Milton's Pastoral Imagery in Lycidas

Besides What The Grim Wolf With Privy Paw Analysis
foul contagion spread" connotates decay as he refers to the sheep who rot from the emptiness of their stomachs (127). The rotting sheep also
represent the metaphorical "flock" of members in the Roman Catholic church, where "rot inwardly" refers to the rotting of their empty spiritual
souls. Milton extends this pastoral metaphor with the wolf, as a common devourer of sheep, in "Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw" (128).
The wolf operates as a symbol for the clergy that preyed on its members through the theft of money and religious freedom. The "privy," or secret paw
of the wolf in, "Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw," alludes not only to wolves as a common threat to sheep, which further demonstrates
Wilson's ability to write about pastoral life, but it also alludes to Henrietta Maria's practice of secret conversions in the Roman Catholic church
(Greenblatt et al. 1922). The idea of sheep with no control to stop the wolves who "devour" daily, is a metaphor for the increasing power of the
archbishop and the church of England, and the diminishing power of the members who practice it (129). Milton's extended sheep metaphor enforces
the claims that bishops, reoccurringly untrained and out of tune with the holy spirit, neglected their religious duties, and caused more harm to their
congregations than good. The speaker succeeds again at consistently illustrating the death of Lycidas through nature imagery in the following
metaphor: So sinks the day–star in the
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How Can A Bereaved Poet?
A Bereaved Poet
The pastoral elegy Lycidas mourns the death of Edward King, a talented and budding poet, who died tragically at the age of twenty–five. Historically,
the name Lycidas alludes to a prominent poet–shepherd encountered in Theocritus' Idylls and in Virgil's Eclogues. By titling the poem Lycidas, the
primary speaker, a poet himself, acknowledges that he's emulating Virgil and Theocritus by commemorating the loss of a loved one through a pastoral
threnody. Using metaphor, diction, symbolic imagery and an irregular form and meter, the speaker portrays his mental state and conveys his bitterness
at the world for his grief. While the use of the aforementioned devices serves to convey a grief–stricken tone, the speaker's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence of this can be found in the second stanza and in the multitude of rhetorical devices described in the preceding paragraphs. In lines 19 and
20, the speaker reveals his primary reasons for composing his elegy when he says "so may some gentle Muse / with lucky words favor my destined
Urn;" he writes hoping that one day when he dies another will do the same for him. This surprising revelation is the first and obvious indicator of the
speaker's self–centeredness even while mourning the death of his friend. Subtler indicators of this lie in the complexity of the elegy itself. The poem is
dense with rhetorical devices and allusions from Greek mythology that hint at the intellectual sophistication of the speaker. For example, "the sisters of
the sacred well" (15), refer to the nine ancient muses who inspired poetry, "the laurels"(1) are a reference to story of Apollo and Daphne, "the
myrtles"(2) to Venus, et cetera. There's so much detail and complexity melded in just two stanzas the elegy begins to border on mannerism. This
leaves readers wondering if the poem is really intended to mourn the loss of a friend or to show off the poetic skill of the

Wilfred Owen Hero's Journey
For Sassoon, the deterioration of a pastoral English dream into a garish mournful nightmare is an interior phenomenon attributable to the horrible
experiences of martial life. In the poetry of Wilfred Owen, conversely, it is war that literally disfigures the once nourishing earth–corrupting it until the
very mud of the field is as threatening as the guns of the enemy. As Sandra Gilbert explains, "the landscape of the war was barely a landscape in the
ordinary sense of the word, but rather a gigantic charnel house" (Gilbert 184). Thus, while a soldier might dream of "Thomas Hardy's England" as we
have seen Sassoon do, the reality of his surroundings was its near antithesis. Further, quoting Eric Leed, Gilbert asserts that while "[t]he battlefield...
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This way, if to the living the once–picturesque fields of Flanders portend only death and anguish, then those same fields seem to offer an absurd,
pastoral oasis to the dead. We see this much in Owen's "Apologia Pro Poemate Meo," where we learn that the poem's narrator, in death, "saw God
through mud" (1). Where in "Miners" the earth threatens to consume and extinguish the soldier, here after his demise it offers freedom. We see this, for
example, when the narrator cannot help but admit how "[m]erry it was to laugh there" in the earth, "[w]here death becomes absurd and life absurder"
(5–6). While living, the narrator continues, "power was on us as we slashed bones bare / Not to feel sickness or remorse of murder;" in death, the
soldiers "have dropped off Fear...[a]nd witnessed exultation" (7–9, 13). In surrendering to the earth, therefore, the narrator seems to permanently
achieve a pastoral escapism akin to those in which we have already seen Sassoon and Owen attempt. To allow him to remain there, however, would be
to ignore the poem's Latin title. According to the Norton editors, Owen's "Apologia" translates to an "Apology for My Poem"–an apology, of course, in
the sense of "a written vindication" of

John Milton Research Paper
Author of Paradise Lost and considered to be one of England's best poets, John Milton is one a many authors that are looked up to. During his
lifetime, he had endured hardships such death of loved ones. Though Milton had gone through several things, he has given us what is known today as
one of the best poems created. Milton will be remembered not only for his intelligence and literary masterpiece, but also for what he has contributed to
writing. Born on December 9, 1608 in London to Sara and John Milton. Milton was born into a middle class family that consisted of his two parents,
sister Anne and brother Christopher (Biography.com Editors). Whilst this was Milton's family there had been several children who had died during
their childhood, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Milton is one of many writers but is easily recognized for his hardships and inspiring poems. ). In 1638, Milton would leave England to tour Italy until
1639. This was a critical part in Milton's life because this is when his most known poetry came from and also where he found his country in the
middle of a Civil War (Linda Alchin). Even during rough times, Milton would continue to write, for the most part he wrote about topics such as:
freedom of press, populism, divorce, and sanction regicide. Other things Milton did during this time period were serving as a secretary of foreign
languages for the government. He continued his duties even though he began to start losing his eyesight and would eventually completely lose it and
become blind by 1651. Due to the lost of Milton's eyesight he required people to aid his whilst he continued to do his job, Andrew Marvell and other
assistants were there for Milton with what he needed (John Milton, poets.org). A few years after, Milton found himself married to his first of three
wives, Mary Powell. Powell gave birth to the majority of Milton's children, three daughters and a son before her death. After Powell's death, Milton
would not marry until 1656 to Katherine Woodcock, who would later die during giving birth and then Elizabeth Minshull in

Paradise Lost Essay
Paradise Lost
The poem is divided up into 12 books. The verse is English heroic without rhyme, as that of Homer in Greek, and of Virgil in Latin. (Knopf, 1996)
"This neglect then of rhyme so little is to be taken for a defect, though it may seem so perhaps to vulgar readers, that it rather is to be esteemed an
example set, the first in English, of ancient liberty recovered to heroic poem from the troublesome and modern bondage of writing." (Knopf, 1996)
Book One proposes the whole subject of the poem of mans disobedience and the loss of the Paradise where God had placed him. The serpent or Satan
is talked about whom is the prime cause of mans fall. Satan who was once at Gods side had revolted and was driven out of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He needs to pass through the gates of hell. They are guarded and shut. He states the purpose of his journey to explore, and after some difficulty he is
allowed to pass through with the help of Chaos who is the power of that place. He is then on his way to the new world that he is seeking.
Book Three is then a prediction of the fall of man. God is sitting on his throne with His Son at His side; they see Satan on his way to the newly
created world. God foretells His Son of how Satan is able to trick man, as man is free to make his own choices. Because of the choices that man
makes, he must die unless someone can be found who will answer to the sins of man, and will then take on the punishment for these sins. The Son of
God then freely offers Himself as the ransom for mankind, and the Father accepts. There is then much celebration in heaven as they now have a plan
to save mankind. Satan arrives: "thence comes to the gate of heaven, described ascending by stairs, and the water above the firmament that flow about
it; his passage thence to the orb of the sun: he finds there Uriel, the regent of that orb, but first changes himself into the shape of a meaner angel, and
pretending a zealous desire to behold the new creation, and man whom God had placed here, inquires him the place of his habitation, and is directed:
alights first on Mount Niphates."(Simmons, 1996)
In Book Four Satan is now in the Garden of Eden, where he at

Metaphors In The Grasshopper
"The Hangman (upon his Death bed) concerning his beheading his late Majesty, Charles the first, King of Great Britain; and his Protestation and Vow
touching the same; the manner how he was terrified in Conscience" (Brandon 1649). Literature such as this introduction to the confessional of King
Charles' executioner, John Milton's "Lycidas," and Richard Lovelace's "The Grasshopper" prove that where there is social unrest, there will be writing
that responds to it, and mid–seventeenth century England had a lot of chaos to consider. War disagreements and corruption within England's church
were key occasions that censored and shaped the work of Milton and Lovelace. Milton's repeated use of symbols, metaphors, and indirect allusions to
the clergy in his poem speaks volumes about the political control and religious tensions in England. Lovelace's royalist themes, and careful
juxtaposition of words and allusions in his poem convey the leisure and political opposition of the Cavalier men to the Puritans. The context and
literary devices in both contribute to making them skillfully crafted cultural references indicative of the rising tensions during which they were
composed.
In "Lycidas," John Milton pays careful attention to detail while he commemorates the death of Edward King, his old classmate, and discusses themes of
pastoral life in his pastoral elegy. He begins with a bitter tone in the first four lines:
Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more
Ye myrtles brown, with ivy

Lycidas Poem Analysis
The Crisis of Lycidas' Absent Body
"Lycidas" is a pastoral elegy in which the speaker, a shepherd, mourns the death of his friend Lycidas, a fellow shepherd and talented poet, who had
drowned at sea. However, as the poem progresses, the figure of Lycidas fades into the background as the writing of the poem becomes overwhelmed
by the various crises that the speaker experiences and other poetic voices – those of Phoebus and St. Peter, for instance – interrupt. The ninth verse
paragraph of "Lycidas" marks the poem's return to its elegiac intent as the speaker experiences another crisis in which he laments Lycidas' absent body,
a recurring element which, when addressed by the speaker directly, allows the speaker to properly mourn and accept Lycidas'death.
The ninth verse paragraph begins with a plea, "Return, Alpheus" (132), Alpheus being a river in Arcadia whose waters mix with the fountain Arethuse,
referenced earlier in the poem to represent Greek pastoral poetry. The speaker persuades Alpheus to return by stating that "the dread voice is past"
(132) the dread voice being St. Peter, who in the previous verse paragraph interrupted the speaker's voice with a vicious condemnation of shepherds.
The verse paragraph before was taken over by Neptune's herald, and the one before by Phoebus. As the poem progresses, it begins to move away
from Lycidas to the point that the ninth verse paragraph is the first one since the fifth that mentions Lycidas, or "Lycid" (151), by name. By calling on
Alpheus and the "Sicilian Muse" (133), the speaker recognizes that the elegy has veered from its original intent and he wishes to return to it.
The speaker first does this by invoking the "Sicilian Muse" to "call the vales" (134) to gather a plants and flowers to adorn Lycidas' dead body. The
speaker specifically calls for "primrose," "crowtoe," "jessamine," pansies, violets, "woodbine," "cowslips," "amaranthus," daffodils, and laurels.
(142–47,149–150)The laurels are significant as an emblem of poetry and its presence on Lycidas' "hearse" (151) praises him for his poetry, but there
is a sense of sadness and grief embedded within the floral imagery. When the speaker mentions the "rathe primrose" (142), a flower that blooms early

Countee Cullen Analysis
Countee Cullen was a leading writer of the Harlem Renaissance. Adopted as a teenager, he was never able to know his real, true family, along with
its heritage, so he was not able to find his true identity. He felt these devastating effects of a loss of identity after losing his family, while being
thrust into a new one, and never found or understood his own heritage. This later impacted major aspects of his life, such as his style of writing, his
religion, and his sexuality. Cullen was raised in Harlem, but there is no record of his place of birth. He was born May 30th, 1903 and was raised by
his grandmother until her death in 1918. At that time, Cullen was just a fifteen–year–old boy with no family left to look after him. Cullen was adopted
by Reverend Frederick A. Cullen, a pastor from one of Harlem's most popular churches. Reverend Frederick introduced Cullen to an atmosphere
that encouraged education, faith, and sophistication. Cullen later on enrolled in New York University, where he published "Ballad of a Brown
Girl" in 1923, before his graduation. After graduation, he went on to earn his master's degree in English from Harvard University, which he received
in 1926. While at Harvard, he published Color, which was a collection of poems with topics that ranged from death, to love, and sex. One of his most
popular and notable poems, "Heritage", was published in Color. Throughout his writing career, Cullen was advised by Alain Locke. Alain Locke was a
writer, philosopher,

John Milton 's Lycidas Uses Fruitful And Fertile Imagery
A sorrowful ode to his former colleague and close friend, John Milton's Lycidas uses fruitful and fertile imagery to describe the watery death of his
collegiate companion. Water in this poem functions both as it normally does, describing rebirth in a true baptismal fashion, and in an alternate way, in
reference to the drowning and death of Edward King. The poem also takes time to discuss the malicious actions of the English clergymen, poetically
described in traditional pastoral imagery, so in this way it is similar to what Milton does with the water imagery. Both are both traditional in one sense
and a complete antithesis in another, while still using the same imagery.Lycidas begins with a declaration of the writer's desire to achieve petty
vengeance against nature. "I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude, and with forced fingers rude, shatter your leaves before the mellowing year."
(Lycidas, Line Three, Page 39)
Edward King's death was early and unwarranted. He, like the unripe berries, was plucked crudely before he could reach his maturity. Milton channels
his grief into anger, and needs to assign blame on some entity. Unfortunately for him nature lacks a corporeal form, so the attacks he is able to make
are minor compared to the power over life nature possesses. The action of plucking the berries in undoubtedly violent, he wants to punish and hurt
nature in the same way nature has hurt him. He does not ask for any great catastrophe, but wishes to take some small

Taking a Look at John Milton
Often being ranked side by side with William Shakespeare and John Keats, John
Milton is considered one of the most renowned English poets in the world of literature, as journalist and politician Joseph Devlin states, "... [T]he
three greatest works are those of Homer, Dante and Shakespeare. These are closely followed by the works of Virgil and Milton." Many make the
misconception that Milton is part of the Romanticism movement along with Mary Shelly and William Blake but Milton's career took place during the
Late Renaissance and the Restoration Age. Paradise Lost and On His Blindness are two of Milton's finest works; Milton incorporated the sacred
telling's of the Bible into these two poems by analyzing and elaborating on the teachings of Christianity to a depth that had not previously been
reached. The reoccurring theme found in his work are disobedience, eternal providence and justification. Milton was not only a poet but also a
scholarly man of letters and a civil servant for the Commonwealth of England, creating a variety of literature from prose to political pamphlets.
Having written in English, Latin and Italian, Milton earned international success as he wrote about deep personal conflictions as well as various
works regarding the religious flux and political upheaval taking place during the late 17th century. Many of Milton's work written in foreign languages,
tend to show a more personal side of him than works written in English. Observes English critic Harold

Pastoralism In As You Like It By William Fitzgerald
The pastoral is a literary style that shows a formal pictures of rural life and the naturalness and innosence environment,which totally differ from the
frustration and corruption in cities, the life of pastoralism is characterized by laughter, song and absolute freedom from care and anxiety. It is a life of
sweet deliciousness and joy. Pastoral is a mode of literature in which author tried various techniques to place the complex life into simple one
Terry Gifford–a prominent literary theorist, defines pastoral in three ways in his critical book Pastoral:–
Firstly–in which writer discuss about the countryfield and the life of shepherd.
Secondly–in which writers draws a contrast between country and the urban life and thirdly–in which writer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a romantic comedy, his idea towards pastoralism is that who ever comes in rural life, enjoys a natural and care free life and nothing to worry
about and he has shown court life as full of jealous people and fake courtiers. He has really touched the pastoral life in his play As You Like It, so
that it gives a real view and audience can imagine about the rural or pastoral life. The pastoral is a literary style that shows a formal pictures of rural
life and the naturalness and innosence environment, which totally differ from the frustration and corruption in cities, the life of pastoralism is
characterized by laughter, song and absolute freedom from care and anxiety. It is a life of sweet deliciousness and joy. Pastoral is a mode of literature
in which author tried various techniques to place the complex life into simple

Pastoral
Secondly–in which writers draws a contrast between country and the urban life and thirdly–in which writer depicts the country life wirh degorative
classifications.
John Milton wrote most famous about pastoral elegy in 'Lycidas',which was written on the death of King Edward. Pastoral elegy which uses the
pastoral elements to someone death or loss. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
that it gives a real view and audience can imagine about the rural or pastoral life. The pastoral is a literary style that shows a formal pictures of rural
life and the naturalness and innosence environment, which totally differ from the frustration and corruption in cities, the life of pastoralism is
characterized by laughter, song and absolute freedom from care and anxiety. It is a life of sweet deliciousness and joy. Pastoral is a mode of literature
in which author tried various techniques to place the complex life into simple

Analysis Of The Poem ' The Star Of The Show '
This topic is divided into four scene but this poem is all about the beauty & sacrifises
of urn . In this poem the star of the show is URN. keats describing the beauty of urn
in different ways. In the poem speaker is saying that it 's a married pride but still virgin.
Then the poet looks more closely at the specific scenes depicted on its sides. He praises
its shape but disses its "overwrought" decoration. Finally, he treats it like a sage with
wisdom to impart.
THE FIRST SCENE: MEN AND MAIDENSINTRODUCTION
classifications.
John Milton wrote most famous about pastoral elegy in 'Lycidas ',which was written on the death of King Edward. Pastoral elegy which uses the
pastoral

Lycidas
What Happens in "Lycidas"
1–5 The poet complains that he is unready (= "denial vain, and coy excuse")
6–36 No matter, Lycidas was a poet and his death must not pass without song. I too shall die one day and want someone to sing for me. Moreover,
Lycidas and I grew up and made poetry together, to the delight of many.
37–49 "But O the heavy change now, thou art gon": nature languishes in Lycidas's absence.
50–63 The nymphs were powerless to save him, as Calliope was powerless to save her son, the poet Orpheus.
64–76 Lycidas died young, before poetry could make him famous. Since life and fame are uncertain, why not devote oneself to the here and now, to the
pleasures of love?
76–84 Phoebus answers that true fame is found in heaven, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
izgiliz meclisinesilah metaphorunu kullanarak 'two–handed engine ' Еџeklinde tarih ediyor. Г§iГ§ekler de duygularД±nД± ifade etmek iГ§in
fazlasД±yla Еџiirde kullanД±lmД±Еџ ve kiЕџileЕџtirilmiЕџler. gГ¶rГјldГјДџГј Гјzere milton arkadaЕџД±na aДџД±t yakarken politik
dГјЕџГјncelerini de dile getiriyor.
Pastoral Elegy; Alternating Iambic Pentameter and Trimeter, Irregular Rhyme
Dead friend? Check.
Shepherds? Check.
That 's it, folks. That 's all you need to know about this poem to conclude that "Lycidas" is a pastoral elegy.
Great. But wait, what 's a pastoral elegy? Awesome question. It 's a type of poem invented by the Greek–speaking Sicilian poet Theocritus in the third
century BCE. There are two parts to this poem: the elegy part, and the pastoral part.
Milton covers the elegy angle by making this poem about his dead friend Edward King. An elegy is a poem mourning the death of someone, who is
almost always a fellow poet. Done.
As for the pastoral portion, well a pastoral poem is one that idealizes shepherds and country life, often presenting it as timeless and easy–going. In the
poem, Lycidas and the speaker are shepherds who, before Lycidas ' death, had a merry old time steering their sheep around the countryside.
These two types of poetry are combined in the pastoral elegy, a genre in which the speaker of the poem memorializes a fellow poet using a number of
features of the pastoral poem. In "Lycidas," the speaker frequently refers to an idyllic past in which he and

Augustan Poetic Tradition Essay
Augustan Poetic Tradition
"I do not in fact see how poetry can survive as a category of human consciousness if it does not put poetic considerations first–expressive
considerations, that is, based upon its own genetic laws which spring into operation at the moment of lyric conception."
–Seamus Heaney, "The Indefatigable Hoof–taps" (1988)
Seamus Heaney, the 1995 Nobel laureate, is one of the most widely read and celebrated poets now writing in English. He is also one of the most
traditional. Over a decade ago, Ronald Tamplin summed up Heaney's achievement and his relation to theliterary tradition in a judgment that remains
sound today: "In many ways he is not an innovative poet. He has not recast radically the habitual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heaney, in fact, is one of the most skilled practitioners of traditional verse forms writing at present. And since the poetic revolution is long over, and
unrhymed, unmetered verse–free verse–has for the better part of the last century been the norm, one is justified in asking why a serious contemporary
poet would be attracted to formal strains that lost their dominance some time around December 1910.
To answer this question I propose to focus on one of my favorite Heaney poems, "The Outlaw," from Door into the Dark (1969). The poem is written in
that most untwentieth–century of verse forms, the heroic couplet (that is, rhymed iambic pentameter couplets: aa, bb, cc, etc.). What would attract
Heaney to such an uncontemporary–even antiquated–verse form, one that seems so inappropriate for the subject matter of his early poetry? After all,
would Harold Pinter be likely to compose a neoclassical tragedy in the style of Addison's Cato? As I hope to show, the success of Heaney's poem–as
brilliant, I think, as the widely anthologized "Digging"– lies in his mastery of the couplet form and particularly in his exploiting its formal resources for
his own poetic purposes. To appreciate this achievement fully, the reader needs to set the poem not just in relation to the rural Irish themes of Heaney's
early poetry, but also–and more importantly–in the

"To be blind is not miserable; not to be able to bear blindness, that is miserable." This quote is from John Milton, 1600s great English poet. John
Milton focused on religion when writing his poetry. {Through his fulfilled life as a poet and his countless, yet inspiring works of poetry,} John Milton
became known as one of the best and inspirational poets of all time.
John Milton was born in London England on December 9, 1608. John's parents names were Sarah Jeffrey, and John Milton Sr. John and hisfamily were
classified as middle–class and they lived in a rich neighborhood. As a child, John attended St. Paul, a private school. Even though John's father was
Catholic, his father also classified himself as a Puritan. "John's religion, therefore, was an outgrowth ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After he finished his studies, he decided to go on a tour around Europe and he did meet a few interesting people that influenced him to write poetry. One
example is Galileo. While John was touring the city of Florence, he met Galileo, "who was under house arrest by the Inquisition for his heliocentric
views of the solar system" according to (Cliffnotes). John had an instant interest in science and whenever he wrote the poem Paradise Lost, he
incorporated some of the things he had learned from Galileo.
John Milton, indeed, had very many major accomplishments. Paradise Lost, as well as Paradise Regained, seem to have been very popular out of all
his work. According to the Britannica website, these two poems confirms Milton's reputation as one of the greatest English poets Lycidas was also a
very eloquent and popular poem. This poem was one of the early poems that he first wrote, along with the poem Comus.
Other poems that were well–known to the world were Sonnet 19: When I consider how my light is spent, On His Deceased Wife, and Light. Despite
the many themes John Milton followed, these poems could all fall under the religious

Alexander the Great administration
Alexander governs his administration using techniques of Macedonian and Persian's. The Persian satrap in Asia enabled Alexander to govern a large
amount of territory. In India, he replaced hostile rulers with rulers loyal to him and increased their territory. He used the Macedonia practice of
founding cities to encourage loyalty with the natives. While he allowed the Persians and Indians to move up in his administration, he primarily used
Macedonians.
Alexander took the throne of Macedonia after the assassination of his father. To secure his position as King, he moved quickly to establish himself.
Upon Philip's death, he had not settled the Greek city–states leaving them in a state of confusion. His death brought forth internal and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Susa, he appointed Abulites (Persian) as satrap of Susa and appointed his companion Mazars garrison commander. (A 173) Mazaeus, who had
been satrap of Syria under Darius and commander of the Persians at the battle of Gaugamela, was made satrap and allowed to produce coinage. (B
173) However, Apollodorus of Amphipolis commanded the garrison and Asclepiodorus collected the taxes (Arr. 3.16.4). To cover all possibilities
Alexander left Nicias and Amphipolitan with garrisons. (B174) The garrisons were Alexander's watchdogs and looked out for Macedonian interest. In
this he created a checks and balances system. Alexander showed that qualified Persians were able to compete with his Macedonians for leading
positions in his administration in Asia.
Alexander changed his standard approach to the organization of his administration in Egypt. Alexander did not follow the Persian system. Rather, he
divided the territory into four sections watering down its concentration of power. The division between civil and military was to provide security and
prevent any one person from using the mass wealth to challenge his empire. (Hammond 161) Alexander appointed Doloaspis an Egyptian as governor
and two of his companion's commanded garrisons in Memphis and Pelusium. Lycidas a Greek commanded the mercenaries. (Arrian 3.5) Eugnostus a
companion was Secretary of foreign troops, and "of Aeschylus and Ephippus of Chalcis to superintend the work of the two latter men" (Arrian 3.5)
In India,

Saul Bellow Seize the Day the Water Imagery
Water Imagery in Seize the Day
Saul Bellow's Seize the Day is one of the most profoundly sad novels to be written since Tender is the Night. On this day of reckoning, during the
seven hours or so that comprise the action of the novel, all the troubles that constitute the present condition of Wilhelm Adler descend upon him and
crush him, leaving him penniless, alone, and in such profound misery that one can hardly imagine his going on. He is, as he says, at the end of his
rope. This has been one of those days, he says to his wife, May I never live to go through another like it. We feel that he may not live at all, so great is
his misery, so completely has he been destroyed.
Yet if we look more deeply, more accurately, we see that the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were his brothers and sisters. He was imperfect and disfigured himself, but what difference did that make if he was united with them by this
blaze of love? And as he walked he began to say, Oh my brothers my brothers and my sisters, blessing them all as well as himself.
Although such feelings never last long and are usually fled from rather than welcomed, on this day of reckoning he remembers this experience and
thinks, I must go back to that. That's the right clue and may do me the most good. Something very big. Truth, like.
This affirmation, feeble as it is, constitutes his own dim recognition of the saving end of what more often appears to him as a destructive element his
own intensely emotional nature. He continually blames his failures on his strong and often uncontrollable emotions; yet we are finally made aware
that it is just this capacity to feel, more specifically this need to love and be loved, that makes possible the birth of Wilhelm's soul at the end of the
novel. Ultimately, the clearest indication that the action of Seize the Day is ironic is found in Bellow's attitude toward man's emotional nature, not just
as revealed in this novel but throughout his writing. That Bellow is in the tradition of the great English Romantic poets Wordsworth in particular in this
respect has been brilliantly argued by Irvin Stock in [The Southern Review, Winter 1967].
Understanding the structure of Bellow's novel to be ironic, we are now able to state its major

Pastoral By Thomas Gray
Secondly–in which writers draws a contrast between country and the urban life and thirdly–in which writer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
that it gives a real view and audience can imagine about the rural or pastoral life. The pastoral is a literary style that shows a formal pictures of
rural life and the naturalness and innosence environment, which totally differ from the frustration and corruption in cities, the life of pastoralism is
characterized by laughter, song and absolute freedom from care and anxiety. It is a life of sweet deliciousness and joy. Pastoral is a mode of
literature in which author tried vaThe story takes us to an asylum, "taking the notion of victimhood to its extreme" and gradually focuses on one old
Sikh inmate named Bishan Singh, but who is called Toba Tek Singh because he had been a wealthy landowner in a village of that name. Although
unable to speak except in nonsense syllables, 21 upon hearing of the intended transfer, he tries to find out whether Toba Tek Singh is in India or
Pakistan. He cannot understand why he is being uprooted from his home. That was the question over two million people asked their governments

The seventeenth century was a time of drastic world events. Queen Elizabeth died and England crowned her eldest son, James VI, king. The Puritans
fled the rule of the Church of England and land in Massachusetts. The world lost one of the greatest English writers, and the Black Plague consumed
England. In addition to these enormous events, a new English writer was born. His name was John Milton. Milton was born in a middle–class family,
and he received excellent schooling. A desire to learn drove this young man to travel the continent and to meet with many famous intellects. Milton
became involved in politics and wrote for the famous Oliver Cromwell, and finally, before his passing, he wrote the great English epic, Paradise Lost.
On December... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Milton praised the Puritans and Oliver Cromwell, making him a target for the English government. Milton began writing political propaganda, and,
in 1649, Cromwell named him Secretary for Foreign Tongues in Oliver Cromwell's government. Shortly after his appointment, Cromwell ordered
Milton to defend the English people so he wrote "Defensio Pro Populo Anglicano." His political work established his reputation as an esteemed
writer and poet. Sadly, Milton suffered from glaucoma, and began to lose his eyesight. By 1654, he was entirely blind. His blindness forced him to
use aids to write his works for him, but Milton's blindness did not stop his work. In 1658, Oliver Cromwell died, and the English Republic that
Cromwell and Milton had worked so hard to build collapsed. Milton published "A Treatise of Civil Power" to attack the Church ofEngland. Following
the Restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, fear forced Milton into hiding. He was later arrested as a defender of the Commonwealth, but the
government released him soon afterwards. After his release, Milton moved to Chalfont St. Giles and lived peacefully for the rest of his life. (John Milton

Nefertiti Monotheism
The idea of monotheism, free speech, and new views on religion, politics, and gender all come from people of Western Civilization. Specifically two
individuals of completely different eras. The first individual is Nefertiti, a queen from Ancient Egypt during a time when polytheism was at its
strongest. The second individual is John Milton, a famous poet mainly known for Paradise Lost from the European Renaissance. Nefertiti, "the perfect
woman has come" (McKay, Hill and Buckler 18), used her position as queen of Egypt to spread the monotheistic idea throughout Egypt and to unveil
equality between men and women during the 1300s BCE. Nefertiti and Akhenaten, her husband, began believing in one god Aton (Aten) using their
status to spread the sun god's word along Egypt and Akhenaten would parade equality between king and queen. John Milton used his poetry to express
his feelings about free speech towards religion, politics, and gender. His poem Paradise Lost displayed how humans are destined to fail and have
flaws which is accepted in society today. The beginning of Nefertiti's life is quiet unknown and jumbled together. Many pieces are missing and some
information is gathered using guessing. Her life is thought to begin in 1370 BCE in Egypt as a nonroyal, "she was a commoner whose ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the reign of Nefertiti and Akhenaten there was monotheism and polytheism. These royals believed in the cult while other citizens still believed
in Amun–Re and other Egyptian gods. It was one of the first religions to have one god and not multiple. Nefertiti's reign also proved to the world that
women were just as equal as men where. He husband would let her participate in rituals normally done by man and she was often seen by Akhenaten's
side at events instead of behind him. She even is seen as the brains to the start of the cult of Aten. Known to have more involvement with the religion
than her

Pastoral Elements In Pastoral Elegy
classifications.
John Milton wrote most famous about pastoral elegy in 'Lycidas',which was written on the death of King Edward. Pastoral elegy which uses the
pastoral elements to someone death or loss. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a romantic comedy, his idea towards pastoralism is that who ever comes in rural life, enjoys a natural and care free life and nothing to worry about
and he has shown court life as full of jealous people and fake courtiers. He has really touched the pastoral life in his play As You Like It, so that it gives
a real view and audience can imagine about the rural or pastoral life. The pastoral is a literary style that shows a formal pictures of rural life and the
naturalness and innosence environment, which totally differ from the frustration and corruption in cities, the life of pastoralism is characterized by
laughter, song and absolute freedom from care and anxiety. It is a life of sweet deliciousness and joy. Pastoral is a mode of literature in which author
tried various techniques to place the complex life into simple

Doubt In God
Victorian Doubt in God: Alfred Tennyson's In Memoriam           When I first got
this assignment I racked my brain for a topic that would interest me as well as something I could learn from. When I came across Alfred Lord
Tennyson it sparked my interest and as I read on I decided that I would write about him. My next decision was to pick one of his poems to research.
I finally chose In Memoriam I read the background on it and it interested me. In Memoriam is very long so I'm only going to discuss some it. But I
want to begin by discussing the Victorian Doubt in God. In ' Characteristics';, Carlyle discusses the same doubt in God that Tennyson feels in In
Memoriam, a doubt that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
           In a characteristically Victorian manner, Tennyson combines a deep interest
in contemporary science with an unorthodox, even idiosyncratic, Christian belief. In Memoriam, which he wrote between 1833 and 1850 contains his
most important confrontations with contemporary science, particularly with geology and biology. Drawing upon Charles Lyell's Principles of Geology
(1830–1833), Tennyson anticipated Darwinian conceptions of evolution and their implications, such the extinction of entire species, including man.
           As Voltaire once said, 'If God did not exist, it would have been necessary to
invent him.'; Human beings hunger for an understanding of why things are as they are. Organized religion had simply been bested in performing that
function by the natural sciences. Consequently, its popularity dropped considerably. Such an understanding had prompted Comte's philosophy of
positivism, which asserted that mankind, was progressing from a point when it would rely on science for understanding instead of 'superstition';. In
Memoriam presents the long struggle of a man trying to make sense of a world and a God that has taken his friend. In the process the concept of
typology incorporates evolutionary

Paradise Lost Analysis
The Renaissance era represents a complete break with the Middle Ages on a political, philosophical, scientifical and theological scale. Indeed, the
discovery of new territories and the expeditions of explorers such as Francis Drake, the resurgence of classic writtings, the new scientific outbreaks of
Copernicus, Newton and Galilei as well as the Protestant reformation led by Luther and his 95 Theses, triggered a will for knowledge and a quest for
truth, thus putting an end to the intellectual hegemony of the Roman Catholic Church in Western Europe. Intellectuals of this era began to think on
mankind, looking for answers outside of the Religious constraints. Written during this context of political and religious upheaval, Paradise Lost, an ...
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First, Milton depicts the snake which Satan is possessing, as an incredibly beautiful animal. The main strategy of Satan to try to corrupt the naive
mind of Eve is to appear as a magnificent snake. According to the narrator, his physical appearance is so pleasing that never a snake will be as
beautiful (on verse 504 "pleasing was his shape, and lovely, never since a serpent lovelier"). To describe the snake, the narrator use the lexical field of
precious material: "carbuncle his eyes" on verse 500, "neck of verdent gold" on verse 501. Here Satan seems to have chosen a snake whose
appearance can attract Eve only because his similitude with precious material. In a kind of materialist temptation, he tries to appeal to Eve inner sin
of cupidity to seduce her. But there is something paradoxical in the way the snake is depicted as a beautiful creature. Indeed, the snake is often
assimilated with death, the venom of some species of snakes such as the cobra can kill a man in less than one hour. It also an animal that generate
instinctive fear in most human (and occurence of Ophidiophobia can be found everywhere). Here death and beauty become assimilated in one animal.
It can thus be perceived as personification of the treachery of satan: behind the beaty of his rethoric, of his discourse hides a terrible fates, the
banishment of Man from Heaven. This can also underline the interest of humans for macabre, dark topics. We can see since the dawn of age

Analysis Of The Poem ' Lycidas ' By Paul J. Alpes
The traditional pastoral poems follow a creative style that romanticize rural life and landscapes, which drifted away from industrialization. The
quintessential pastoral poems have been described by Paul J. Alpes as a "double longing after innocence and happiness; that it is based on
philosophical antithesis of Art and Nature; that its universal idea is the Golden Age; that its fundamental motive is hostility to urban life." (10). Some
literary critics have made the assertion that Milton's poem "Lycidas" follows the traditional pastoral conventions, for instance, Samuel Johnson
recognized the poem as a traditional pastoral because it depicted an idealized life of rural leisure. Moreover, he claims that Milton's pastoral poem is
"easy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speaker challenges the customary idyllic landscape like the "laurels" and "myrtles" by destructively picking the flowers and berries off the trees,
instead of the speaker being grounded in nature like the other speakers in traditional pastoral poems, he destroys it. Furthermore, Milton turns the
pastoral into one of mourning because the speaker's compulsion for disturbing nature before "season due" all stems from the death of Lycidas who
died in his "prime". As the poem continues, the speaker explains the romanticized pastoral landscape where he and Lycidas were once shepherds: "For
were nursed upon the self– same hill, / Fed the same flock, by the fountain, shade, and rill. Together both, ere the high lawns appeared" (23– 25).
These lines display how the speaker can reach nostalgia with these pastoral fantasies that distance him away from reality. However, the speaker soon
leaves the romantic when he laments about Lycidas: "And old Damoetas loved to hear our song. / But O the heavy change, now thou art gone," (36 –
37). The speaker being able to come back to reality demonstrates how the Milton is unable to emphasize the traditional romantic pastoral setting of
peace and joy because of the emotional anguish the speaker has. Furthermore, Milton alludes to the fact that one must remove themselves from an
idealized world for them to grieve properly. The amount of control that the speaker had over his decision to leave his pastoral fantasy is

Milton's Pastoral Imagery in Lycidas

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Milton's Pastoral Imagery in Lycidas