ENGLISH FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY

1. The
Petroleum
Programme
ENGLISH
FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY
Presented & Preparator by : M . Jalalvand
B.Sc. Petroleum Production Engineering
Member of Society of Petroleum Engineer (SPE)
Member of Iranian Petroleum Institute (IPI)
Member of BPJ

2. Unit 1
The Rig

3. Section A
Reading comprehension:
• Oil is contained in rocks under the ground and in
rocks under the sea. To find it, oilmen have to drill
boreholes. The equipment for drilling these holes is the
drilling rig.
• Most rigs work on the rotary system. A bit rotates at the
end of a pipe. As the bit rotates, it cuts and crushes the
rock at the Bottom of the hole. The cuttings are carried
to the surface by a special fluid. This fluid is called
‘mud’. Mud is a mixture of clay, water and chemicals.

4. Rotary Drilling Rig

5. • Look at the diagram of the rotary rig. Notice the string.
This is made up of ‘joint’ or ‘single’. Each joint or single
is a hallow section of pipe (30 ft). The string is made up
of a number of these singles, all joined together.
• The bit is connected to the bottom of the string. At the
top of the string there is a special pipe called the ‘Kelly.
The Kelly isn’t round, but hexagonal. It fits into a
hexagonal hole in the rotary table.
• The rotary table turns the Kelly, the Kelly turns the
string and the string turns the rotary bit.

6. • Mud is not only used for
carrying the cuttings up to the
surface. It is also used for
keeping the bit cool.
• The mud is pumped down
through the annulus. The mud
engineer or ‘mud man ‘is in
charge of the mud.
• For example, he tells the floor
men how to mix the mud at the
mud tanks.

7. • It is often necessary to pull the string out of the hole.
• There are different reasons for this. Perhaps, for example
the drill bit is dull.
• If the bit is dull, it must be changed. To do this, the
driller and the floor man must trip the pipe.

8. They must pull the string out
(a),
change the bit (b),
and then run the string back
into the Hole (c).
Tripping the pipe is also called
making a round trip.
Round trips are expensive.
Oilman makes them only if
they must.
a b
c

9. Special Words & Expression 1
• Boreholes In the petroleum industry , the words ‘borehole’ ,’hole’ ,’well’ and ‘oil well’ usually mean
the same thing .
• Rotary turning like a wheel.
• Rotates turns around and around like a wheel.
• Crushes breaks up into small pieces, using great power.
• Cutting the pieces of rock drilled by the bit.
• Fluid anything that flows. Liquids, gases and melted substances are all fluids.
• Clay an earthy material, plastic when it is wet.
• The most common clay in drilling fluid is Bentonite. Bentonite consists of calcium (ca),
magnesium (Mg), and aluminum (Al).
• Hollow having an empty space on the inside.
• Drill pipe is hollow, so that mud can pass through it.

10. • Hexagonal having six angles and six sides.
• Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller
can tell a floor man what to do.
• Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed.
• Driller the person in charge of the drilling.
• Floor men workers on a rig .floor man are also called ‘roughnecks’. A mud man or driller
can tell a floor man what to do
• Dull not sharp; worn out; gone. If the bit is gone, it must be changed.
• Driller the person in charge of the drilling.
Cross section
Cross section
A hexagon

11. 1)Mud Tank
‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬ ‫مخزن‬
‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬ ‫سازي‬ ‫ذخيره‬ ‫جهت‬ ‫كه‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫قابل‬ ‫فلزي‬ ‫مخازن‬
‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬ ‫جهت‬ ‫چاله‬ ‫حفر‬ ‫امكان‬ ‫كه‬ ‫مكانهايي‬ ‫در‬
‫گردد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫مقدورنباشد‬.
2)Shale Shakers
‫تكاننده‬
‫كه‬ ‫است‬ ‫پيوسته‬ ‫خطي‬ ‫لرزشي‬ ‫حركت‬ ‫داراييك‬ ‫تكاننده‬‫براي‬
‫گيرد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫قرار‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫مورد‬ ‫گل‬ ‫از‬ ‫جامد‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫جداسازي‬.
3)Suction line
‫مكش‬ ‫خط‬
‫قسمت‬ ‫به‬ ‫و‬ ‫كرده‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫مخزن‬ ‫از‬ ‫را‬ ‫محصول‬ ‫يك‬ ‫كه‬ ‫خطي‬
‫ش‬ ‫مي‬ ‫ناميده‬ ‫پركننده‬ ‫خط‬ ‫همچنين‬ ،‫فرستد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫پمپ‬ ‫مكش‬‫ود‬.
4)Mud Pump
‫گل‬ ‫پمپ‬
‫حف‬ ‫گل‬ ‫گردش‬ ‫براي‬ ‫كه‬ ‫بزرگي‬ ‫برگشتي‬ ‫و‬ ‫رفت‬ ‫پمپ‬‫بر‬ ‫اري‬
‫شود‬ ‫مي‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫دكل‬ ‫روي‬.

12. • 7) Draw work
‫دكل‬ ‫آالت‬ ‫ماشين‬
، ‫برق‬ ‫تامين‬ ، ‫كالچها‬ ، ‫محور‬ ، ‫كابل‬ ، ‫باالبر‬ ‫محور‬ ‫براي‬ ‫جمعي‬ ‫نام‬
‫شود‬ ‫مي‬ ‫استفاده‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫دكل‬ ‫در‬ ‫كه‬ ‫االت‬ ‫ماسين‬ ‫ساير‬ ‫و‬ ‫ترمزها‬.
• 8) Stand Pipe
‫ايستا‬ ‫لوله‬
‫باال‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫تيرك‬ ‫يا‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫دكل‬ ‫كناره‬ ‫درامتداد‬ ‫كه‬ ‫عمودي‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫يك‬‫مي‬
‫و‬ ‫ميكند‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫چرخشي‬ ‫خرطومي‬ ‫به‬ ‫را‬ ‫لجن‬ ‫پمپ‬ ‫خروجي‬ ‫خط‬ ‫و‬ ‫رود‬
‫شود‬ ‫مي‬ ‫پمپ‬ ‫گودال‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫به‬ ‫لجن‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ازدرون‬.
• 9) Kelly hose/Rotary hose
‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬ ‫خرطومي‬ ‫شيلنگ‬
‫ت‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫از‬ ‫كه‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫سيال‬ ‫كه‬ ‫دوراني‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫دكل‬ ‫روي‬ ‫شيلنگي‬‫لمبه‬
‫چندپر‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫و‬ ‫هرزگرد‬ ‫سمت‬ ‫به‬ ‫ايستاده‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫و‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬‫مي‬
‫كند‬ ‫مي‬ ‫هدايت‬ ‫را‬ ‫روند‬.
• 10) Gooseneck
‫زانويي‬
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7

13. • 11) Travelling block
‫متحرک‬ ‫بلوک‬
‫پيچ‬ ‫آن‬ ‫به‬ ‫حفاری‬ ‫کابل‬ ‫که‬ ‫ها‬ ‫قرقره‬ ‫چرخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫قرقره‬ ‫از‬ ‫آرايش‬ ‫يک‬‫يده‬
‫شود‬ ‫می‬.
• Hook
‫قالب‬
• 12) Drilling line
‫حفاري‬ ‫كابل‬
• 13) Crown block
‫تاج‬ ‫بلوک‬
• 14) Derrick
‫دكل‬(‫حفاري‬ ‫سكوي‬)
• 15) Monkey board
‫زياد‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫در‬ ‫كاري‬ ‫پالتفرم‬
‫حفاري‬ ‫دكل‬ ‫كارگران‬ ‫به‬ ‫مربوط‬ ‫كاري‬ ‫سكوي‬
• 16) Drill Pipe
‫حفاري‬ ‫لوله‬
11
16
13

14. • Drill collar
‫مته‬ ‫طوق‬(‫وزني‬ ‫لوله‬)
• 17) Pipe Rack
‫لوله‬ ‫جاي‬
• 18) Swivel
‫گردان‬ ‫مفصل‬
‫کاربردها‬. :‫حفاری‬ ‫ساقه‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫تحمل‬,‫چرخش‬ ‫و‬ ‫دوران‬ ‫امکان‬ ‫ايجاد‬
‫حفاری‬ ‫ساقه‬
• 20) Rotary table/Drilling table
‫حفاري‬ ‫ميز‬/‫دوار‬ ‫صفحه‬
18
20
17

15. • Rotary
‫دورانی‬ ‫چرخشی‬
‫يک‬ ‫حول‬ ‫دورانی‬ ‫حرکت‬ ‫دورانی‬ ‫حرکت‬ ‫با‬ ‫آن‬ ‫در‬ ‫که‬ ‫است‬ ‫حفاری‬ ‫متد‬
‫کند‬ ‫می‬ ‫خرد‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫سنگ‬ ‫محور‬.
• 23) Blowout Preventer (BOP)
‫فوران‬ ‫از‬ ‫كننده‬ ‫ممانعت‬
• 25) Drill string
‫حفاري‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫رشته‬
‫سرمت‬ ‫آنها‬ ‫انتهاي‬ ‫در‬ ‫كه‬ ‫باشد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫يكديگر‬ ‫به‬ ‫متصل‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫شامل‬‫ه‬
‫است‬ ‫گرفته‬ ‫قرار‬.

16. • 26) Drill bit
‫مته‬ ‫سر‬
• Drilling mud
‫حفاري‬ ‫گل‬
‫كند‬ ‫مي‬ ‫گردش‬ ‫چاه‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫كه‬ ‫ديگر‬ ‫افزودني‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫و‬ ‫آب‬ ‫از‬ ‫مخلوطي‬.
‫حفاري‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫خرده‬ ‫انتقال‬ ، ‫مته‬ ‫سر‬ ‫سازي‬ ‫خنك‬ ‫مخلوط‬ ‫اين‬ ‫وظيفه‬
‫و‬ ‫چاه‬ ‫ديواره‬ ‫ريزش‬ ‫از‬ ‫جلوگيري‬ ، ‫ها‬ ‫صخره‬ ‫و‬ ‫ها‬ ‫سنگ‬ ‫از‬ ‫شده‬
‫باشد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫هيدروكربوني‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫فوران‬ ‫كردن‬ ‫دفع‬.
• Mud pit
‫گل‬ ‫گودال‬
‫حين‬ ‫در‬ ‫ها‬ ‫سيال‬ ‫موقت‬ ‫ذخيره‬ ‫براي‬ ‫زمين‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫در‬ ‫كه‬ ‫اي‬ ‫چاله‬
‫است‬ ‫شده‬ ‫كنده‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫عمليات‬.
• Mud Return Line
‫لجن‬ ‫برگشت‬ ‫خط‬(‫الي‬ ‫و‬ ‫گل‬)
‫و‬ ‫چاه‬ ‫سوراخ‬ ‫در‬ ‫سطحي‬ ‫اتصاالت‬ ‫مابين‬ ‫كه‬ ‫لوله‬ ‫يا‬ ‫آبشخور‬ ‫يك‬
‫لجن‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ميان‬ ‫از‬ ‫و‬ ‫گردد‬ ‫مي‬ ‫مستقر‬ ‫زا‬ ‫نفت‬ ‫هاي‬ ‫سنگ‬ ‫لرزاننده‬
‫ميشود‬ ‫بازگردانده‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫به‬ ‫سوراخ‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫از‬ ‫حفاري‬ ‫از‬ ‫حاصل‬.
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