Inner Planets Astronomy Lesson PowerPoint, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,

2. http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Website Link:

11. • This unit will also cover.. • Learning the Inner Planets • The Habitable Zone • Astronomical Units • Focus on Mercury • Focus on Venus • Focus on Earth • Axial Tilt / Seasons • Synchronous Orbit of the Moon • Phases of the Moon

20. • This unit will also cover.. • Tidal Forces • The Apollo Missions • Focus on Mars • Exploration of Mars • Space Race • Rocketry • Space Shuttle Program • Forces in Rocketry • Parts of a Rocket • Building Soda Bottle Rockets

25. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn.

26. • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

61. On the next slide, teacher to minimize out of slideshow and assist students in dragging inner planets to their correct order.

66. Answer:

67. Answer:

95. How units in astronomy are measured, Learn More: http://www.telescope.org/nuffield_21_sci/astrounits.htm

107. • What planet am I? I am about 9.5 AU from the sun.

108. • What planet am I? I am about 9.5 AU from the sun.

109. • What planet am I? I am about .7 AU from the sun.

112. • Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth,

113. • What’s inside?

114. • Activity! Gathering information about the Sun and the Inner Planets. – Please create two pages in your journal of the next slide. – Please Google “Virtual Tour Solar System” – Record important factoids about each of the inner planets. – The more information the better. • 5 would be the absolute minimal per planet.

115. • Mercury: Searching for facts online. – Search “Virtual Tour Mercury” – http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science /space/solar-system/mercury-article.html – http://www.wwiaviation.com/wavelength/merc ury.html – http://www.space.com/mercury/ – http://www.seasky.org/solar-system/solar- system-intro.html

116. • Activity! Visit the websites about Venus and record information for the unit assessment. • http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar- system/mercury-article.html • http://www.wwiaviation.com/wavelength/venus.html • http://www.space.com/venus/http://nineplanets.org/venus.html • http://www.solarspace.co.uk/Venus/venus.php

117. • Activity Sheet Available: Research Inner Planets.

124. THE SUN

125. THE SUN Mercury

126. THE SUN Mercury Venus

127. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth

128. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars

129. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars

130. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt

131. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt

132. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth.

133. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Mercury is a small, rocky planet. ~ Mercury has been visited by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Mariner 10 has mapped a little less than half (45%) of Mercury's surface. ~ Scientists think that there may be *volcanic activity* on Mercury. They are still studying information sent to Earth from the Mariner spacecraft to make sure. ~ The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth.

134. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Mercury is a small, rocky planet. ~ Mercury has been visited by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Mariner 10 has mapped a little less than half (45%) of Mercury's surface. ~ Scientists think that there may be *volcanic activity* on Mercury. They are still studying information sent to Earth from the Mariner spacecraft to make sure. ~ The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot* for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan. The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth.

135. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Mercury is a small, rocky planet. ~ Mercury has been visited by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Mariner 10 has mapped a little less than half (45%) of Mercury's surface. ~ Scientists think that there may be *volcanic activity* on Mercury. They are still studying information sent to Earth from the Mariner spacecraft to make sure. ~ The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot* for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan. Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core") may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat. Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon. The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth.

136. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Mercury is a small, rocky planet. ~ Mercury has been visited by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Mariner 10 has mapped a little less than half (45%) of Mercury's surface. ~ Scientists think that there may be *volcanic activity* on Mercury. They are still studying information sent to Earth from the Mariner spacecraft to make sure. ~ The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot* for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan. Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core") may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat. Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon. Mars is a small, rocky planet which is cold and lifeless. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965. Several others followed including the two Viking landers in 1976. After a long break, Mars Pathfinder landed successfully on Mars on July 4, 1997. ~ Mars has permanent ice caps at both poles made up mostly of solid carbon dioxide. We know this as "dry ice." ~ Very strong winds and vast dust storms sometimes blow through the entire planet for months! ~ Mars has two tiny moons which orbit very close to the surface. Their names are Phobos and Deimos. The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth.

138. THE SUN Mercury Venus Earth Mars Asteroid Belt Mercury is a small, rocky planet. ~ Mercury has been visited by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Mariner 10 has mapped a little less than half (45%) of Mercury's surface. ~ Scientists think that there may be *volcanic activity* on Mercury. They are still studying information sent to Earth from the Mariner spacecraft to make sure. ~ The temperature on Mercury ranges from 90 K to 700 K. Venus is a small, rocky planetblanketed in a thick layer of yellowish clouds. These clouds are not made of water (like the ones here on Earth). Instead, they are formed from a poison called sulfuric acid. ~ Venus' surface is very hot - about 400 degrees Celsius! ~ Even though Venus is very cloudy, it's simply *too hot* for rain to form. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962. Venus has since been visited by more than 20 spacecraft in all so far! Some of these visiting spacecraft include: Pioneer Venus, Venera 7, Venera 9 and Magellan. Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets in this respect. ~ Temperatures at the Earth's center (called the "core") may be as high as 7500 K - That's hotter than the surface of the Sun! ~ The Earth is the densest major body in the solar system. This means that it's the most "compact" of all the planets. For example, you have two loaves of bread, both of the same amount. You smash one loaf of bread flat. Even though both loaves are of the same amount, the smashed bread is *denser* because it is more compact. The Earth is 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old, but the oldest known rocks are less than 4 billion years old. Rocks older than 3 billion years are rare. The oldest fossils of living organisms are less than 3.9 billion years old! ~ The Earth is orbited by one moon. Mars is a small, rocky planet which is cold and lifeless. ~ The first spacecraft to visit Mars was Mariner 4 in 1965. Several others followed including the two Viking landers in 1976. After a long break, Mars Pathfinder landed successfully on Mars on July 4, 1997. ~ Mars has permanent ice caps at both poles made up mostly of solid carbon dioxide. We know this as "dry ice." ~ Very strong winds and vast dust storms sometimes blow through the entire planet for months! ~ Mars has two tiny moons which orbit very close to the surface. Their names are Phobos and Deimos. The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System. All energy for our solar system comes from the sun. Check out the Corona Ejections The Sun is, at present, about 70% hydrogen and 28% helium by mass everything else ("metals") amounts to less than 2%. The sun is approximately 93 million miles from Earth. http://science.nationalgeographic .com/science/space/solar- system/mercury-article.html

142. • Mercury: Searching for facts online. – Search “Virtual Tour Mercury” – http://www.wwiaviation.com/wavelength/mercury.html – http://www.space.com/mercury/ – http://www.seasky.org/solar-system/solar-system-intro.html

144. Mercury has little to no atmosphere and is heavily cratered

155. • The Caloris Basin. Largest known crater in the solar system.

159. First probe to gather information on this innermost planet

160. First probe to gather information on this innermost planet March 29, 1974

168. If you weighed 100 lbs on Earth, you would weigh 38 pounds on Mercury

188. • Forget about the planets temperature and lack of atmosphere… – Would you want to go school for a day on Mercury?

189. • Forget about the planets temperature and lack of atmosphere… – Would you want to go school for a day on Mercury? One Day on Mercury =

190. • Forget about the planets temperature and lack of atmosphere… – Would you want to go school for a day on Mercury? One Day on Mercury = 58 days, 15 hours on Earth.

191. • In 2012, Ice was discovered at the pole in places permanently shielded from the sun.

201. • Video Link! Surface of Mercury (Optional) – Nice video that shows how surface data is collected. – Can be music / video during research gathering in several slides. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qLstq-vuppQ

202. • Mercury – Close to the sun with no moons. – Little to no atmosphere (heavily cratered) – In the Sun the temperatures can reach 800 F or 420 C, – In the shade, the temperatures can drop to -279 F, -173 C – 88 day year (travels very fast) – 1407 hour day (Very Long Day) Mercury Information: Learn more: http://nineplanets.org/mercury.html

209. • Activity! Visit the websites about Venus and record information for the unit assessment. – http://www.wwiaviation.com/wavelength/venus.ht ml – http://www.space.com/venus/http://nineplanets.or g/venus.html – http://www.solarspace.co.uk/Venus/venus.php – http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Venus/VenusP lanet.html

211. • Venus Symbol

213. • Brightest object in the sky besides the sun and moon.

214. • Brightest object in the sky besides the sun and moon. Morning Star / Evening Star

215. • Where is Venus?

216. • Where is Venus? answer is…

221. • Which planet is larger, Venus or Earth?

226. • Venus is the closest planet to earth.

227. • How fun would it be to visit Venus?

236. “I can’t breathe.” “It burns.”

241. • Venus would not be a planet that you would want to visit.

242. • Venus would not be a planet that you would want to visit. – You would burn up!

243. • Venus would not be a planet that you would want to visit. – You would burn up! – The atmosphere is toxic!

244. • Venus would not be a planet that you would want to visit. – You would burn up! – The atmosphere is toxic! – The pressure would crush you!

245. • Thick Clouds created a mystery for many years.

253. • The surface of Venus is rather smooth in many places. – However, astronomers have found evidence for many of the same geological features found on Earth: canyons, volcanoes, lava flows, rift valleys, mountains, craters, and plains.

254. • The surface of Venus is rather smooth in many places. – However, astronomers have found evidence for many of the same geological features found on Earth: canyons, volcanoes, lava flows, rift valleys, mountains, craters, and plains. However, astronomers have found evidence for many of the same geological features found on Earth: canyons, volcanoes, lava flows, rift valleys, mountains, craters, and plains.

255. • Elevation image of Venus

256. • Elevation image of Venus

257. • Elevation image of Venus If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth,

258. • Elevation image of Venus If you weigh 100 pounds on Earth, you would weigh 88 pounds on Venus.

262. • Picture of Maat Mons, – The largest volcano on Venus

265. • Picture of Maat Mons, – The largest volcano on Venus Note: no evidence that Maat Mons is currently active.

268. • Canyons on Venus,

269. • Canyons on Venus, – Not as deep as the Grand Canyon.

274. Day on Venus = 243 Earth Days

275. Day on Venus = 243 Earth Days Year on Venus = 224.7 Earth Days

278. • Video! Visiting the surface of Venus. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ro- EG0ZCvKE

279. • Video Link! Venus: A fly by tour (Animation) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqFVxWfVtoo

280. • Video Link: Recent lava flow from a volcano on Venus. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHqPpz7vXn U&feature=fvst

281. • Video Link! (Optional) Venus and Mercury, – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=73VZT6kj2 UA (44:16 minutes)

282. Some Facts about Venus VENUS Distance from Sun 108 million km (67 million miles) 0.72 AU (Earth=1 AU) Length of Day 243 Earth days Length of Year 224.7 Earth days Temperature 462º degrees Celsius Day or Night. 894º F

285. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, air, – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

286. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, air, – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

287. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air. – Largest of the inner planets – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

288. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air. – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

294. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air, – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation.

297. • Earth – Only planet known to support life. – Complex system of land, water, and air, – Largest of the inner planets. – Densest planet in the solar system. – Oceans (liquid water) can exist. – Atmosphere, 78% Nitrogen and 21% oxygen, shields from radiation and keeps the planet’s temperature just right. – Inner core helps create a magnetic field which protects the planet from radiation. The earths EM field may be fading: Reading Article from National Geographic http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/0 9/0909_040909_earthmagfield.html

299. Some Facts about Earth Earth Distance from Sun 93,000,000 miles or 149,597,891 km Length of Day 23 hours 56 minutes Length of Year 365 Days, 6 hours, 16 minutes Temperature 15°C Average. Hottest 70.7°C Coldest -89.2 C

300. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus?

301. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different?

302. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here?

303. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here?

304. • Thought Question about Earth? – What if the Earth rotated on its axis once every 243 days like on Venus? How would plants grow? What would we eat? How hot would it get in the summer? How cold in the winter? Would the poles freeze? How would winds and weather be different? Would we even be here? The answer is no.

305. • Symbol for Earth.

307. • Which is the shape of Earth?

308. • Which is the shape of Earth? answer is…

309. • Which is the shape of Earth? answer is…

312. If you weighed a 100 lbs on this planet? You would weigh 100 pounds

315. • Earth Available Sheet, Formation, Seasons, EM Field, Phases of the Moon.

317. • How did the moon get here / form?

318. • Theories on how moon was formed? – The Fission Theory: The Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the Solar System. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. – The Capture Theory: The Moon was formed somewhere else, and was later captured by the gravitational field of the earth. – The Condensation Theory: The Moon and the Earth condensed together from the original nebula that formed the Solar System. – The Colliding Planetesimals Theory: The interaction of earth- orbiting and Sun-orbiting planetesimals (very large chunks of rocks like asteroids) early in the history of the Solar System led to their breakup. The Moon condensed from this debris. – The Ejected Ring Theory: A planetesimal the size of Mars struck the earth, ejecting large volumes of matter. A disk of orbiting material was formed, and this matter eventually condensed to form the Moon in orbit around the earth.

319. • Theories on how moon was formed? – The Fission Theory: The Moon was once part of the Earth and somehow separated from the Earth early in the history of the Solar System. The present Pacific Ocean basin is the most popular site for the part of the Earth from which the Moon came. – The Capture Theory: The Moon was formed somewhere else, and was later captured by the gravitational field of the earth. – The Condensation Theory: The Moon and the Earth condensed together from the original nebula that formed the Solar System. – The Colliding Planetesimals Theory: The interaction of earth- orbiting and Sun-orbiting planetesimals (very large chunks of rocks like asteroids) early in the history of the Solar System led to their breakup. The Moon condensed from this debris. – The Ejected Ring Theory: A planetesimal the size of Mars struck the earth, ejecting large volumes of matter. A disk of orbiting material was formed, and this matter eventually condensed to form the Moon in orbit around the earth.

349. Theories on moon formation, Learn more: http://www.universetoday.com/47996/how- was-the-moon-formed/

352. • Video Link! Formation of the moon. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibV4MdN5wo0

353. • Video Link! Formation of the Moon – Longer Version – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8P5ujNwEwM

354. • It’s warmer in summer time because… – A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer. – B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter. – C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer. – D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time. – E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

355. • It’s warmer in summer time because… – A.) The sun increases its energy during the summer. – B.) The earth is closer to the sun in the summer and further away in the winter. – C.) The greenhouse effect is intensified as plants grow more in the summer. – D.) The axial tilt of the planet at 23.5º causes the seasons as more direct light hits our area of the planet during this time. – E.) Ocean currents from the polar regions do not flow south during the summer.

374. The Sun Closer in the Winter

375. The Sun Closer in the Winter The Sun Is further away in summer

377. More Direct

378. More Direct Less Direct

379. More Direct Less Direct Glancing Winter

380. More Direct Less Direct Glancing Summer Winter

381. • The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky.

382. • The axial tilt causes the sun to be lower in the sky. – The length of the day is also shorter during winter in the Northern hemisphere.

399. • Activity Link! Watch video and conduct activity if desired. (Optional) – http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/video/2012/no v/02/science-demonstration-changing-seasons- video1

400. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice)

401. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date has the shortest day?

404. • The winter solstice

405. • The winter solstice

406. • The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

407. • The winter solstice is the moment when the earth is at a point in its orbit where one hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun. – Shortest day and longest night of the year (Around December 21st)

410. • Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice. 24 sec video at.. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYyydFSrq2Q

411. • Diagram showing Stonehenge at the beginning of the summer solstice. –

412. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date do you feel has the longest day of the year?

413. • Solstice: Either the shortest day of the year (winter solstice) or the longest day of the year (summer solstice) What date do you feel has the longest day of the year? Summer solstice is when axial tilt is most inclined towards the sun (June 21st ish)

416. • This is a 2,300 year old solar observatory in Peru.

419. • Video Link! Winter Solstice at Newgrange in Ireland (Optional) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngADMns8W78

420. • Is this a winter solstice or summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere?

424. • Which is winter solstice in the northern hemisphere and which is summer solstice?

432. • Equinox: Either of the two times each year (about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator.

433. • Equinox: Either of the two times each year (about March 21 and September 23) when the sun crosses the equator. – Day and night are everywhere on earth equal in length.

434. • Equinox: When the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of equal length

435. • Which is, equinox, winter solstice in the northern hemisphere, and which is summer solstice?

444. • Which letter is the winter solstice, equinox, and which is the summer solstice?

452. West East North South

453. West East North South

454. West East North South Dec 21st

455. West East North South Dec 21st March 21

456. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21

457. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Winter Solstice

458. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice

462. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer.

463. West East North South Dec 21st March 21 June 21 Summer Solstice Winter Solstice Zenith: The point on the celestial sphere vertically above a given position or observer. Spring Equinox

466. Name the season for Mr. Pink

482. Northern Hemisphere

486. More direct light

497.  The tilt of the earth’s axis 23.5 degrees Summer = Northern Hemisphere is tilted into more direct light. Winter = Northern Hemisphere tilts away from the direct light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

507. • Seasons simulator (Optional) and Quiz – http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/007299181x/student_view0/chapter 2/seasons_interactive.html

508. • The season are caused by three factors.

509. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun.

510. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun. 2.) Tilt of the Earths axis

511. • The season are caused by three factors. 1.) Revolution of Earth around the Sun. 2.) Tilt of the Earths axis 3.) Parallelism of the axis.

514. I“I’ve graduated college.”

515. I “It’s summer because the Earth is closer to the Sun!”

516. I “It’s summer because the Earth is closer to the Sun!”

517. I“What?”

520. Learn more about the seasons and axial tilt at… http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate /cli_seasons.html

521. • Video Link! What causes the seasons? – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NweLxtmnzv4

522. • Video Link! Axial Tilt Khan Academy – Optional (Advanced) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05qDIjKevJo

523. • You can now complete this question.

534. • Visit a magnetic field simulator. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/mag nets-and-electromagnets

536. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field.

537. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. EM Field refers to Electromagnetic

538. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. EM Field refers to Electromagnetic

539. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. – Pass out a paper plate to everyone. – Draw a Earth about the size of a golf ball in the center. – Spread iron filings all around the plate.

540. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. – Spread iron filings all around the plate. – From below, place a magnet beneath the earth and record the magnetic field that is created.

541. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. – Spread iron filings all around the plate. – From below, place a magnet beneath the earth and record the magnetic field that is created. – Sketch the magnetic field / directions of the iron filings.

544. • Activity! Drawing the earth’s EM Field. – Spread iron filings all around the plate. – From below, place a magnet beneath the earth and record the magnetic field that is created. – Sketch the magnetic field / directions of the iron filings. Copy your sketch into you science journal and label as the EM Field

545. • Electromagnetic field protects the earth from charged particles. – It also creates the Aurora borealis (Northern Lights)

549. Earths EM field. Learn more: http://image.gsfc.nasa.gov/poetry/ magnetism/magnetism.html

550. • Video Link. Aurora borealis – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcfWsj9OnsI – It needs music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPFr1nVwwsA

551.  New Area of Focus: The

552.  New Area of Focus: The Moon

553. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon

554. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon Earth

555. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon Earth Moon

556. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon Earth Moon

557. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon Earth Moon If you're measuring the center-to-center distance from the earth to the Moon, the distance would be about 384,403 kilometers/238,857 miles.

558. • Real Scale of Earth and Moon Earth Moon If you're measuring the center-to-center distance from the earth to the Moon, the distance would be about 384,403 kilometers/238,857 miles. Activity! If you want to see the size and scale the earth could be a basketball and the moon a tennis ball and the distance between the two would be 6.4 meters or 21 feet.

562. • Are you ready to see the other side of the moon?

563. • Are you ready to see the other side of the moon? I can’t hear you….

564. • Are you ready to see the other side of the moon? I can’t hear you….

566. • What direction does the moon rotate? • The same or opposite as earth.

567. • What direction does the moon rotate? • The same or opposite as earth. Answer:

569. • It takes the moon the same amount of time to rotate around once as it does for the moon to go around the earth once. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy It takes the moon about 27.3 Earth days to rotate once.

570. • It takes the moon the same amount of time to rotate around once as it does for the moon to go around the earth once. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy It takes the moon about 27.3 Earth days to rotate once. It takes about 27.3 Earth days for the moon to go around the earth once.

573. • It takes the moon the same amount of time to rotate around once as it does for the moon to go around the earth once. – Therefore, earth-bound observers can never see the 'far-side' of the moon. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy It takes the moon about 27.3 Earth days to rotate once. It takes about 27.3 Earth days for the moon to go around the earth once.

574. • Video! Synchronous Orbit of the earth and the moon. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZIB_leg75Q

575. • The moon use to rotate faster but has slowed down and become locked gravitationally with the earth.

576. • The moon is also moving further away from the earth each year. – About 4 cm a year.

577. “See you Earth, Nice knowing you.”

578. • As the moon gets further away from earth it will slow down its movement away.

579. • As the moon gets further away from earth it will slow down its movement away. – It will eventually stabilize at 1.6 the distance of today.

580. • This will take 15 Billion years!

581. • The Sun will become a red giant in only 5 Billion years destroying both the moon and the earth.

591. • What’s the man of the moon all about?

592. • The man is a series of craters that creates a face.

610. View from Earth

611. What you see

612. Waxing Crescent

615. Waxing Crescent First Quarter

618. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous

621. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full

624. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous

627. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter

630. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent

631. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent

632. Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent Name the phase

650. • Phases of the moon simulators. – http://aspire.cosmic- ray.org/labs/moon/lunar_phase3.swf

665. • New Moon

666. • Waxing Crescent

667. • First Quarter

668. • Waxing Gibbous

669. • Full Moon

670. • Waning Gibbous

671. • Third Quarter

672. • Waning Crescent

673. • New Moon

677. • Full Moon

681. • New Moon

682. • New Moon

689. • Full Moon

690. • Full Moon

697. • New Moon

698. • New Moon

699. • Recommendation! Hand sanitizing time.

700. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate

704. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate Not on axis!

705. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate Draw earth in middle of plate on axis

713. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon

714. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon

715. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent

716. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent

717. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter

718. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter

719. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous

720. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous

721. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon

722. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon

723. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous

724. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous

725. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter or Last Quarter

726. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter or Last Quarter

727. • Activity! Phases of the Moon with OREOS Draw earth on paper plate New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter or Last Quarter Waning Crescent

731. • Video Link! Phases of the Moon, Eclipses, – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXseTWTZlks

732. • Activity! Match the phase of the moon to the correct picture. New First Quarter Full Third Quarter

741. • Activity! Match the phase of the moon to the correct picture. Waxing Gibbous First Quarter Waning Crescent Third Quarter A B C D

750. • Activity! Arrange the Moons so they fit next to the correct term. New Full First Quarter Third Quarter Waxing Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous Waning Crescent On the next slide teacher needs to minimize out of slideshow. Teacher will assist a group of students as they pretend to move the moon into the correct position. Teacher controls actual movement on their computer.

751. New Full First Quarter Third Quarter Waxing Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous Waning Crescent

752. • Activity! Arrange the Moons so they fit next to the correct term. Answer! New Full First Quarter Third Quarter Waxing Crescent Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous Waning Crescent

757. • This is a freaky picture of full moon inside of a new moon inside of a full moon.

760. • New Moon

761. • New Moon

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