2. IRS
• Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are a
series of Earth Observation satellites, built,
launched and maintained by Indian Space
Research Organisation.
• The IRS series provides many remote sensing
services to India.
3. • Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite system was
commissioned with the launch of IRS1A, in 1988.
• With twelve satellites in operation, IRS is the
largest civilian remote sensing satellite
constellation in the world providing imageries in a
variety of spatial resolutions, spectral bands and
swaths.
• The data is used for several applications covering
agriculture, water resources, urban development,
mineral prospecting, environment, forestry,
drought and flood forecasting, ocean resources
and disaster management.
4. IRS-1A
• Launch Date: March 17, 1988
• IRS-1A, the first of the series of indigenous state-
of-art remote sensing satellites, was successfully
launched into a polar sun synchronous orbit on
March 17, 1988 from the Soviet Cosmodrome at
Baikonur.
• IRS-1A carries two cameras, LISS-I and LISS-II with
resolutions of 73 metres and 36.25 metres
respectively with a swath width of about 140 km
during each pass over the country.
8. IRS-1B
• Launch Date: 29.08.1991
• Improved features compared to its
predecessor: gyro referencing for better
orientation sensing, time tagged commanding
(IRS-1A) facility for more flexilibility in camera
operation and line count information for
better data product generation.
• Mission completed on December 20, 2003
after serving for 12 years and 4 months.
11. IRS-1C
• Launch Date: 28.12.1995
• IRS-1C is India's second generation operational
Remote Sensing Satellite.
• The satellite carries Payloads with enhanced
capabilities like better Spatial resolution
additional spectral band, improved repeitivity
and augment the Remote Sensing capability of
the existing IRS-1A and IRS-1B.
• Mission completed on September 21, 2007 after
serving for 11 years and 8 months.
14. IRS-P3
• Launch Date: 21.03.1996
• IRS-P3 was launched by PSLV-D3 on March 21,
1996 from SHAR Centre, Sriharikota, India.
• IRS-P3 carries two remote sensing payloads -
Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) similar to that of IRS-1C,
with an additional Short Wave Infrared Band
(SWIR) and a Modular Opto-electronic Scanner
(MOS).
• It also carries an X-ray astronomy payload and a
C-band transponder for radar calibration.
• Mission completed during January 2006 after
serving 9 years and 10 months.
17. IRS-1D
• Launch Date: 27.09.1997
• IRS – 1D was launched on September 27, 1997 by
PSLV – C1.
• IRS – 1D, a follow on satellite to IRS – 1C belongs to
the second generation of IRS series of Satellites. It
has 3 payloads viz., PAN, LISS 3 & WiFS.
• It has similar capabilities as IRS – 1C in terms of
spatial resolution, spectral bands, stereoscopic
imaging, wide field coverage and revisit capability.
• The improvements carried out in the IRS – 1D
satellite taking into account the IRS – 1C experiences
have resulted in better quality imageries. Mission
completed during January 2010 after serving for 12
years and 3 months.
20. IRS-P4/ OCEANSAT
• Launch Date: 26.05.1999
• IRS-P4 (OCEANSAT) is the first satellite primarily built
for Ocean applications, weighing 1050 kg placed in a
Polar Sun Synchronous orbit of 720 km, launched by
PSLV-C2 from SHAR Centre, Sriharikota on May 26,
1999.
• This satellite carries Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) and a
Multi - frequency Scanning Microwave Radiometer
(MSMR) for oceanographic studies.
• IRS-P4 thus vastly augment the IRS satellite system of
ISRO comprising four satellites, IRS-1B, IRS-1C, IRS-P3
and IRS-1D and extend remote sensing applications to
several newer areas.
• Mission completed on August 8, 2010 after serving for
11 years and 2 months.
23. IRS-P6/Resourcesat-1
• Launch Date: 17.10.2003
• RESOURCESAT-1 is the tenth satellite of ISRO
in IRS series, intended to not only continue
the remote sensing data services provided by
IRS-1C and IRS-1D, both of which have far
outlived their designed mission lives, but also
to vastly enhance the data quality.
• RESOURCESAT-1 is the most advanced Remote
Sensing Satellite built by ISRO as of 2003.
26. CARTOSAT-1
• Launch Date: 05.05.2005
• CARTOSAT – 1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing
Satellite capable of providing in-orbit stereo images.
• The images are used for Cartographic applications
meeting the global requirements. Cameras of this
satellite have a resolution of 2.5m.
• The Cartosat – 1 provides stereo pairs required for
generating Digital Elevation Models, Ortho Image
products, and Value added products for various
applications of Geographical Information System
(GIS).
34. CARTOSAT-2A
• Launch Date: 28.04.2008
• CARTOSAT – 2A is the thirteenth satellite in the Indian
Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS).
• It is a sophisticated and rugged remote sensing satellite
that can provide scene specific spot imagery.
• This satellite carries a Panchromatic Camera (PAN).
• The spatial resolution of this camera is better than 1m
and swath of 9.6 km.
• Imageries from this satellite are used for cartographic
applications like mapping, urban and rural
infrastructure development and management, as well
as application in Land Information (LIS) and
Geographical Information System (GIS).
37. CARTOSAT-2B
• Launch Date: 12.07.2010
• CARTOSAT - 2B is the seventeenth satellite in the
Indian Remote Sensing Satellite series (IRS).
• CARTOSAT-2B carries a Panchromatic camera (PAN)
similar to those of its predecessors - CARTOSAT-2
and 2A.
• It is capable of imaging a swath (geographical strip)
of 9.6 km with a resolution of better than 1 metre.
• The scene specific spot imagery sent by CARTOSAT-
2B's PAN will be useful for cartographic and a host
of other applications.
40. RISAT-1
• Launch Date: 26.04.2012
• Radar Satellite-1 (RISAT-1) is a state of the art
Microwave Remote Sensing Satellite carrying a
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Payload
operating in C-band (5.35 GHz), which enables
imaging of the surface features during both
day and night under all weather conditions.
41. Application
• Active Microwave Remote Sensing provides
cloud penetration and day-night imaging
capability.
• These unique characteristics of C-band
(5.35GHz) Synthetic Aperture Radar enable
applications in agriculture, particularly paddy
monitoring in kharif season and management
of natural disasters like flood and cyclone.
44. RISAT-2
• Launch Date: 20.04.2009
• RISAT-2 is a Radar Imaging Satellite with all
weather capability to take images of the earth.
• This Satellite will enhance ISRO's capability
for Disaster Management applications.
46. OCEANSAT-2
• Launch Date: 23.09.2009
• Oceansat-2 satellite mainframe systems derive their heritage
from previous IRS missions and launched by PSLV-C14 from
Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota on Sept. 23, 2009.
• It carries three payloads:
• Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM 2)
• Ku-band Pencil Beam scatterometer (SCAT) developed by
ISRO
• Radio Occultation Sounder for Atmosphere (ROSA)
developed by the Italian Space Agency.
• Oceansat-2 is envisaged to provide continuity of operational
services of Oceansat-1(IRS-P4) with enhanced application
potential.
49. RESOURCESAT-2
• Launch Date: 20.04.2011
• RESOURCESAT-2 is a follow on mission to
RESOURCESAT-1 and the eighteenth Remote
Sensing satellite built by ISRO.
• RESOURCESAT-2 is intended to continue the
remote sensing data services to global users
provided by RESOURCESAT-1, and to provide
data with enhanced multispectral and spatial
coverage as well.
50. Important changes in RESOURCESAT-2
compared to RESOURCESAT-1 are
• Enhancement of LISS-4 multispectral swath
from 23 km to 70 km and improved
Radiometric accuracy from 7 bits to 10 bits for
LISS-3 and LISS-4 and 10 bits to 12 bits for
AWIFS.
• Besides, suitable changes, including
miniaturisation in payload electronics, have
been made in RESOURCESAT-2.
51. • RESOURCESAT-2 also carries an additional
payload known as AIS (Automatic
Identification System) from COMDEV, Canada
as an experimental payload for ship
surveillance in VHF band to derive position,
speed and other information about ships.
• RESOURCESAT-2 carries two Solid State
Recorders with a capacity of 200 Giga Bytes
each to store the images taken by its cameras
which can be read out later to ground
stations.
54. MEGHA- TROPIQUES
• Launch Date: 12.10.2011
• Megha-Tropiques is an Indo-French Joint
Satellite Mission for studying the water cycle
and energy exchanges in the tropics.
• The main objective of this mission is to
understand the life cycle of convective
systems that influence the tropical weather
and climate and their role in associated
energy and moisture budget of the
atmosphere in tropical regions.
55. • Megha-Tropiques will provide scientific data on
the contribution of the water cycle to the
tropical atmosphere, with information on
condensed water in clouds, water vapour in the
atmosphere, precipitation, and evaporation.
• With its circular orbit inclined 20 deg to the
equator, the MeghaTropiques is a unique
satellite for climate research that should also
aid scientists seeking to refine prediction
models.
56. Megha-Tropiques carries the following
four payloads:
• Microwave Analysis and Detection of Rain and
Atmospheric Structures (MADRAS), an Imaging
Radiometer developed jointly by CNES and ISRO
• Sounder for Probing Vertical Profiles of Humidity
(SAPHIR), from CNES
• Scanner for Radiation Budget (ScaRaB), from
CNES
• Radio Occultation Sensor for Vertical Profiling of
Temperature and Humidity (ROSA), procured
from Italy
