Cartesian Diver, Gas Laws, Build a Cartesian Diver Physical Science Lesson PowerPoint

1. • Optional: Make a Squidy – Watch video and create in real time / pausing. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LLwTIkRZAU

4. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Ice Melting Water Boiling Vapor GasT E M P Heat Added 

5. • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

6. • http://sciencepowerpoint.comWebsite Link:

16. V is the volume of the gas. T is the temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin) K is a constant. K= The universal constant in the gas equation: pressure times volume = R times temperature; equal to 8.3143 joules per Kelvin per mole. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

19. • Demonstration: Fit a balloon to the top of a glass bottle and place in pan with water. – Place on top of heat source and observe.

20. • Demonstration: Fit a balloon to the top of a glass bottle and place in pan with water. – Place on top of heat source and observe.

21. • This law means that when the temperature goes up, the volume of the gas goes up.

33. • This law means that when the temperature goes up, the volume of the gas goes up. When the temperature goes down, the volume of the gas decreases.

35. • Set up of Demonstration. – Blow up two similar balloons so they have the same circumference. – Place balloon in ice water on one side to 500 ml. – Place equal balloon in hot water on one side to 500ml. – Put small block and weight, or use finger to depress balloon under water. – Record difference in volume between the balloons. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

42. • Questions to demonstration. – Sketch the difference between the two. – How does temperature effect the volume of a gas? Think about the gas molecules in each balloon. • Use observations to back up your answers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

44. • You may notice that your sports equipment doesn’t work well when you go out into your garage in the winter. –The air molecules are moving very slowly so the ball is flat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

52. • Gas Laws and more available sheet.

58. • Activity! Pressure and Volume – Drop a small tied balloon into a plastic soda bottle. – Cap bottle with the “Fizz Keeper” and pump many times. – Observe what happens to the balloon during the pressurizing. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

59. • Activity! Pressure and Volume – Drop a small tied balloon into a plastic soda bottle. – Cap bottle with the “Fizz Keeper” and pump many times. – Observe what happens to the balloon during the pressurizing. – Unscrew cap and observe balloon. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

60. • Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions. – What happened to the balloon when pressure was added and then removed? – What is the connection between pressure and volume of a gas? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

62. • Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions. – What happened to the balloon when pressure was added and then removed? – Answer: The balloon got smaller when the pressure was added and then larger when removed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

64. • Balloon and Fizz Keeper Questions. – What is the connection between pressure and volume of a gas? – Answer: When pressure was increased, volume of the gas decreased. When pressure was decreased, volume increased. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

77. Very Important! Record in Journal.

79. • Activity! Syringes

80. • Activity! Syringes (Safety Goggles Needed)

81. • Activity! Syringes – Depress plunger on the syringe.

82. • Activity! Syringes – Depress plunger on the syringe. – Cover hole with finger.

83. • Activity! Syringes – Depress plunger on the syringe. – Cover hole with finger. – Try and pull handle (gently please). • Why is it difficult? Keep thumb on opening.

84. • Activity! Syringes – Depress plunger on the syringe. – Cover hole with finger. – Try and pull handle (gently please). • Why is it difficult? Keep thumb on opening.

85. • Activity! Syringes – Answer: It was difficult because your finger created a sealed vacuum and prevented air from entering the chamber. Keep thumb on opening.

86. • Activity! Syringes – Answer: It was difficult because your finger created a sealed vacuum and prevented air from entering the chamber. Atmospheric pressure is 1 kilogram per square centimeter at sea level. Keep thumb on opening.

88. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite)

89. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) – Fill syringe.

90. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) – Fill syringe. – Cover hole with finger.

91. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) – Fill syringe. – Cover hole with finger. – Try and push handle (gently please).

92. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) – Fill syringe. – Cover hole with finger. – Try and push handle (gently please). • How does this represent Boyles Law?

93. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) • How does this represent Boyles Law?

94. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) • How does this represent Boyles Law? • Answer: As you depress the plunger, you increase pressure and the volume of the gas is decreased.

95. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) • How does this represent Boyles Law? • Answer: As you depress the plunger, you increase pressure and the volume of the gas is decreased. • Please determine how many milliliters you were able to compress the gas inside using the numbers on the syringe.

96. • Activity! Syringes (Opposite) • How does this represent Boyles Law? • Answer: As you depress the plunger, you increase pressure and the volume of the gas is decreased. • Please determine how many milliliters you were able to compress the gas inside using the numbers on the syringe. • Answer: You should be able to compress the gas to about 50% of it’s starting volume by hand and then it gets difficult.

99. “Can’t wait to eat my yogurt.”

101. • As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out allowing your chest to expand and allows more air to flow into your lungs.

102. • As you inhale, your diaphragm flattens out allowing your chest to expand and allows more air to flow into your lungs. – Air pressure decrease, air then rushes into your lungs.

103. • As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases.

104. • As you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes to a normal state. Space in chest decreases. – Air pressure increases, air then rushes out of your lungs.

105. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? A B

106. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • A B

107. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale A B

108. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale A B

109. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale Exhale A B

110. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? A BA B

111. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? A BA B

112. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale A BA B

113. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale A BA B

114. • Which is a inhale, and which is a exhale? • Inhale Exhale A BA B

118. • The Bends (Decompression Sickness) – Bubbles form in blood if you rise to quickly because of the rapid decrease in pressure. – A diver must save time to travel to surface slowly so body can adjust. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

121. • How do planes fly?

122. • Early plane (Wright Brothers)

128. • An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

129. Bernoulli's Principle

130. Bernoulli's Principle Bernoulli's principle states that for an inviscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

132. Learn more about flight at… http://www.lcse.umn.edu/~bruff/ber noulli.html

135. • Activity! Teacher will demonstrate ping pong ball levitation with hair dryer. – The airflow from the hair dryer speeds up as it slips by the floating sphere, which creates an area of low pressure around the ball. The high pressure from the dryer surrounds the low around the ball and keeps the ball trapped in midair.

140. • Activity! – Everyone can try with a bendy straw and ping pong ball.

143. • Activity! – Everyone can try with a bendy straw and ping pong ball. The stream of air moves at high speed.

144. • Activity! – Everyone can try with a bendy straw and ping pong ball. The stream of air moves at high speed. As should be expected from Bernoulli's equation, this stream of air has a lower pressure than the stationary surrounding air.

145. • Activity! – Everyone can try with a bendy straw and ping pong ball. The stream of air moves at high speed. As should be expected from Bernoulli's equation, this stream of air has a lower pressure than the stationary surrounding air. If the ball starts to move to one side of the stream, the high- pressure of the stationary air pushes it back into the stream.

146. • Activity! (Optional) – Light candle directly behind box (non-flammable material) and try and blow out candle.

147. • Activity! (Optional) – Light candle directly behind tube / round container of about equal thickness (non- flammable material) and try and blow out candle.

150. • What happened? Why? – The air tended to stick to the curved surface of the bottle. This is called the Coanda effect.

153. • Quick Paper Airplane building contest! – One piece 8 by 11, furthest flight wins, must be a plane with wings. – Glider instructions on the next slide for those who need it. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

154. …

161. • Activity! Temp and Pressure.

162. • Activity! Temp and Pressure. – Record temperature inside bottle with cap off under normal atmospheric pressure.

163. • Activity! Temp and Pressure. – Record temperature inside bottle with cap off under normal atmospheric pressure. – Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much as you can until it doesn’t create more pressure.

164. • Activity! Temp and Pressure. – Record temperature inside bottle with cap off under normal atmospheric pressure. – Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much as you can until it doesn’t create more pressure. – Record temperature in bottle under pressure.

165. • Activity! Temp and Pressure. – Record temperature inside bottle with cap off under normal atmospheric pressure. – Pump up bottle using “Fizz Keeper” as much as you can until it doesn’t create more pressure. – Record temperature in bottle under pressure. – Observe the temperature as you unscrew the cap.

172. Very Important! Record in Journal.

191. +

202. +

203. +

205. • This photoshop job might look “Funny”.

206. • Caution! Graphic Images of burns / the dangers of pressure and temperature.

225. • Video Link! (Optional) Khan Academy • Ideal Gas Law (Advanced) – http://www.khanacademy.org/video/ideal-gas- equation--pv-nrt?playlist=Chemistry

226. • Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator • http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish er/Thermo1.html • How you can use this gas law to find…

227. • Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator • http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish er/Thermo1.html • How you can use this gas law to find… – Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P

228. • Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator • http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish er/Thermo1.html • How you can use this gas law to find… – Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P – Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V

229. • Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator • http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish er/Thermo1.html • How you can use this gas law to find… – Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P – Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V – Calculating moles of gas: n = (PV) ÷ (RT)

230. • Activity! Visiting Ideal Gas Law Simulator • http://www.7stones.com/Homepage/Publish er/Thermo1.html • How you can use this gas law to find… – Calculating Volume of Ideal Gas: V = (nRT) ÷ P – Calculating Pressure of Ideal Gas: P = (nRT) ÷ V – Calculating moles of gas: n = (PV) ÷ (RT) – Calculating gas temperature: T = (PV) ÷ (nR)

231. • Activity! Gas Law Simulator. • http://intro.chem.okstate.edu/1314F00/Lab oratory/GLP.htm • What happens to molecules when… – Temperature is increased. – Pressure is increased. – Volume is decreased. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

235. • Optional Class Quiz: The Quiz is difficult, but the correct answers are revealed which is the learning component. – Remember Kinetic Molecular Theory. – http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/taters/U nit5KMT.htm Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

241. • Activity / Demonstration! – Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the balloon! – Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if nose is the end of the balloon). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

244. • Activity / Demonstration! – Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the balloon! – Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if nose is the end of the balloon). – Tie off balloon and face should shrink. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

245. • Activity / Demonstration! – Blow up a balloon 1/8 of the way. Do not tie. the balloon! – Squeeze balloon in one hand and draw a small face on it with Sharpie marker (Works well if nose is the end of the balloon). – Tie off balloon and face should shrink. – Release and then add pressure to one side of the balloon so that your face expands. Have fun for a bit! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

250. • Video! The Blob. Trying to understand Pascal’s Law. – Can we create our own mini blob and send something flying with trash bags and textbooks. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2b8s4VxD60&feat ure=fvwrel Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

251. • Video! The Blob. Trying to understand Pascal’s Law. – Can we create our own mini blob and send something flying with trash bags and textbooks. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2b8s4VxD60&feat ure=fvwrel Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

252.  Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

253.  Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Cool Picture of a Gnome being squeezed and yelling something about Pascal in a different language.

254.  Pascal's Law: If you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can’t flow anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

257. • Hydraulics - The branch of applied science that deals with fluids in motion.

258. • Hydraulics - The branch of applied science that deals with fluids in motion.

261. • Don’t forget, air is also considered a fluid.

262. • Activity – Pascal’s Law and Hydraulics.

266. • Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side. – Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill tube. – Attach hose to one side. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

267. • Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side. – Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill tube. – Attach hose to one side. – Depress syringe until water comes out of tube. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

268. • Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side. – Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill tube. – Attach hose to one side. – Depress syringe until water comes out of tube. – Attach other syringe that is depressed fully. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

269. • Activity! Making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Push syringe to bottom of tube on one side. – Dip end of syringe in water and pull to fill tube. – Attach hose to one side. – Depress syringe until water comes out of tube. – Attach other syringe that is depressed fully. – Push one side down at a time. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

270. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created. – How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you just built? – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

272. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created. – How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you just built? – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow.

273. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created. – How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you just built? – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow. -High Viscosity = Difficult to flow.

274. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Draw / Sketch the hydraulic drive you created. – How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you just built? – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Viscosity: Resistance of liquid to flow. -High Viscosity = Difficult to flow. -Low Viscosity = Easy to flow.

279. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – How is Pascal’s Law related to the hydraulic drive you just built? – Answer: When the syringe is depressed, the fluid is sent out (transmitted) equally in all directions and flows through the tube to the syringe on the other side. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

281. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. – It would work better with oil because it has a lower viscosity (resistance to flow) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

282. • Questions to making a hydraulic syringe drive. – Would it work better with oil, or with creamy peanut butter? Explain your answer using viscosity. – It would work better with oil because it has a lower viscosity (resistance to flow) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Hydraulics, Learn more at… http://ffden- 2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2005.web.dir/annie_weber /page2.html

284.  High Viscosity = Travels slow because of high resistance.

285.  Low Viscosity = Travels fast because low resistance.

288. • Viscosity Olympics Available Sheet

289. • Activity! The Condiment Olympics. – Official / ceremony / entrance of the condiments required. Volunteers needed to march each condiment into the classroom. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbHw8DBCXQ8 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

292. • Activity! Viscosity. – Lay tray on table.

293. • Activity! Viscosity. – Lay tray on table. – Place condiments at one side along a starting line.

294. • Activity! Viscosity. – Lay tray on table. – Place condiments at one side along a starting line. – Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off the vertical at start of race.

295. • Activity! Viscosity. – Lay tray on table. – Place condiments at one side along a starting line. – Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off the vertical at start of race. – Record the times each condiment takes to cross the finish line. (DNF = Did Not Finish) –I needed green text here to complete the Olympic colors.

296. • Activity! Viscosity. – Lay tray on table. – Place condiments at one side along a starting line. – Use textbooks or manually raise tray just off the vertical at start of race. – Record the times each condiment takes to cross the finish line. (DNF = Did Not Finish) –I needed green text here to complete the Olympic colors.

297. • Visual of Set-Up Top View Side View Start Finish

298. • Please graph your findings. You decide which graph will work the best. Pie Column Bar Line

303. • Please graph your findings. You decide which graph will work the best. Pie Column Bar LineA line graph could become confusing in this case

306. • Please graph your findings. You decide which graph will work the best. Pie Column Bar LineYou may begin creating your graph now.

308. • Questions? – Which substance had the highest viscosity and why? – Which substance had the lowest viscosity and why? – Name five other things and describe their probable viscosity? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

309. • Graph of Possible Outcomes 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Mustard Ketchup Jelly Maple Syrup Chocolate Syrup Mystery

312. • Questions? – Which substance had the highest viscosity and why? – Answer: Answers will vary based on the brand. Generally, the ketchup, mustard, and jelly was the slowest down the ramp and demonstrated most resistance to flow. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

314. • Questions? – Which substance had the lowest viscosity and why? – Answer: The real maple syrup had the lowest viscosity and traveled quickly down the ramp on to the floor almost immediately after putting it on the ramp. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

315. • Questions? – Name five other fluids and describe their probable viscosity? – Oil: Low viscosity – Peanut Butter: High Viscosity – Toothpaste: High Viscosity – Hair Gel: High Viscosity – Soda: Low Viscosity Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

325. • Questions? – Name five other fluids and describe their probable viscosity? – Oil: Low viscosity – Peanut Butter: High Viscosity – Toothpaste: High Viscosity – Hair Gel: High Viscosity – Soda: Low Viscosity Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Viscosity: Learn more at… http://www.spacegrant.hawaii.edu/class_acts/ViscosityTe.h tml

326. • Video Link! Ants behaving like a viscous fluid. (Very optional but really neat) – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZSqx0PJ 8XU&NR=1&feature=endscreen

327. • Activity! (Optional) Making Goop – Available Sheet

328. • Activity! (Optional) Making Goop • Directions in video and on next slide. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48- DU0kQtPg

329. • Materials – Glue bottle (4oz) – 2 mixing bowls – Water – Mixing spoon – Measuring Cups – Borax – Measuring spoon – Sealable Bag

330. • Procedure: – 1.) Squeeze glue into bowl. – 2.) Fill glue bottle with water, cap, mix, and pour into the glue in bowl. – 3.) Stir and add desired food coloring. – 4.) Set that bowl aside. – 5.) In new bowl mix 1 cup of water with 1 tablespoon of borax and stir. – 6.) Add 1/3 a cup of borax and water mixture into a bowl and stir. – 7.) Slowly add the contents from the glue bowl into the borax bowl while you stir. – 8.) Pick up goop and work it with your hands. Put in plastic bag and clean up area. – 9.)Once area is clean you can play with goop.

331. • Goop is a polymer you can make from white glue and borax. – Borax is a cleaning agent and natural mineral composed of sodium, boron, oxygen and water. – The Elmer’s glue is a long-chained polymer (Poly Vinyl Acetate), meaning it is a set of molecules that are linked together in a long chain. – When added together, the borate ions bond with water molecules. These long polymers link together to form a matrix that is not very strong. – This why goop is stretchable and considered a Non-Newtonian Fluid. High Viscosity.

337.  Archimedes Principle: A body that is submerged in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal in magnitude to the weight of the fluid that is displaced. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Boat must weigh less than this much water to float.

351. • Density: How much mass is contained in a given volume. We use grams/cm3 – (grams per cubic centimeter) – Density = Mass divided by volume Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Mass D = ------------- = grams/cm3 Volume

352. • Please determine the densities of the following characters. Who is most dense? Donkey Kong M = 15 g V = 30 cm3 Yoshi M = 6g V = 8 cm3 Mario M = 8g V = 10cm3 Goomba M = 8g V = 6 cm3

353. • Please determine the densities of the following characters. Who is most dense? Donkey Kong. 5 g/cm3 Yoshi .75 g/cm3 Mario .8 g/cm3 Goomba 1.3 g/cm3

354. • Please determine the densities of the following characters. Who is most dense? Donkey Kong. .5 g/cm3 Yoshi .75 g/cm3 Mario .8 g/cm3 Goomba 1.3 g/cm3

361. • Which one will sink in water? Donkey Kong. .5 g/cm3 Yoshi .75 g/cm3 Mario .8 g/cm3 Goomba 1.3 g/cm3

371. • Volume and Density Available Sheet. – Additional classwork / homework

372. • Buoyancy Simulator: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/buo yancy • Density Simulator • http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/den sity

383. • Activity – Creating a boat with a chunk of clay. – Everyone will get the same amount of clay in grams (200 grams of clay). – Weights will be placed on the boat. – Your grade depends on the buoyancy of your boat. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

384. • Activity – Creating a boat with a chunk of clay. – Everyone will get the same amount of clay in grams (200 grams of clay). – Weights will be placed on the boat. – Your grade depends on the buoyancy of your boat. – Must be stable enough to support weight. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

385. • Possible hull designs.

390. • How does a submarine dive and then rise?

391. • How does a submarine dive and then rise?

392. • How does a submarine dive and then rise? • Answer: The buoyancy of a submarine can be changed by pumping water into the main ballast tanks and removing air (sinks) or pumping air into the tanks and releasing the water (floats).

395. • Optional: Make a Squidy – Watch video and create in real time / pausing. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LLwTIkRZAU

396. • Cartesian Diver Available Sheet Learn more at… http://courses.education.illinois.edu/ci2 41-science- sp95/resources/philotoy/philotoy.html

403. • Please write a short essay in your journal – Explain the Cartesian Diver using Archimedes Principle, Pascal’s Law, and Boyle’s Law within your response. • 1st paragraph Introduce Cartesian diver and three laws. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

404. • Please write a short essay in your journal – Explain the Cartesian Diver using Archimedes Principle, Pascal’s Law, and Boyle’s Law within your response. • 1st paragraph Introduce Cartesian diver and three laws. • 2nd paragraph (Pascal’s Law) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

405. • Please write a short essay in your journal – Explain the Cartesian Diver using Archimedes Principle, Pascal’s Law, and Boyle’s Law within your response. • 1st paragraph Introduce Cartesian diver and three laws. • 2nd paragraph (Pascal’s Law) • 3rd paragraph (Boyles Law) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

406. • Please write a short essay in your journal – Explain the Cartesian Diver using Archimedes Principle, Pascal’s Law, and Boyle’s Law within your response. • 1st paragraph Introduce Cartesian diver and three laws. • 2nd paragraph (Pascal’s Law) • 3rd paragraph (Boyles Law) • 4th paragraph (Archimedes Principle) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

407. • Please write a short essay in your journal – Explain the Cartesian Diver using Archimedes Principle, Pascal’s Law, and Boyle’s Law within your response. • 1st paragraph Introduce Cartesian diver and three laws. • 2nd paragraph (Pascal’s Law) • 3rd paragraph (Boyles Law) • 4th paragraph (Archimedes Principle) • 5th paragraph (Conclusion) Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

412. • Your response should include… – When you squeeze the bottle, (increase pressure). – The pressure is distributed equally in all directions (Pascal’s Law). – The increase in pressure decreases the volume of the gas inside the eye dropper (Boyles Law). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

413. • Your response should include… – When you squeeze the bottle, (increase pressure). – The pressure is distributed equally in all directions (Pascal’s Law). – The increase in pressure decreases the volume of the gas inside the eye dropper (Boyles Law). – The decreased volume displaces less water so the diver is less buoyant and sinks (Archimedes Principle). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

415. The Cartesian Diver is an experiment that demonstrates three important science concepts. Pascal’s Law, Boyles Law, and Archimedes Principle all help to explain how a Cartesian Diver works. When the bottle is squeezed, the fluid transmits a pressure equally in all directions. This is Pascal’s Law. The pressure worked on the eye dropper as well as the plastic bottle. When the bottle was squeezed, the air bubble inside the eye dropper got smaller. This was an example of Boyles Law, that when pressure is exerted on a gas, its volume will decrease. The decrease in volume of the gas caused the diver to displace less water than before. Under Archimedes Principle, the diver should sink which it did. When pressure was released, the volume of the gas increased, more water was displaced and the diver rose to the surface. All three of these important concepts working together are represented in a Cartesian Diver.

432. The Blob Pascal’s Law

471. • You should be close to page 5 and can now complete the Cartesian Diver question on page 6.

472. • You can now provide text in the white space and then neatly color the following.

490. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT and NSTA) • http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p= 1 • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j ournal=tst Please visit at least one of the “learn more” educational links provided in this unit and complete this worksheet

491. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to and NSTA) • http://www.sciencedaily.com/ • http://www.sciencemag.org/ • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo urnal=tst

494. http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Areas of Focus within The Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit. There is no such thing as a free lunch, Matter, Dark Matter, Elements and Compounds, States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma, Law Conservation of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Gas Laws, Charles Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Gas Law, Pascal’s Law, Viscosity, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Seven Forms of Energy, Nuclear Energy, Electromagnet Spectrum, Waves / Wavelengths, Light (Visible Light), Refraction, Diffraction, Lens, Convex / Concave, Radiation, Electricity, Lightning, Static Electricity, Magnetism, Coulomb’s Law, Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors, AC and DC current, Amps, Watts, Resistance, Magnetism, Faraday’s Law, Compass, Relativity, Einstein, and E=MC2, Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermodynamics, Industrial Processes, Environmental Studies, The 4 R’s, Sustainability, Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, Green Design, Renewable Forms of Energy.

504. • Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum – These units take me about four years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult 5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

505. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

506. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

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