This document provides information on medical entomology, specifically lice and fleas. It discusses the classification, biology, morphology, life cycles, diseases transmitted, and control methods for both lice and fleas. Lice are small, wingless blood-sucking parasites that can cause pediculosis in humans. Common types include head, body, and pubic lice. Fleas are also small, wingless blood-feeding ectoparasites that can transmit plague, typhus, and other diseases to humans. Control methods discussed for both include insecticidal treatments and maintaining personal hygiene.
29. Biology
• Small , Wingless
• Blood sucking ectoparasites of
mammals & birds.
• 37 species known to occur in
India.
30.
31.
32.
33. • Rat fleas vectors of plague & typhus.
• Human flea wide host range
( infests commensal rats, pigs
cats ,dogs & foxes).
• Cat & dog flea occur on other animals as
well.
• Sand flea tropical regions af Africa &
America .
42. Fleas & human
disease
1. Plague ( bubonic ).
2. Endemic or murine typhus.
3. Chiggerosis.
4. Hymenolepis diminuta.
43. Mode of transmission
1) Biting – by bite of “blocked” fleas
Plague bacilli
multiply
enormously in
gut of rat flea &
block the
proventriculus
or stomouch so
that no food
pass.
Hunger flea
bites more
ferociously.
44. 2) Mechanical transmission – from
the proboscis of the flea.
3) Faeces – defecate while feeding
faecal drop contain numerous
bacilli
Host scratches
Direct inoculation of infective
agent
45. Control of fleas
• 1) Insecticidal control
• 2) Repellents
• 3) Rodent control
46. Insecticidal Control
• 10% DDT dust
• Carbaryl or diazinon ( 2%) or
malathion (5%)
• Mode of application
Spray floor and wall upto 1 ft
Patch dusting : dust over rat
rooms/gunny bags /rodent
burrows( 30 g / burrow ).
47. Animal host ( dogs & cat ) and their
premises should be treated.