ppt

1. Shock
Priyanka Joshi
Nursing Lecturer
DIMS

2. Overview
 Shock occurs when a diminished amount
of blood is available to the circulatory
system
 The vascular system fails to hold the fluid
portion of the blood
 Vasodilation of the blood vessels occurs
and disrupts the osmotic fluid balance in
the body

3. Overview
 Plasma cells leave the blood and enter
the interstitial spaces
 The formed elements remain in the blood
 Blood viscosity increases
 The rate of blood flow decreases
 Insufficient amounts of O2 are being
transported in the blood

4. Predisposing Factors
 Extreme fatigue
 Extreme exposure to heat or cold
 Extreme dehydration
 Illness
 Severe injury

5. Signs and Symptoms
 Low Blood Pressure
 Systolic BP is usually below 90 mmHg
 Pulse is rapid and weak
 Respiration is rapid and shallow
 Skin is pale, cool, and clammy
 Drowsiness

6. Types of Shock
Hypovolemic Shock
 Results from trauma in which there is
blood loss
 Decreased blood volume causes a
decrease in blood pressure
 Insufficient amounts of O2 is being
transported to body tissues and organs

7. Types of Shock
Respiratory Shock
 Results when the lungs are unable to
supply enough O2 the circulating blood
 Trauma that may produce respiratory
shock include:
 Pneumothorax
 Injury to the respiratory control center

8. Types of Shock
Neurogenic Shock
 Results due to the overall dilation of the
blood vessels within the cardiovascular
system
 Decreased blood pressure
 Insufficient amounts of O2 is being
transported to body tissues and organs

9. Types of Shock
Psychogenic Shock
 Commonly known as “fainting” (syncope)
 Results due to a temporary dilation of the
blood vessels in the body causing a
decrease in the blood flow to the brain

10. Types of Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
 Results due to the inability of the heart to
pump enough blood to the body
 Decreased cardiac output
 Decreased blood pressure
 Insufficient amounts of O2 is being
transported to body tissues and organs

11. Types of Shock
Septic Shock
 Results due to a severe infection
 Usually a bacterial infection
 Toxins released by the bacteria cause dilation
of the blood vessels within the cardiovascular
system
 Decreased blood pressure
 Insufficient amounts of O2 is being transported
to body tissues and organs

12. Types of Shock
Anaphylactic Shock
 Results due to a severe allergic reaction
 Allergic reaction may be caused by:
 Foods
 Insect bites
 Drugs
 Inhaling dusts, pollens, etc…

13. Types of Shock
Metabolic Shock
 Results due to a severe illness that goes
untreated
 For example, untreated diabetes
 Results due to an extreme loss of bodily fluid
 For example, excessive urination, diarrhea, or
vomiting

14. Psychological Impact
 Shock can be compounded, or produced
by the psychological reaction to an injury
or a situation
 Fear is the common
 Provide reassurance and comfort

15. Clinical Finding
Patient feel restless
Sweating and pallor
Rapid pulse
Rapid shallow respiration
Blood pressure <90mmhg(systolic)
warm skin in septic shock

16. Immediate Management

17. Immediate Management
 Maintain normal body temperature
 In most cases, elevate the feet and legs above
the level of the heart
 Exceptions include:
 Neck injury – immobilize in the position found
 Head injury – elevate the head and shoulders
 Leg fracture – splint and elevate

18. Secondary Management

19. First Aid management
Loosen clothing
Foot end raised
If vomiting than turn the neck to one side.
Cover a blanket to keep patient warm.
Stop external bleeding if possible
compression bandage.
Do not give any thing by mouth
If there is fracture splint the part

20. Summary
 May not be able to determine the type of
shock
 Immediate management of shock is
universal
 Provide reassurance and comfort
 Maintain normal body temperature
 In most cases, elevate the feet and legs
above the level of the heart