1.  Language and literacy development
(unmarked)
 Language and Literacy defined by its context
 Political, Hegemonic and resistance powers of
English
 Beyond monolingual views of language and
literacy development
 Attempts for more fluid conceptualizations

2.  Migrant
 Immigrant
 Borderland epistemology
 Binational
 Multinational

3.  English as a Second Language
 English as an additional language
 English language learner
 Limited English Proficient
 English as a world language

4.  Second Language Acquisition
 Bilingual – emergent bilingual
 Trilingual
 Multilingual

5.  Hybridity
 Third space literacy (Gutierrez)
 Dynamic bilingualism
 World minded educator
 Linguisitic flows
 Transnational literacies
 Translingual education

6.  “If the traditional terms are not really
applicable, is there a more appropriate
term? Is it possible that these learners
are ‘trans-language learners’ (TLL)?
Trans-language learner is a term which
describes an individual who moves from
a maternal/native language to
competence in an additional
environmental/instructional language
and culture.” (p.43)

7.  Translingual authors as “those who write in
more than one language or in a language
other than their primary one.” (p. ix)
 By expressing themselves in multiple verbal
systems, [translingual writers] flaunt their
freedom from the constrains of the culture
into which they happen to be born (ix).
Kellman (2003)

8.  Translingualism as a subject is certainly
worthy of theorization and study…
However, the definition of
translingualism presented here is very
broad and the collection as a whole
therefore remains rather diffuse and
unfocused. Problematically, Kellman
never distinguishes translingualism
from bilingualism, multilingualism, or
ambibilingualism. (p.199)

9. 1. Languages and literacies that develop while
interacting with each other in a dynamic and
fluid way
2. while moving back and forth between real
and “imagined” glocalized borders
3. and transacting with different cultural
identities within a unified self. (Schwarzer, in
preparation)