The slides contain a concise description of the functions of the image analyzer application (with visualized windows) developed during my internship at Lufthansa Tech Hamburg.

1. Image Analyzer v1.0
An application to sort and pre-process Microstructure
images to speed up and improve property detection

2. Start Tab - Image Sort Window
Here you can choose “Source”
and “Destination”. Default
folders are placed in the
current root folder (where
.exe file is activated)
Note: Do not keep original images in “source” location since they will be moved to new locations. But the copies are preserved
Note: Default image format is applied regardless of user choice. Default resolution is applied after user is prompted to do so
Note: If the folder deletion fails, probably because windows is trying to access some file in it
Note: A default Source and Destination folder are created every time the application is open
The current default resolution is shown here. When
there is a change in this value, user will be
prompted to apply resize operation (during update
source). The altered images will be saved in temp
folder and will be treated as their respective source
location.
Start by updating Source. Remember
to delete all the Temp folders so as
to avoid duplicates from previous
operations. All files of different
format are converted and placed in
“Temp” folder in the Source
directory
Temp means “Temp” folder inside
Source, “Cropped” and “Enhanced”
inside the Destination
A workbook “image_data” is placed
in the root folder which can also be
manually updated (updated
otherwise during next)
Choose the data mode.
Default is OCR, otherwise
Manual can be chosen here

3. Image Sort Window
Note: OCR is calculated by cropping the bottom right of the image where scales are usually placed. Other areas are disregarded. The
module used for this is “tesseract” sponsored by google.
Can be changed to Fully Manual entry
where User specifies both scales and
length of scales (within the “Results”)
The OCR recognizes the text and the length
of Scale Bar automatically. But user will get
opportunity to further edit these later.
Unrecognized values will be highlighted red
in the “Results”
Clicking on the OCR mode starts
calculation showing status bar

4. Image Sort Window
Note: Optionally double check the detected values using view image. Identical images will show similar accuracy.
Double click on
the locations to
get a view image
window
The View window can be resized.
Mouse click and drag brings a line
tool. The length of line is measured
dynamically and printed in the
bottom.
Pressing Shift button forces a
horizontal straight line

5. Image Sort Window
Note: Currently 3 digit formats are made available in manual edit. Values above 3 digits cannot be corrected
view results
(Manual) to
change the values
Only the digits can be altered. Units are
fixed. The first change will highlight
them as blue. Second change converts
blue figures to black.
0 is the default value for unrecognized
digits.

6. Image Sort Window
Note: Lengths are detected in most images. This may/may not be right since the algorithm followed here is to detect a continuous set
of similar, horizontal, dark pixels placed in bottom of the image.
View results (Semi-Auto) to
change the values
Warnings will be issued when text is not
recognized.
Progress bar displays the percentage
of operation. Time for OCR detection
is added to the display.
Non-detected text
These Text can be
edited (both scale
Text/Length)

7. Image Sort Window
Note: All 0 magnification will be moved to the “X_Unknown” folder inside Destination
Move Files
button
The magnifications are shown
according to scale-length ratio once
we click the move button
File movements are confirmed here. If
the file is already present (or of the
same name) then it is treated as
duplicate and printed “already
moved”

8. Image Sort Window
Note: Many ‘Next’ and ‘Back’ button press can sometimes cause file conflicts. Also fast pressing may trigger what is known as ‘race
condition’. So user is advised to be patient.
Next button
Next button can be also pressed
without the whole sorting procedure.
This means that the user is only
interested in crop and image
enhancement.
Next button conducts the Automatic
“book keeping” business such as
update excel sheet
If the excel sheet is open in any
process, user has to close it before
moving to next tab. In windows,
developer has limited control over the
process manager

9. Second Tab – Image Crop Window
Note: The cropped images are placed and updated in the Crop folder within Destination. Default resolutions are preserved but the
cropped resolutions will be obviously smaller than original
The detected images will
be shown in the small
tables. This button will
reload all images
Crop button crops all
images in the current
set (max 6)
Crop All button crops
images in the entire
sets
The percentage of
crop is calculated
from the center of
the image. Ratio of
original image is
preserved. The value
can be manually
entered by the user
To switch between
different sets
The images can be
restored as single
files too by right click

10. Image Crop Window
Note: A Preview Crop Box can be seen over the images during universal crop operation
Note: When the images are shown for the first time after loading this crop window, the cropped folder is emptied and recreated
(so make a backup before going BACK to sort window if required).
The Crop Region Preview
Back and Next button. Next
Button does the book
keeping (updating of excel
file)
The Restore Image Button:
deletes all cropped image
in all the sets and shows
original images
The Show images button is
not important since images
are always shown after
update.

11. Image Crop Window
Note: The images are stretched to view. The table view is therefore not a good representation of the original image resolution.
Once Crop applied, the
buttons are inactive.
And the border of
corresponding image
disappears.
DoubleClick the
images for custom
crop operation
After crop operation,
images are displayed in
correct aspect ratio

12. Image Crop Window
Note: The crop rectangle resolution can be deduced from the start and end corner coordinates.
Note: The manually cropped regions will be excepted from further universal crop changes
Origin
The ROI Window
can customize
crop area
Manual Crop Selection
Rectangle
Original image can be
brought back anytime
Location of crop area
top right and bottom
left coordinate
Press OK to apply
changes. Cancel to not
apply the change

13. Third Tab - Image Exposure Window
Note: Contrast Change can remove the ‘depth’ sensitivity of the image. Brightness is the only suggested enhancement tool for
porosity detection
Back and Next button. Next
Button does the book keeping
(updating of excel file)
The images all are shown by
default once we enter this
window
To restore all the
images
This part has been
changed after update
(note that this is the
new layout, not
updated in all slides)

14. Image Exposure Window
Note: While recording the manual enhancements by slider adjustment, note the number of steps along with the digits, since the
effect is cumulative.
Note: Any changes in image are updated as a separate file in the “Enhanced” folder in destination directory.
Brightness, Contrast
and Noise can be
altered based on the
selection
The slider is a elastic tool which
applies the increase or decrease
of selected enhancement based
on present value
This is the value of increase or
decrease of the last enhanced
value. In case the user wants to
record the changes.
Right click over images
brings in the context
menu: “Histogram” or
“Show Image” window
can be selected (they
also reflect the dynamic
changes)
Default DoubleClick on
the images in this part
brings the image
histogram. Multiple
tabs of the same set
can be opened side by
side to compare
changes
These button are not important
during manual enhancements

15. Image Exposure Window
Note: Once selected, user has to click the button again (name of the selected enhancement automatically replaces the button) to
apply the corresponding changes. This is valid for all except “Selective Equalization” where the option simply changes the method of
interaction upon selection.
Auto Enhancement right or left click brings
four options. Each of them are described in
subsequent slides
Once an Auto
Enhancement mode is
selected, user has to
press “select” button
which has the
corresponding mode
as its new text
This is the button
indicator for reference
image (valid for the
first 3 modes of auto
enhancement)
Reference Image is the
universal reference
during each mode. All
the other images
(including all the sets)
are changed
accordingly

16. Image Exposure Window
Each time an enhancement
mode is reselected or changed,
to application prompts user to
revert previous changes. This is
to make sure that the image
worked on is the original image
and enhancements are not
added to the previous
Note: All the automatic image equalization techniques (except selective equalization) is global. The reference image can be selected
from any different sets.
Show images restores original
images. The image save property
in this window is “dynamic”.
Which means that whatever
seen in the preview panes are
the saved images in the
corresponding
DestinationEnhanced folder.

17. Histogram Equalization
• The average value of the histogram in the reference image is compared with the average value in
histogram of the target image one by one. A fitting of histogram is trying to fit the intensities to the
existing histogram.
• The process has the disadvantage that the histogram rearranged can cause shift in both brightness and
contrast during redistribution of pixel intensities
Reference
Target Example

18. Resize Equalization
• This is simulating a manual approach. When we down-scale an image, the nearest pixels surrounding
central pixels are compressed using interpolation in steps (if we increase the number of steps, we get
variation in results). Here this is followed in single step till a 1X1 pixel is reached. The final pixel brightness
is then used to compare against a similarly generated target image 1X1 pixel.
• The resulting image is shifted left or right. The steps can b additionally modified if required
(*development)
Reference
Target Example

19. Absolute Equalization
• This is a common acceptable practice, where the average brightness is simply equalized. Since we use a
library function that has limited functions to “get” the gradient in brightness as a measure of pixels, we
apply trial and error to generate final brightness-varied images.
• Important for the user is that there only brightness shifts, and average brightness is equalized better after
the operation
Reference
Target Example

20. Selective Equalization
• The purpose here is to adapt a phase and its surrounding to similar phase in the target image. The first
step is to select a reference (Source) image. Once selected (tick box) it cannot be changed throughout that
process. But the Source can be reassigned if “selective equalization” is chosen again. Make sure not to
revert back the changes to keep the previous equalizations alive. The to-be-changed image is called Target
image.
• Double click or view the image to choose a pixel and kernel size (a square matrix surrounding the pixel).
• Kernel size can be varied by using mouse wheel (scroll)

21. • Similarly Target pixel point can be selected and kernel size chosen. After this Target button changes to
“Apply Enhancement”. If we wish to change the point click cancel and select the image again.
• Regardless of the effect, each time the image enhancement is applied on the original image with which
the process started. Only brightness variation is applied.
Target point chosen Enhancement Applied

22. Note: Enhanced images have more priority over cropped images, sot his means that the image files in enhanced folder can be
derived from cropped images.
Fourth Tab: Image Analyze Window
Source images (same
as destination image
location, if the files
were moved during
image sort)
The destination locations
are visualized as sorted
images based on after
determination of which
cropping/enhancement
was applied.
Right click on any
image or division
(Enhanced, Cropped,
or Original) to visit
folder.
The original purpose of this window is to
visualize all changes together and send
appropriate directories to ImageJ for
determining image properties.
Double click on files
to open them. Use
“Open Folder/File” to
open files or folders

23. Open with ImageJ
Note: Since the scale text and lengths can slightly vary even among same magnification.
The auto Generated Macro file has a random value of text and length corresponding to
any of the image file under that magnification folder
Upon sending a FILE to ImageJ, the
file is loaded with corresponding
scales
If instead a FOLDER is sent, then
the “import as sequence”
command is generated from the
macro
When No scale values were
detected from the excel file
image_data.xlsx: A message is
printed
The text file “arguments” is placed
inside the Application directory has
details of the information send to
the ImageJ macro. You can always
make a change in this macro and
run it using ImageJ macro load
directly.
Only individual image files
under each tab or
files/folders under the title
“Finished (ImageJ ready)”
can be send to ImageJ