Hypovolemic Cardiogenic Anaphylactic Septic Shock

1. SHOCK

2. SHOCK: Definition
• A condition that occurs when the body is not getting
enough blood flow.
• Lack of blood flow means the cells and organs do not
get enough oxygen and nutrients to function
properly.
• Many organs can be damaged as a result.
• Shock requires immediate treatment and can get
worse very rapidly.
• As many 1 in 5 people who suffer shock will die.

3. Types of Shock
Hypovolemic
Cardiogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
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4. Hypovolemic Shock
is a life-threatening condition that results when you lose more
than 20 percent of your body’s blood or fluid supply. This severe
fluid loss makes it impossible for the heart to pump a sufficient
amount of blood to your body. Hypovolemic shock can lead to
organ failure. This condition requires immediate emergency
medical attention.
Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock, with very
young children and older adults being the most susceptible.

5. Causes of Hypovolemic
Shock
bleeding from serious cuts or wounds
bleeding from blunt traumatic injuries due to accidents
internal bleeding from abdominal organs or
ruptured ectopic pregnancy
bleeding from the digestive tract
In addition to actual blood loss, the loss of body fluids can cause a
decrease in blood volume. This can occur in cases of:
excessive or prolonged diarrhea
severe burns
protracted and excessive vomiting
excessive sweating

6. Signs and Symptoms:
Mental status: lethargy, sleepy, loss of consciousness
Pale Skin
Blood pressure: begins to fall
Pulse: rapid and weak
Respirations: rapid and shallow
Decreased urination

7. Interventions for Hypovolemic Shock
Stop the fluid loss
Replace fluids
Use low dose inotropics

8. Cardiogenic Shock
Condition in which your heart suddenly can't
pump enough blood to meet your body's
needs. The condition is most often caused by a
severe heart attack

9. Signs and Symptoms
• Drop in cardiac output
• Rapid but weak heart beat (tachycardia)
• Sudden shortness of breath
• Confusion and anxiety
• Sweating and cold extremities (fingers and
toes)

10. Interventions for Cardiogenic Shock
Hemodynamic monitoring
IV fluids
Intra-aortic balloon pump
Cardiac transplant
Inotropics/cardiotonics
Vasodilators
Diuretics

11. ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
An extreme, often life-threatening
allergic reaction to an antigen to
which the body has become
hypersensitive.
certain medications such as penicillin
insect stings, latex
foods such as:
◦ tree nuts, shellfish, milk, eggs

12. Signs and Symptoms
 Skin reactions such as hives, flushed skin, or
paleness
 Struggling to breathe
 Dizziness
 Confusion
 Sudden feeling of weakness
 Loss of consciousness

13. Treatment of Anaphylactic Shock
Epinephrine and theophylline
Ice to site of injection or sting
Gastric lavage
IV fluids
Antihistamines (H2 blockers)
Steroids
Vasopressors

14. Septic shock
Septic shock is a serious medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is
organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood
pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
Mechanism: overwhelming infection
Skin: flushed pink
Other: high fever

15. Treatment for Septic Shock
C & S for infective site
Antibiotic
IV fluids
Cardiotonics and inotropics
Vasopressors