Common disease caused by fungi in forest crops

1. FUNGI

2. ✔Fungi is an achlorophyllous plant that relies on other
organisms or organic matter to survive.
✔Fungi has many roles in the our community. For most part it
is highly beneficial to both human and the environment.
✔A minor role of fungi in the forest community is its parasitic
role. They also cause the majority of known plant diseases,
and many diseases of animals and of man.
INTRODUCTION

3. Fungi are categorized as:
1. Saprophytic fungi
fungi which rely on non-living tissues to survive
and are important in the decomposition of organic
matter. Saprophytes are not in vital association
with living tissues.

4. 2. Parasitic fungi
- fungi which rely on living tissues to survive
and is the group where most pathogens
belong. Parasites are in vital association with
living tissues.

5. 3. Symbiotic fungi
- fungi that form relationship with other
organisms and relies on the relationship to
survive, they are niether parasites or
sarophytes.

6. Fungi growth requirements
1. water
2. A favorable temperature
3. an abundance oxygen
4. a digestible food or potential energy source
5. light
6. pH range
7. vitamins and minor elements

7. Means of dissemination of fungi

8. Forms and locations of survival of fungi between crops

9. Types of common diseases
1. Foliage diseases
Needle diseases of conifers. At first,
few brown needles appear, mixing
with green needles. The number
of brown needles gradually increase.
In case of pine, brown stripes
appear and later coalesce to turn
the whole needle to brown color.

10. Leaf diseases of broad leaved trees. The symptoms start
as minute spots (lesions) on green leaves. Lesions vary
depending on the kind of diseases.

11. 2. Bark diseases - Bark of twig, branch and trunk is invaded.
Lesions on the bark are completely extended around
forming sunken dead areas in stem, twigs and branches
(cankerous) structures. In some diseases, enlargement or
swelling of the tissue in the branches can be observed.

12. 3. Root diseases - Root, root crown and finally, basal parts of
the trunk are invaded. Other symptoms include
discoloration (necrosis) of the root system: yellowing,
browning and wilting of whole crown; blighting of the
leaves can also be observed. Die back of seedling/tree is
also encountered in some root diseases.

13. Plant diseases

14. Diseases common to various plant
1. Damping off – seeds and germinated seeds are invaded by the
organism
Host Range – pines, eucalyptus, agoho, mollucan sau, cinchona
and kaatoan bangkal
Control – sterilization of the soil and application of fungicide in
the seeds before planting

15. 2. Powdery mildew – formed on the lower or the upper leaf
surfaces, finally, turning the whole leaf to yellow and
gradually all leaves defoliate
Host Range – various broad leaf trees
Control – burn or bury the infected parts

16. 3. Rust – attack on the upper or lower portion of the
leaves
Host Range – teak, alnus, mulberry, bamboos
Control – burning of the diseased leaves

17. 4. Scooty mold – leaves, petioles, twigs and branches are
particularly or completely covered with black mycelial
colonies of the fungus
Host Range – gmelina, mangium
Control – thorugh thinning and prunning for suppressing mold,
if damage is serious, use organic phosphorous chemicals

18. Importance to Crop Protection and to trees
Controlling pests and diseases on such a mass
produced crop is crucial to individual farmers
and the economy. Pest forecasts can make the
difference between a wrecked harvest and a
profitable one that uses the least amount of
chemicals possible, saving time, money and
reducing the crop’s environmental footprint.

19. ✔ Fungi are important to trees because of the
effects on photosynthetic activity. When the
foliage of the tree is affected this means that
its photosynthetic ability or its ability to
produce food is compromised, as a result, the
other physiological processes of the tree is
also affected. Depending on the severity of the
infection sometimes this disease may cause
the death of the trees.

20. THE END
BY: SAG