2. Respiration
Process of air exchange
Oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is
eliminated
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli
3. Four parts of respiration
Ventilation – movement of air between the
atmosphere and alveoli
Perfusion – blood flow through the lungs
Diffusion – oxygen and carbon dioxide are
transferred between alveoli and blood
Regulation – respiratory muscles and nervous
system
4. Respiratory Tract
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Series of tubes that function as airway
passages
Filter, warm and humidify incoming air
5. Pharynx
Contain the tonsils – normal function is to
fight infection
Larynx – voice box
6. Epiglottis
Flexible cartilage – supported flap that covers
the opening of the trachea or (glottis).
It automatically closes the opening to the
trachea during swallowing.
If you eat food to fast it can get lodged in the
trachea.
13. Lungs
Right side has 3 lobes
Left side 2 lobes
Contains the lower respiratory structures
14. Bronchi
Definition: The bronchi are small air
passages, composed of hyaline cartilage,
that extend from the trachea to the
bronchioles. There are two bronchi in the
human body that branch off from the trachea.
The bronchi are lined with mucous
membranes that secrete mucus and cilia that
sweep the mucus and particles up and out of
the airways.
15.
16. Alveoli
Have a very thin membrane that allows rapid
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between capillary blood and alveolar air
spaces.
Lined with surfactant to prevent alveolar
collapse.
17. Surfactant
Essential fluid that lines the alveoli and
smallest bronchioles.
Reduces surface tension of the lung allowing
the oxygen and carbon dioxide across the
membrane.
20. Lack of Surfactant
Premature infants can have Respiratory
Distress Syndrome due to immaturity of
lungs.
Persons with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease (COPD).
21. Nervous System Role
Nervous system regulates the rate and depth
of respirations.
Medulla oblongata is the respiratory control
system of the brain.
Cough reflex is stimulated by nervous
system.
22. Disorders of Respiratory System
Infections: bronchiolitis or pneumonia
Allergic disorders
Inflammatory disorders
Obstructive airway disorders
Bronchial pulmonary dysplasia – premature
infants
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)
Injury to lungs