Biomass conversion

1. ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY IN
COMBUSTION OF COAL (1 TON)
Samraj S
2021CHZ8352
Dr. K. K. Pant
Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi.
Under the guidance of
by
COURSE WORK DESIGN PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON

2. Content
Introduction
Combustion techniques
Material balance
Energy balance
Energy efficiency & Importance
Discussions and Conclusions.
Importance of
coal & efficiency
Grate firing
Pulverized fuel
Fluidized bed
Coal liquid
mixture
Combined cycles
Quantitatively
knowing the
amounts
Safety reasons,
prevention
1
2
2

3. Introduction (Overview)
 Combustion is a chemical process between substances that typically
involves oxygen and produces heat and light in the form of flame.
 STOICHIOMETRIC AIR REQUIREMENT.
 India has one of the largest coal power fleets in the world, but new
technology can be employed.
 According to the Economic Survey 2021–22, the demand for coal is
anticipated to increase by 63%.
Ref: Fuel, 316, 123269, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 88, 100954 3

4. Material balance
Ref: Literature reviews (Academic purposes)
Table 1&2. Proxy and Ultimate analysis of coal
4
Property Value
Moisture (%) 9.43
Ash (%) 13.99
Volatile Matter (%) 29.79
Fixed Carbon (%) 46.79
Property Value
Moisture (%) 9.43
Ash (%) 13.99
Carbon (%) 58.96
Hydrogen (%) 4.16
Nitrogen (%) 1.02
Sulphur (%) 0.56
Oxygen (%) 11.88
Assuming the Coal with Proximate and Ultimate Analysis as shown in Table 1
and Table 2 respectively. The GCV is 5500 Kcal/kg
C + O2 → CO2 (1)
H2 + ½ O2 → 2H2O (2)
S + O2 → SO2 (3)
The reactions that are involved in complete combustion of fuel are:

5. Material balance
Table 7 Components in Flue gas
Component Value (Tons)
CO2 2.162
H2O 0.469
SO2 0.011
N2 6.010
Total 8.652
5
Coal – 1 Ton
Combustion
Chamber
Combustion
Chamber
Air –7.791Ton
Flue Gas - 8.652 Ton
Ash – 0.1399 Ton
Figure 1. Mass balance of coal (1 ton)

6. Energy balance
The following assumptions are considered:
1) There is no un-accounted heat loss from the system
2) There is complete combustion
3) There is no excess Air
4) Room Temperature is 25oC
5) Flue gas Exit Temperature is 200oC.
6) Cp (average) and Latent Heat of various constituents is considered
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Material Kcal/K
g
Cp (Avg)
Flue Gas 0.240
H2O (Water) 1.000
H2O (Steam) 0.450
Ash 0.227
Latent Heat
Water-Steam 584
Source: Table-A: Cp and Latent Heat
of various constituents
For dry flue gas and ash - m*Cp*ΔT
For water - m* (Cp*ΔT1+ ΔH+ Cp*ΔT2)

7. Conclusion and Future directions
 Efficiency of the system calculated on GCV basis = (1-Total Heat loss/ GCV)*100
 Efficiency of the system with Coal as fuel = (1- 679.21/5500)*100 = 87.65 %
 Efficiency of Coal as a Fuel is higher than that of Biomass.
 Practical operation and the efficiency values
 Profitability in the power sector depends on effectiveness.
 There are certainly many ways to increase your top line, but efficiency is
always more important than top line growth.
Acknowledgement
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Dr. K. K. Pant
Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering
TAs
Mr. Rajan and Miss. Komal

8. 8
Engineer, Solving problems you did not know you had in ways
you don’t understand.
Thanking you.