). Besides these it is also necessary to
understand clearly the implication of the trend of nationalist movement. The recorded history of
Bangladesh is found from around the first century of the Christian era. Until the coming of muslims
in the early 13th century the region was ruled by the Hindu and Buddhist kings. The muslim rule in
Bangladesh began early in the 13th century and continued until the coming of East India Company.
It had been seen a seat of political influence in the history of south Asia, especially 19th and 20th
centuries. All major freedom movements against the British rule and 'Sipahi Bidroha' in 1857, was
the first counterblasts against them by the

The Form Of Government In Bangladesh
Government is the most important one among the elements of a state. Without a government, a state
cannot be formed. The government may be changeable and can be formed in different types. In the
world, the government varies from state to state. The thinkers have argued the classification in a
different way at different times. Lots of discussions have been taken part over the form of
governments. They mainly focused on that which form is the best one among all the forms of
government. Every form of government is different from another. As a consequence, it is very
difficult to pin down the single factor that most closely ties to "goodness." The form of government's
values may determine its agreeability to a particular individual or group. On the contrary, its
corruptibility determines how likely it is to adhere to those values in the real world when subjects to
the rigor of human nature.
Government History And System Of Bangladesh:
Political governance in Bangladesh began with the independence from Pakistan in 1971. In 1971,
there was a government which was formed to lead throughout the war and it was the "Mujibnagar
Government". After the declaration of independence on 26 March 1971,Mujibnagar Government
was constituted at Mujibnagar to conduct the Bangladesh war of liberation. It was formed on 10
April 1971 . The Mujibnagar government was headed by Tajuddin Ahmad. Mujibnagar government
was mainly formed consisting of the top ranking leaders of awami league.On 26

The Abdul Hamid Kh A Leader And The Mass Movement Of East...
Heading, Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan was a politician Popularly known as Maulana. Bhasan one of
India 's grassroots binsasataki British politicians and the mass movement of the hero, who in 1947
made life in Pakistan and Bangladesh, established in 1971, has played an important role in politics.
The people 'tribune of the oppressed ' is popularly known as. 1954 AD is one of the main leaders of
the United Front constituents. Played a prominent role in the establishment of an independent
Bangladesh. Most of the time, as well as leftist political life he was involved in politics Communist
maopanthi. So many of his followers, the "red Maulana" call. He was a visionary leader and was
assured that the decade of the fifties, Bangladesh and Pakistan as part of a paralyzed state. AD 1957
conference kagamari western rulers of Pakistan 'oyalakumusasalama as the first separation of East
Pakistan played a historic bell.
B
he was born in 1880 in Sirajganj district. His father, Haji Sharafat Ali Khan. He also studied a few
years in the local school and madrasa had no formal education. He began his career as a primary
school teacher at Kagmari in Tangail. He worked in a madrasa at village Kala Haluaghat
Mymensingh district. His political ideal was socialism. His political influence on Islamic socialism
and his strategies of political solidarity. . He has passionately embraced the ideology of communism,
the struggle for life, for the oppressed and abused people who had dedicated his life,

The Corruption Of The Form Of Government In Bangladesh
In state government is one of the most important elements. Without a government, a state cannot be
formed. The government may be changeable and can be formed in different types. There are many
different types of government which can be seen in different states in the world. The thinkers have
argued the classification in a different way at different times. Lots of discussions have been taken
part over the form of governments. They mainly focused on that which form is the best one among
all the forms of government. Every form of government is different from another. As a consequence,
it is very difficult to pin down the single factor that most closely ties to "goodness." The form of
government's values may determine its agreeability to a particular individual or group. On the
contrary, its corruptibility determines how likely it is to adhere to those values in the real world
when subjects to the rigor of human nature. Bangladesh government history and government system
: Political governance in Bangladesh began with the independence from Pakistan in 1971. Before
that in 1947 the subcontinent became independent. On the basis of religion issues Bangladesh and
Pakistan separated from India and Bangladesh became the victim of Pakistan in every feild. To get
rid of this domination people of Bangladesh planned to make a political party. On 23 June, 1949
Awami Mulsim League was established . Awami Muslim League played a very important role in
language movement in 1952. Awami

Women, Peace, And Security Issues Of The Horn Of Africa
Fadumo Dayib Country: Somalia Education: Degrees in International Public Health, MC/MPA
Mason fellow at Harvard in Public Administration, PhD fellow at the University of Helsinki:
Women, Peace, and Security Issues in the Horn of Africa Position: Presidential Nominee of Somalia
Problems faced: Fadumo Dayib was born in Kenya, but was deported with her family, back to
Somalia. Due to civil war, Dayib fled to Finland when she was around 17 and spent twenty–six
years as a refugee. Despite living the majority of her life in Finland, Dayib's aims have always been
to return to Somalia with the hope of bringing skills and education to the country. Currently, she is
attempting to take on the role of President, to unify and stabilise Somalia. There are eighteen
candidates (she is the only female) for the up–coming election in Somalia this month, and Dayib
will oppose the current president Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Accused of becoming dictatorial,
Sheikh Mohamud has had a history of silencing free press ad making constitutional breaches.
Resolving Somalia's political problems also encompass corruption in government. To do this would
combat any dependence on the Al–Shabaab, an Islamic militant group, which had controlled a lot of
the region. To win the election this month, Dayib will face other parties who can, and will, buy
votes. She flatly acknowledges this point stating that if you are not corrupt, then you will not be able
to partake in the system. Despite that Dayib believes she

Nationalism Is A Political Ideology Essay
INTRODUCTION: Nationalism is a political ideology. It generally involves the identification of a
state. According to Hans Kohn, " Nationalism is an idea, an idea–force which fills man's brain and
heart with new thoughts and sentiments and drives him to translate his consciousness into deeds of
organized action" (Agarwal, 1996). Usually we can see two forms of nationalism. One is liberal
nationalism and the other is aggressive nationalism. Because of liberal nationalism, different
countries of the world could achieve their independence. On the contrary, aggressive nationalism
creates danger for a country. World War I and World War II are examples of aggressive nationalism.
Liberal nationalism is concerned with justice or peace. On the other hand, aggressive nationalism is
concerned with injustice or war. Nationalism creates the national feelings in the minds of the people
of a country. With this national feeling, people of a country can make the cultural, political and
economic development. "Nationalism takes different forms at different stages of the process of
development of a nation or state"(Karim, 1992). There are different castes and religions in our
country. People of all castes and religions live together peacefully in our country because of liberal
nationalism. Bangladesh has a historical legacy of its nationalism. The people of Bangladesh had
started struggling for the independence from 1857. Lords of Britain had suppressed us a lot but we
did not lose our courage

Political Sources Of Pakistan Essay
govt offered Sharif a loan to figure out a metallic execute and Sharif bought position where he
recognized the iron–steel execute foundry that is worth huge sum of money. During this display of
military hen house, Common Musharraf wrote in his memoirs that thanks to Saudi Persia and
Master Fahd, Sharif's lifestyle was spared by the military judge otherwise Sharif would have met the
same success as of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1979. ..................
POLITICAL PARTIES OF PAKISTAN
1: PAKISTAN MUSLIM LEAGUE – N: Pakistan Islamic Team (N) (PML Nawaz group, or PML–
N) became Pakistan's judgment party after an important success in the Pakistani common elections
of 2013. It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After first parliamentary phrase, the PPP won at the Pakistani common selection of 1977. Under
Benazir Bhutto, the PPP became a high–end party that promoted privatisation in to protected
funding from the US and the Globe Financial institution. From Objective 2008 to Objective 2013, it
was major party of judgment coalition. Celebration experienced defeat in elections of 2013. The PPP
currently keeps 41 us united states senate chairs and 42 national set up chairs.
3: PAKISTAN TEHREEK–E–INSAF: Imran Khan leads Pakistan Tehreek–e–Insaf under the
slogan: "Change". On 25 Apr 1996, in Lahore, the Pakistan Activity for Privileges (PTI), a
community democratic and extreme govt action, was recognized by Imran Khan. The PTI boycotted
the 2008 common elections but became more politically efficient this year. The PTI claims to
indicate all Pakistanis regardless of religion, ethnicity, language or residence. It was designed to
generate modern, egalitarian Islamic democratic well being situation. The PTI motivates a
nationalist technique, arguing that terrorism, extremism, and radicalization have improved since
Pakistan signed up with up with the War on Horror. Celebration revealed up as country's second
most preferred party in 2013 elections. PTI currently keeps 32 chairs in the Nationwide Set up. It is
judgment party in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa position. Imran Khan is the current seat of PTI.
4: PAKISTAN CONSERVATIVE PARTY

The Presence of Corruption in Bangladesh
Corruption is found everywhere in the world, but the less developed nations are found to be more
corrupt. In Asia, Bangladesh is one of the most corrupt nations. Ever since the independence of this
South Asian nation it has been fraught with instability and corruption. As new nation Bangladesh
has to face various political and economic issues. Patronage networks, military coups and civil
violence are the few issues that ruin the political system of this nation. Much of the political
instability has lead to challenges in its economic development. Bangladesh lags behind in natural
resources and capital thus affecting the development of the nation. Natural causes such as floods and
cyclones are significant to why Bangladesh struggle to maintain economic growth. Bangladesh has
to confront many problems in its environment and overpopulation. Industrialization leads to increase
in pollution production leading to adverse effects in the environment. Bangladesh is strongly
unstable and a corrupt nation because of its failing economy, political instability, and social
problems. The development of Bangladesh is affected by deteriorating economy. After getting
independence from West Pakistan in 1971 Bangladesh had to confront complications in their
economy caused by environmental issues, industry and unemployment rate. Natural causes are one
of the reasons Bangladesh is facing instability. Bangladesh is one of the world's most weather prone
nations. The environment degradation and

The Constitution Of A Great Impact On Bangladeshi Politics...
There have been 16 amendments to the constitution of Bangladesh.Every amendment has a great
impact on Bangladeshi politics and economic scenario. But there have been some major
amendments which tremendously changed political and economic situation of Bangladesh such
as4th, 8th,10th, 11th, 12th,13th,15th,16th. In my assignment I will show the amendments and behind
political economy behind the amendments. Political Economy: According to the Adam Smith,
Political economy is a branch of science of astateman and a legislature,concerned with providing a
plentiful revenue and subsistances for people,supplying the state or commonwealth with arevenue
sufficient for the public service. Constitution of Bangladesh was first implemented on 16th
december in 1972, sience then there have been 16 amendments in the constitution. There are some
major amendments which changed the political and economic senario.  Political Economy behind
the mentioned amendments:  4th amendment: This amendment was passsed on 25 january, 1975.
the summary of the amend, one party dictatorial system was substituted for a responsible
parliamentary system. Political economy behind 4th amendment– Firstly,In support of the change
Mujib said, the system we find today is british colonial system, this is the system of colonialist to
exploit, to exploit the country I want to smash the old moth eaten administrative system and create a
new one,. This new system of mine is the revolution. he reffrred to the british

Essay On Bangladesh Genocide
The Bangladesh genocide started with Operation Searchlight, a planned military pacification carried
out by the west Pakistan Army against east Pakistan that began on 25 March, 1971. The goal was to
curb the Bengali nationalist movement by taking control of the major cities and then eliminating all
opposition, political or military. The people of Pakistan wanted to systematically deprive the Bihari
community culturally, economically and politically. Pakistan was known as West Pakistan and what
is now Bangladesh was known as East Pakistan. West Pakistan wanted to culturally assimilate
Bengalis culturally. During the nine–month–long Bangladesh war for independence, members of the
Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias from Jamaat–e–Islami ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Pakistan could not gather international support, it fought a lone battle with few countries supporting
it. The United Nations condemned the human rights violations made by Pakistan but they failed to
restrain the situation politically before the start of the war. Following the declaration of
independence in March 1971, a campaign was launched by the Provisional Government of
Bangladesh to gather political support for the independence of East Pakistan as well as humanitarian
support for the Bengali people. India provided major diplomatic and political support to the
Bangladesh movement. Pakistan wanted India to agree to a ceasefire and asked the UN to intervene
but by the time their proposal was finished, Pakistan's forces had surrendered and the war was over.
Pakistan was sought for war crimes but the Bangladeshi government was not interested in gathering
evidence because of fear that Pakistan and other Muslim states wouldn't Bangladesh official
recognition. This genocide could not have been prevented. West and East Pakistan were once one
country, but they were a divided one. Eventually East Pakistan was going to want independence
from the West which would have resulted in a civil war just like the Bangladesh Liberation war.
Relations between Bangladesh and Pakistan improved in the years following the genocide. To this
day, Pakistan refuses to acknowledge

Operation Searchlight And The Bangladesh Genocide

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Operation Searchlight And The Bangladesh Genocide