A presentation on computers

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF
COMPUTERS
NAME:ELIAS T.MASENDEKE
REG NO:2304020072

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction to computers
• Classification of computers
• Evolution of computers
• Characteristics of a computer
• Computer hardware
• Input devices
• Output devices
• Software

3. INTRODUCTION
What is a computer?
Computer : It is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and
process data.
•A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control
of instructions (software) stored in its own memory unit, that can
accept data (input), manipulate data (process), and produce
information (output) from the processing. Generally, the term is
used to describe a collection of devices that function together as
a system.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
• Computers can be classified in three ways which are:
1] By size
a) Super computer
b) Mainframe computer
c) Mini computer
d) Micro computer
2] By purpose
a) General purpose
b) Specific purpose
3] By type
a) Analog computer
b) Digital computer
c) Hybrid computer ( Combination of analog and digital computer)

5. BY SIZE
a) Super Computer
• Fastest computers on earth
• Extremely powerful and high performance
machines used for complex scientific
calculations, simulations, weather forecasting
and research.
• Speed or performance is measured in teraflops
• The world’s fastest supercomputer with a rating
of 93 petaflops per second in China called
Sunway Taihulight

6. b) Mainframe
• Large-scale computers capable of handling vast amounts of data,
supporting multiple users simultaneously.
• Used by organizations for critical applications such as banking,
airlines reservations and government system.
c) Mini computers
• Smaller than the mainframe but larger than personal computers (
micro computers).
• Used for computing tasks in Small to Medium sized business

7. d) Micro computers
• Also known as Personal Computers.
• General purpose computers designed for individual
use, commonly used in homes and available in
offices in desktop, laptop, tablet and smartphones
• Tablets are devices that combine computing
capabilities with telecommunications and wireless
connectivity for calling, texting and browsing

8. EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
 The period 1940 to 1956, roughly considered as the First Generation of Computer.The
first generation computers were developed by using vacuum tube or thermionic valve
machine. The period 1956 to 1963 is roughly considered as the period of Second
Generation of Computers.The second generation computers were developed by using
transistor technology. The period 1963 to 1971 is roughly considered as the period of
Third Generation of computers.This generation computers were developed by using the
Integrated Circuit (IC) technology. The period 1972 to 2010 is roughly considered as the
fourth generation of computers.This generation computers were developed by using
microprocessor technology. The period 2010 to till date and beyond, roughly considered
as the period of fifth generation of computers.The computer generation was being
categorized on the basis of hardware only, but the fifth generation technology also
included software.

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
COMPUTER
• Speed means the duration computer system requires in fulfilling a task or
completing an activity. It is well-known that computers need very little time than
humans in completing a task.
• Accuracy means the level of precision with which calculations are made and
tasks are performed. One may invest years of his life in detecting errors in
computer calculations or updating a wrong record
• Reliability is the quality due to which the user can stay dependable on the
computer. Computers systems are well-adjusted to do repetitive tasks. They
never get tired, bored or fatigued.
• Adaptability of computer system means the quality of it to complete a different
type of tasks: simple as well as complex

10. COMPUTER HARDWARE
• All physical components that includes all components
that we can see and touch i.e. processor, inpdisplay unit
(VDU), printer, speaker, connecting wires, casing,
storage devices etc.ut devices like keyboard, mouse,
output devices like visual

11. INPUT DEVICES
• Input devices are those devices with the help of which the user interacts with the computer. Or with the help of input devices,
the user enters the data or information into the computer.
Some input devices:
• Keyboard: It is the most common and main input device for computers. The data is inputted by typing on the keyboard. It
consists of 104 keys in total. It contains numeric keys, alphabet keys, and different function keys as well. it was connected to
the computer via cable.
• Mouse: A mouse is a kind of pointing device which is rolled over to control the cursor on the screen and it has functional
keys like left, middle, and right buttons.
• Scanner: It scans images, documents, etc.,& It works just like a Xerox machine.
• Light Pen: It is a light-sensitive device and it is touched to the CRT screen where it can detect, a raster on the screen as it
passes by and, with the help of this user can draw anything like lines, figures, or any objects.
• Microphone: It is a kind of voice input system that can be attached to a computer system to record sounds. It converts human
speech or voice into electrical signals. This electrical signal is processed by the computer and the word is recognized

12. OUTPUT DEVICES
• These are the devices that are used to display the output of any task given to the computer
in human-readable form
some output devices:
• Monitor: The monitor is the main output device. It is also called VDU(visual display
unit) and it looks like a TV screen.
• Printer: A printer is an output device that transfers data from the computer in a printed
format by using text or images on paper. There are both colored and black & white printers.
• Plotter: It is similar to a printer but potters are large in size. A plotter is used to generate
large drawings, architectural blueprints, etc. on paper and these are high-quality images and
drawings and large in size.
• Speakers: It is a output device and it gives sound as an output.

13. SOFTWARE
• Many programs functioning together to do a t It required to run the
hardware parts of the computer and other application software.
• Acts as interface between hardware and user application
• System software converts all human instructions into machine
understandable instructions
• Types of system software
 Operating System
 Language Processor
 Device Drivers ask make a software

14. THANK YOU✨✨
THE END
BE BLESSED
I ❤️ YOU 🤔ALL 🔥🔥🔥🔥
@Sendersjnrmas211@gmail.com