Immune System Lesson PowerPoint

• One of the biggest achievements of the
immune system is it’s ability to determine
friend from foe.

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are
very important and should be recorded in
your science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

-Please make notes legible and use indentations
when appropriate.
-Example of indent.
-Skip a line between topics
-Don’t skip pages
-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please Label.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
DNA / Nucleoid Nucleus
Flagella
Pili

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”

• All medical surgeries in the 1800’s had
doctors working with soiled tools and
hands.

• All medical surgeries in the 1800’s had
doctors working with soiled tools and
hands.
– Most people died from infections after
surgery.

• Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
– Changed the 50% death rate of early
surgeries.

surgeries.
– He realized that microbes (small organisms)
were to blame for high post surgery death
rates.

surgeries.
rates.
– Pioneered the use of antiseptic and
cleanliness.

surgeries.
rates.
cleanliness. (Carbolic Acid Sprayer)

surgeries.
rates.
cleanliness. (Carbolic Acid Sprayer)
Learn more about Joseph Lister at…
http://campus.udayton.edu/~hume/Lister/lister.htm

Every second
microbes are
trying to kill us by
attacking our
cells.

• Without an immune systems to protect us
from the thousand of micro invaders out
there, you would certainly die.

• H.G. Wells wrote: War of the Worlds.
– Does anyone know how the invaders were
stopped?

• The alien invaders were too powerful to be
destroyed by our weapons. They were killed
by infectious diseases because they did not
evolve an immunity to earth’s diseases.

• The alien invaders were too powerful to be
destroyed by our weapons. They were killed
by infectious diseases because they did not
evolve an immunity to earth’s diseases.
– The human immune system has taken millions of
years to evolve.

 New Area of Focus: Your Immune System.

 Immune system: A system that protects
the body from diseases.

• The system includes…
– Special cells

– Special cells
– Proteins

– Special cells
– Proteins
Antibodies

– Special cells
– Proteins
– Tissues

– Special cells
– Proteins
– Tissues
Lymphoid Tissues

– Special cells
– Proteins
– Tissues
– Organs

• Immune System, HIV, AIDS Available Sheet.

 Skin prevents disease from entering the
body.

• Where are there holes in the wall?

• Answer! Where are there holes in the
wall?

wall?
• Nose

wall?
• Nose
• Mouth

wall?
• Nose
• Mouth
• Eyes

wall?
• Nose
• Mouth
• Eyes
• Open wounds

wall?
• Nose
• Mouth
• Eyes
• Open wounds
• Down low
– STD’s !

• Mucus is another defense mechanism of
the human body.
– They trap and remove these invaders before
the can reach their target cells.
– Cilia move the invaders to be disposed.

Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores

Dust
Pollen
Particulates
Bacteria
Viruses
Spores
Mucous

• Your nose produces close to a liter of
mucous a day.
– Most gets swept into the esophagus by tiny
hairs called cilia in your nasal cavity.

mucous a day.
Esophagus

mucous a day.
Esophagus Nose

• Salvia is also loaded with disease killing
chemicals.

• The Bodies 2nd Line of Defense

• The body also rushes blood loaded with
protecting cells to infected areas. (Swelling)

 The inflammatory response: Damaged
cells release chemicals.
 These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak
fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
 This helps isolate the foreign substance from
further contact with body tissues.

• The inflammatory response: Damaged
cells release chemicals.
– These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak
fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
– This helps isolate the foreign substance from
further contact with body tissues.

• Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction
that occurs rapidly and causes a life-
threatening response involving the whole
body.

• Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction
that occurs rapidly and causes a life-
threatening response involving the whole
body.
– This reaction can lead to difficulty breathing,
shock, and ultimately death if untreated.

• Epinephrine injection is used to treat
life-threatening allergic reactions caused
by insect bites, foods, medications, latex,
and other causes.

• Epinephrine injection is used to treat
life-threatening allergic reactions caused
by insect bites, foods, medications, latex,
and other causes.
– Please see a doctor if you believe you are
severely allergic to any of the above.

• The body also has another defense
mechanism called and interferon
response.

• The body also has another defense
mechanism called and interferon
response.
– Cells produce a substance that interferes with
the ability of viruses to reproduce.

• Video! A Sneeze sends out millions of mucus
particles at 100 mph.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2QAGVMlns4
– Why is it so important that we cover our mouth?

• Day One. You wake up, and your entire
body aches.

• Your Bodies 3rd Line of Defense.

• Your Bodies 3rd Line of Defense.
– The War Within

• Please create a drawing in your journal in
a step by step process on the next slide..

• Video Link! Hand drawing the Immune
System.
– Now try and label your picture with some
terms, chemical signals, and arrows as best
you can. It’s a complicated system .
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nw27_jMW
w10&feature=related

• Don’t Freak!
– This was difficult, instead of stressing out, let’s
record three things we can learn from our
crazy diagram.
• Cells can give off chemical signals
• Cells can tell cells to die off
• There are many lines of defense.

• Don’t Freak!
– This was difficult, instead of stressing out, let’s
record three things we can learn from our
crazy diagram.
• Cells can give off chemical signals
• Cells can tell cells to die off
• There are many lines of defense.
• It is a very complicated and detailed process.

 Interleukins: These tell the body it’s under
attack.
These give you the aches and pains. “Time
to rest!” (Warning System)

• Interleukins: These tell the body it’s under
attack.
–These give you the aches and pains. “Time
to rest!” (Warning System)

 Leukocytes: White blood cells (made in
bone marrow)
 -
 -

bone marrow) (Soldier)
 -
 -

bone marrow)
 - Phagocytes:
 -
Also called
macrophage

bone marrow)
 - Phagocytes: Cells that engulf invaders.
 -

Invading
Organisms

Phagocyte
Invading
Organisms

bone marrow)
 - Phagocytes: Cells that engulf invaders.
 - Lymphocytes:
 -
 -

• Lymphocytes are more like the special
forces.

 Lymphocytes: Cells that remember the
invaders and help the body destroy them if
they come back.
 B-
 T-

 Dendritic Cells: These cells function to
obtain antigen in tissues, they then migrate
to lymphoid organs and activate T cells.

• Dendritic Cells: Kind of like your military
strategist.

• Video Link! (Optional) The Human Immune
Response
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7rQuFZxVQQ

• Video Link (Optional)! The Immune System
Overview.
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWMJIMzsEMg

• When an antibody encounters a specific
antigen (invader)

• When an antibody encounters a specific
antigen (invader) it changes shape
(activates) and binds to it.

 Antibodies cling to virus making it
difficult to attach to cell.
Virus
Antibodies

• Antibodies cling to virus making it difficult
to attach to cell.
Virus
Antibodies

 B cells: Don’t visit battle, they send out
antibodies to cling to pathogen. (Deploy)

– B cells: Don’t visit battle, they send out
antibodies to cling to pathogen. (Deploy)

– B cells: Don’t visit battle, send out antibodies
to cling to pathogen. (Deploy)
B-Cell

– B cells: Don’t visit battle, send out antibodies
to cling to pathogen. (Deploy)
B-Cell
Antibodies

• T cells: Precise Removal (Sniper)

“We’ve got a
familiar
invader
creeping
around
down here.”
”

 Immunity: Your immune system is now
familiar with the invaders and can summon
antibodies quickly.

• Your immune system will be ready for the
next time the antigen invades.

– They now know how to wipe it out.

– They now know how to wipe it out.
Learn more about the immune system at…
http://kidshealth.org/parent/general/body_basics/immune.html
and (more advanced)
http://uhaweb.hartford.edu/bugl/immune.htm

• The immune system can malfunction with
some immune syndromes.
– One such syndrome is AIDS which is caused by
the HIV virus.

• Video! An Inside Look at the Flu
• Complete this question as your watch the video on your
bundled homework.
– http://www.hominin.com/video/An_Inside_Look_at_the_Flu
Immune response

• Immunity can be active, or passive.

Your body is
making the
antibodies in
response to an
invader or to a
vaccination

Your body is
making the
antibodies in
response to an
invader or to a
vaccination
You get the antibodies
from someone else.
Usually mother to baby
through the placenta
allow other organism
can make antibodies
which are collected and
passed on

• Which would you rather get?
– Cowpox on the left, or smallpox on the right?

• Milkmaids contracted cowpox and didn’t
die.

die. Having cowpox gave them an
immunity to smallpox.

immunity to smallpox. Treat smallpox by
infecting healthy people with cowpox.

immunity to smallpox. Treat smallpox by
infecting healthy people with cowpox.
“Hoot” “Hoot” “I’m sure glad
that I’ve never contracted
smallpox.”

• The smallpox vaccine helped eradicate
smallpox, the last case of smallpox was
1977.

 Vaccine: A suspension of weakened or dead
pathogenic cells are injected in order to
stimulate the production of antibodies and
boost immunity.

 Vaccine: A suspension of weakened or dead
pathogenic cells are injected in order to
stimulate the production of antibodies and
boost immunity.
Vaccines, Learn more at… http://www.news-
medical.net/health/What-are-Vaccines.aspx

• Treatment for a virus

– Immunization / Vaccine – Infect person with a
lesser but similar virus (cloned sometimes). Body
creates immunity.

– Immunization / Vaccine – Infect person with a
lesser but similar virus (cloned sometimes). Body
creates immunity.
– There is no cure for a virus.

 Virus prevention
 Minimize contact with reservoir animal
(birds, mice, etc.)
 Minimize person to person contact

 Minimize contact with reservoir animal (birds,
mice, etc.)
 Minimize person to person contact

 Minimize contact with reservoir animal (birds,
mice, etc.)
 Minimize person to person contact.

• Sometimes the body gets fooled into
thinking it’s under attack and starts an
immune response.

• Sometimes the body gets fooled into
thinking it’s under attack and starts an
immune response.
– Pollen grains

• Allergies occur when your immune system
is overly sensitive to certain substances.

• Guess the hidden picture beneath the
boxes.
– Raise your hand when you think you know.
You only get one guess.

• Video Link! (Optional) Immune System Crash
Course. (Advanced)
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeVtPDjJBPU

Immune System Lesson PowerPoint

Immune System Lesson PowerPoint

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