2. OBJECTIVES
What is perception
Perception process
Factors effected to perception process
Problems of perception
Importance of perception
Methods of overcome perception issues
3. WHAT IS PERCEPTION
• Complex cognitive process that yields a unique picture of world.
• Simply how a person understand the world/environment is
perception.
Perception is important for understanding individual differences
because how people perceived a situation determines how people
behave. Perception is part of that personal dimension that makes
people see situations differently as well as shapes their attitude in
terms of their work environment.
11. FACTORS EFFECTED TO PERCEPTION PROCESS
Perceiver
Personality/ Learning & Education/Attitudes/Motivation/Experience/
Expectation
Situation
Situation does not only mean a place. Situation is inclusive of an event or an
occasion when people interact. A situation may be important in
understanding first impressions. - Lightning/Heat
Target
Movement/Quantity/ Loud
12. PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION
• The perceptual process may result in a person making errors in
judgement or understanding of another person. The most common
types of perceptual errors are:
Accuracy in judgment
Perceptual defense
Stereotyping
The halo effect
Projection
Role of culture
13. Accuracy in judgment
• Similarity error – assuming that people who are similar to us ( in
of background, interests and hobbies) will behave like us.
• Contrast error – comparing people to others rather than to some
absolute standard.
• Overweighting of negative information – a tendency to overreact to
something negative.
• Race, age, and gender bias – tendency to be more or less positive
based on one’s race, age, of sex.
• First-impression error – forming first impressions that are resistant to
change.
PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION CONT.
14. o Perceptual defense
The tendency for people to protect themselves against ideas, objects,
or situations that are threatening.
o Stereotyping
The belief that all members of a specific group share similar traits and
behaviors.
o Halo effect
A tendency to color everything we know about a person because of
one recognizable favourable or unfavourable trait.
o Projection
tendency to see one’s traits in others.
o The role of culture
Culture influence our perception in selecting information and
exhibiting a behavioural pattern in situations
PROBLEMS OF PERCEPTION CONT.
15. IMPORTANCE OF PERCEPTION
• Perception decide behavior
• Perceive organization as whole
• Interpersonal working relationships
• Selection of employees
• Performance appraisals
• Impression management
16. OVERCOME PERCEPTION ISSUES
Avoiding attribution
Open communication
Enhancing self concept
Being empathic
Having positive attitudes
Knowing & perceiving one self accurately