Overall water purification technology for industrial effluents

1. “New Generation Catalysts for Facile Decontamination
of Heavily Contaminated Industrial and Agricultural
Waste-Water Targeted for the Cleaning of Ganga”
TEAM 5. IN3
PhD Student,
Dept. of Chemistry
Banaras Hindu University
E-mail:
neerajkumarsah5@gmail.com
Mr. Neeraj Kumar Sah
PhD Student,
Dept. of Bio-Chemistry
Banaras Hindu University
E-mail:
rohit@bhu.ac.in
Mr. Rohit Kumar Mr. Shankab Jyoti Phukan
PhD Student,
Dept. of Chemistry
Banaras Hindu University
E-mail:
shankabphukan@gmail.com

2. Problem
Industrial effluents
2

3. Electroplating Industry
Printing Industry
Textile
3

4. Serious threats to human health environments and
natural ecosystem
4

5.  Consist of heavy metals like Cd, Hg,
Pb, Cr(VI) etc.
 Organic pollutants including Pesticides,
biphenyls, fertilizers, hydrocarbon,
phenols, detergents etc.
 Anions like Fluoride, Arsenates, arsenites,
Chromates, Cyanides etc.
 Biological Pollutants like pathogenic
bacteria, viruses, protozoa etc.
5

6. MINAMATA CAUSED BY
MERCURY POISONING
ARSENICOSIS CAUSED BY
ARSENIC POISONING
FLUOROSIS CAUSED BY
FLUORIDE POISONING
Fluorosis
6

7. Hodgkin lymphoma
Prostate Cancer
Hormonal Imbalance
Kidney
disease
7
7

8. Arsenate/Arsenite removal efficiency = 99% with average kD value of 30.2 nM from ITC
Fluoride removal efficiency = 95% with corresponding kD value of 2.5 μM from ITC
Methodology-I
8
II. Encapsulation of 30 AsO3
3-/AsO4
3- and 60 F-
Inside the
Nanocavity of Mo132-Keplerate: Unique Option For
Upscaling to Real Life Applications.
… to be Patented from Banaras Hindu University.
OUR SOLUTIONS

9. Methodology-II
9
Na2S2O8
Mining Waste Decontamination
using visible light
CO2
hν
Metal-Cyanide
Contaminants
Ref: European Patent-1371
I. Complete Photocatalytic Degradation of Toxic
Substances Including Metal-Cyanides: Mo72Fe30 –
Smaller Keplerate Wonders With Industrial
Applicability
OUR SOLUTIONS

10. Sewage water treatment
Entry
No.
Compound name Main Hazard Amount
taken
(ppm)
/state
Total
amount
of CO2
obtained
(mg)
Irradiatio
n time
(h,
visible
light)
Minimum
% of
degra-
dation
Techniques
used for
detection
1 Urea (normal, 13C and 15N
labelled)
Human
waste
2000
Solution
28.13 4 96.0 13CO2, 15N2 by
GCMS
2 Uric acid Human
waste
1500
Solution
35.14 8 89.5 CO2, N2 by
GCMS;
Kinetics
studied by
HPLC in soln.
3 Pharmaceuticals
(Dichlofenac-Na-salt,
Carbamezipine,
Sulfomethaxole)
Hospital
waste
200 ppm
each
together in
Solution
24.80 4 94.0 CO2, N2 by
GCMS;
Kinetics
studied by
HPLC in soln.
4 1,10-orthophenanthroline·
HCl and its metal
complexes
Artificial
Brighteners
1000
Solution
38.51 8 85.8 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
5 ‘Gly-Gly-Gly’- tripeptide
EtO-Gly-Gly-Gly-NH2· HCl
Part of
Proteins
1500
Solution
33.50 4 81.1 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
6 Escherichia coli bacteria
(The chemical
composition for all
bacteria is the same)
Harmful 1000
Suspension
39.64 12 Mostly
decom-
posed
CO2, N2 by
GCMS
7 Benzene Carcinogenic 50 μL= 29.26 12 20.0 CO2 by GCMS
10

11. Sewage water treatment (Contd.)
Entry
No.
Compound name Main Hazard Amount
taken
(ppm)
/state
Total
amount
of CO2
obtained
(mL)
Irradiation
time (h,
visible
light)
% of
degrad-
ation
Techniques used
for detection
8 Pyrene Carcinogenic 1000
Suspension
43.00 12 61.7 CO2 by GCMS
9 Acetonitrile Organic
Solvent
50 μL=
1965
Solution
29.54 8 35.1 CO2, N2 by GCMS
10 K3[Fe(CN)6] Releases very
toxic HCN
2500
Solution
35.43 8 89.4 CO2, N2 by GCMS
11 Decamethylcyclopenta
-siloxane
Silicone waste 0.1mL =
4790
Suspension
45.53 16 41.4 CO2 by GCMS
12 Silicone oil Hydrophobic
contaminant
0.1mL =
4800
Suspension
27.3 18 23.9 CO2 by GCMS
13 Fe(III)-phthalocyanine
chloride
Natural
dyes
1000
Suspension
40.76 12 87.4 CO2, N2 by GCMS
14 Hematoporphyrin·
2HCl
Biomolecules 1000
Suspension
34.30 12 77.0 CO2, N2 by GCMS
15
16
Cationic Dyes like
Methylene Blue
Crystal violet
Artificial
dyes
1000
separately
in solution
42.72
43.84
8
8
97.1
81.3
CO2, N2 by GCMS;
Kinetics studied
by HPLC and UV-
Vis in solution
11

12. Sewage water treatment
Entry
No.
Compound name Main Hazard Amount taken
(ppm)
/state
Total
amount
of CO2
obtained
(mg)
Irradiat-
ion time
(h, visible
light)
Minimum
% of
degra-
dation
Techniques used
for detection
17 Melamine ‘N’ rich irritants 2000
Solution
34.90 12 83.3 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
18 Pentafluorophen
ol
‘F’-rich irritants
and corrosive
1500
Solution
36.56 8 85.0 CO2, N2 by
GCMS;
Kinetics studied
by HPLC in
soln.
19 p-nitro phenol NO2-compounds
(Designed with the
target for the
degradation of common
explosives)
1250
Solution
34.90 12 73.5 CO2, N2 by
GCMS;
Kinetics studied
by HPLC in
soln.
20 Triethanolamine Reducing organic
compounds
50 μL=
2810 ppm
Solution
41.60 8 42.0 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
21 Methyl Viologen
(paraquot)
Common
Herbicides
Harmful to aquatic
life
1000
Solution
31.50 12 76.6 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
22 Catalase
(Bovine)
Enzymes 1000
Suspension
33.00 12 78.0 CO2, N2 by
GCMS
23 Estradiol Hormones 1000
Solution
36.20 18 62.4 CO2 by GCMS

13. Sewage Water Treatment
General Experimental Set-up for Batch Reactor
After photo-degradation
Before photo-degradation
Preparation of the plant extract: A collection of plant leaves are
extracted with mortar-pestle adding minimum amount of water. The
extract was centrifuged for 10 min and the supernatant dark green
extract was filtered through the porous membrane (0.45 μm) filter to
obtain clear dark green solution. 20 mL of this solution was used
directly for photo-degradation experiment.
13

14. Catalyst Immobilization Studies
Preparation
Tetraethylorthosilicate + dilute HCl Silica sol *
Catalyst Binder sol
Mo72Fe30
catalyst
Carborundum
Support
Insolubility induced by
overnight soaking of
[Co(NH3)6]3+ solution Band gap = 3.05 eV
Absorption maxima ~ 400 nm
* A. Šuligoj, U. Černigoj, U. Lavrenčič Štangar, Patent SI 23585 A, 2012​.
14

15. Dye Degradation of Crystal Violet Upon Immobilization
Starting Near the End
Catalyst Immobilization Studies in Demo Flow Reactor
Intermediate reactor
view
Original CV
solution
CV solution after
degradation
15

16. Patent application in TU Berlin:
Use of Keplerate type polyoxo-
molybdates for decontaminating aquatic
environments
Dr. S. Garai, Martin Groβ, Prof. Dr. Michael Schwarze, Dr. Prashanth Menezes,
Amitabha Acharya, Prof. Dr. Matthias Drieß, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Schomäcker
16
European/ 1371/ EP 17195084.3

17. Components Before
Treatment
(PPM)
After
Treatment
(PPM)
Phenol 843 15
Thiocyanates 153 1.2
Ammonium 350 486
COD 5600 1080
Field Trial at
Visakha Steel Plant
17
… to be Patented from the
Banaras Hindu University.

18.  The Keplerates with
Thioglycolate or Thio-
phosphate ligands will be
prepared from Mo132-CO3
2-
reactive intermediate.
 The {Mo9O9}- type metallo-
crown pores can be
reversibly gated by the
Guanidinium Cations which
allows the confinement of
the toxic heavy metal ions
inside the "Soft" Core
(CRYSTAL STRUCTURE).
Hg2+/Cd2+/Pb2+ removal efficiency = 98%/94%/95% with
average kD value of 21.5/105.2/56.8 μM from ITC respectively.
III. Segregation of Toxic Heavy Metals Through
Molecular Lock-Gate Mechanism: Scalable Field
Test Is Our Best Bet.
… to be Patented from Banaras Hindu University.
Methodology-III
18
OUR SOLUTIONS

19. Our Flow Process Diagram
19
Abbreviations:
SF : Sand Filter
T : Tank
MF : Micro-Filter
P : Peristaltic Pump
F : Filter
EM : Electro-Magnet
UV : Ultra-Violet Lamp
O : Ozonized Oxygen Generator
SRHV-M : Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metal Column
DECYN-T : Decontamination of Total Organic Pollutant Including Cyanide Column
SRAS-F/Cr : Simultaneous Removal of Arsenic, Fluoride & Chromates column.

20. SWOT Analysis of our idea/demo
 The Encapsulative isolation of the toxic substances and their reversible
recovery is the major breakthrough in the domain of water purification.
 The simultaneous removal of Arsenic and Fluoride through the same column
is yet to be known in the current practice of waste-water decontamination
and therefore is our major strength.
 The complete degradation of organic pollutants under visible solar radiation
is the main challenge, we would like to address through our Start-Up.
20

21. Scope for Commercialization
 Our start-Up will target mostly the scaling up of our technology to the next
levels to TRL 7/8. Currently we are at TRL 4/5.
 The process design will be made completely a flow process rather than a batch
process.
 Our demo set-up will be initially targeted for 10 Litre/hour capacity which
finally need to be upgraded to 1000 Litre/hour for the sake of large industrial
applications.
 The capital requirement for our venture will be about INR 20 lakhs while the
cost for effective decontamination of toxic waste-water will be about 1-2 Rs.
only.
 Thereby the payback period of the capital expenditure will be about 6 months.
 We are on the process to register our Start-Up in AIC-BHU:
Green Keplerate Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
21

22. Thank you
Inorganic Nano-Football Molecule Catalyst
for your kind attention !!!