Algae (1) PPT BY Dr.Pinky Diwedi

1. Living World
B.sc. I year, M.Sc. I sem. Unit-I
Dr. Pinky Dwivedi

2. Living World
.Plants
.Animals
.Micro organisms
Plants-cell wall, chloroplast(autotrophic)
Animals- Heterotrophic
Micro organism- Hetero/auto trophic

3. PLANT KINGDOM
.Algae
.Fungi
.Bryophyta cryptogams
.Pteridophyta
.Gymnosperms
.Angiosperms phanerogams

4. CELL STRUCTURE
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

5. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
• Chlorophyllous
• Autotrophic
• Simple structure- thalloid
• Cell wall – cellulose
• Vascular system- absent
• Unjacketed sex organs-simple, unicellular
• Gametes – zygote
• Embryo- absent

6. ALGAE
.Aquatic
.fresh water
.marine
.Green
.Simple structure
.unicellular
.multicellular

8. MULTICELLULAR ALGAE

13. ALGAL CELL - ULTRASTRUCTURE

14. HABITAT
• Aquatic –
.fresh water- Chara-still water
Cladophora-running water
.marine - Ectocarpus
Polysiphonia
. Snow algae- Chlamydomonas yellowstonensis
. Lithophytic - Sargassum

15. • Thermophytic - Synechococcus
• Epiphytic algea –Coleochaete,Cladophora
• Parasitic algae- Cephlaeuros
• Endozoic algae- Zoochlorella(Hydra)
• Symbiotic algae-Lichen
• terrestrial algae- Vaucheria, Fritschella
• Halophytic algea - Stephanoptera

16. PIGMENTS
. Chlorophyll pigment – chl.a, chl.b, chl.c ,chl.e
chl.a present in all classes
. Carotenoid pigment- xanthophyll , carotene
. Protein pigments - r-phycoerythrin,r-phycocyanin
c-phycoerythrin,c-phycocyanin

17. Reproduction
• 3 modes of reproduction
. vegetative
. Asexual
. Sexual
Vegetative – fragmentation, bulbils, amylum
stars

18. Asexual – means of spores
.Zoospores – favourable conditions,
. .unicellular- Chlamydomonas
`

19. Multicellular – zoosporangium
Oedogonium,Vaucheria

21. Autospores – Chlorella
Cysts formation – Vaucheria
Endospores – polysiphonia(tetraspores)

22. Sexual reproduction
.isogamous
.Anisogamous
.Oogamous

23. Isogamous reproduction

24. Anisogamous reproduction

26. Oogamous reproduction

27. LIFE CYCLE PATTERNS
Haplontic – oedogonium,spirogyra

28. Diplontic- sargassum

29. Diplohaplontic – Ectocarpus

30. Haplobiontic – Batrachospermum

31. Diplobiontic – Polysiphonia

32. CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE
• Linneaus,1773 –
Cryptogamia(Liverworts,lichens,algae,fungi)
• Vaucher,1803 – first to propose system of
classification for algae- three groups
Conferves
Ulves
Tremelles
. Link 1820 – on basis of pigment and structure

33. • Harvey,1836 – on the basis of habitat and
pigment –
Chlorospermae
Melanospermae
Rodospermae
Around 1880 algae in fungi in Thallophyta
(Eichler 1836)

34. • Engler and Prantle,1912 – fungi derived from
algae so included in it
1. Schizophyta
2. Flagellata
3. Phytosarcodina
4. Dinoflagellata
5. Bacillariophyta
6. Conjugatae
7. Chlorophyceae
8. Charophyta
9. Phaeophycae
10. Rhodophyceae
11. Eumycetes two more

35. • Tilden,1933 – on basis of reserved food
material , flagella and pigments
1. Chlorophyceae
2. Myxophyceae
3 . Rodophyceae
4. Phaeophyceae
5. Chrysophyceae

36. • Fritsch, 1935 – on basis of
pigments in the plastids
chemical nature of reserved food
kind, number and insertion of flagella
1. Chlrophyceae - chl.a, chl.b
2. Xanthophyceae – chl.a , chl.e
3. Chrysophyceae – chl.a
4. Bacillariophyceae – chl.a , chl.c
5. Cryptophyceae – chl.a , chl.c
6. Dinophyceae – chl.a , chl.c
7. Chloromonadineae – chl.a , chl.c

37. 8. Euglenophyceae – chl.a , chl.b
9. Phaeophyceae – chl.a , chl.c
10. Rhodophyceae – chl.a , chl.d ,
r phycoerythrin,
r phycocyanin
11. Myxophyceae – chl.a , c phycoerythrin,
c-phycocyanin

38. • Reserved food
Chlorophyta,Cryptophyta – starch
Cyanophyta – Myxophycean starch and
glycogen
Rhodophyta – Cholestrol , floridean starch
Chrysophyta – Chrysolaminarin
Phaeophyta – mannitol and laminarin

39. • Flagella –
.Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta – Akontae
.Chlorophyta-2/4flagella,anterior,whiplash
isokontae
.Phaeophyta,Xanthophyta – 2,lateral flagella
heterokontae(whiplash and tinsel)
.Bacillarophyta – 1 anterior whiplash

40. • Smith,1951-55 7 division and 13 classes
1.CHLOROPHYTA 1.Chlorophyceae
2.Charophyceae
2.EUGLENOPHYTA 3.Euglenophyceae
3.PYRROPHYTA 4.Desmophyceae
5.Dinophyceae
4.CHRYSOPHYTA 6.Chrysophyceae
7.Xanthophyceae
8.Bacillariophyceae

41. 5.Phaeophyta- 9 Isogeneratae
10 Heterogeneratae
11 Cyclosporeae
6.Cyanophyta 12 Cyanophyceae
7.Rhodophyta 13 Rhodophyceae

42. Prescott,1969- pigments,biochemical nature
of cell wall & reserved food
material- 9 phyla, 14 classes
F.E.Round, 1973- presence or absence of
nucleus,
Groups- Prokaryota- Cyanophyta
Eukaryota- 7 phylums

43. Modern phycologists classify Algae into 11
Divisions-
1 Cyanophyta
2 Chlorophyta
3 Charophyta
4 Xanthophyta
5 Chrysophyta
6 Bacillariophyta
7 Pyrrophyta
8 Cryptophyta
9 Euglenophyta
10 Phaeophyta
11 Rhodophyta

44. Lewin,1977-new division Prochlorophyta between
Cyanophyta & Chlorophyta
1952-ICBN-International Council of Botanical
Nomenclature
Division- -phyta
SubDivision -phytina
Class -phyceae
Sub class -phycidae
Order -ales
Sub order -inales
Family -aceae