dfhdfh

2. ‫ال‬skull‫منين‬ ‫بصالها‬ ‫انا‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫على‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫لكذا‬ ‫بتتقسم‬...‫ال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫المرادى‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫اللى‬
norma lateralis‫لل‬ ‫بصى‬ ‫انى‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫بمعنا‬ ‫او‬skull‫الجنب‬ ‫من‬...‫عايزة‬ ‫انا‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫ده‬
‫ال‬ ‫اشوف‬infratemporal fossa
‫ال‬ ‫اصال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ايه‬infratemporal fossa‫؟‬!
‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫دى‬zygomatic arch‫ليه‬boundaries‫ليه‬ ‫و‬
contents

3. Bones of the temporal fossa:
1. Parietal bone.
2. Frontal bone.
3. Greater wing of sphenoid.
4. Squamous bone of temporal
bone.
Boundaries:
1. Superior superior temporal
line.
2. Inferior  zygomatic arch.
3. Anteriorly  frontozygomatic suture.
Temporal fossa
1
3
2
4

4. ‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫دى‬temporal fossa‫ال‬ ‫بس‬ ‫بينهم‬ ‫بيفصل‬ ‫و‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬zygomatic arch
Boundaries:
Lateral  coronoid and condylar process of mandibular ramus
Medially  lateral pterygoid plate and pharynx
Anteriorly  maxilla
Posteriorly  mastoid and styloid process
Superiorly  connected to the temporal fossa and separated from
it by zygomatic arch
Contents:
1. 2 muscles  medial and lateral pterygoid.
2. 2 nerves  mandibular and chorda tympani.
3. 2 vessels  maxillary artery and pterygoid plexus of veins.
4. 1 ganglion  otic ganglion
Infratemporal fossa

5. Frontal bone
Pterygoid bone Zygomatic bone
Frontal bone Greater wing of sphenoid Temporal bone

6. 1. Superior temporal line  structure attached: temporalis fascia.
2. Inferior temporal line  structure attached: origin of temporalis
muscle.
3. zygomatic arch  structure attached: origin of masseter.
4. Infratemporal surface of Greater wing of sphenoid  upper
head of lateral pterygoid muscle.
5. Maxillary tuberosity  origin of superficial head of medial
pterygoid muscle.
6. Styloid process  origin of 3 muscles: styloglossus, stylohyoid
and stylopharyngeus
And 3 ligaments: stylohyoid and stylomandibular.
7. Medial surface of Mastoid process  posterior belly of digastric.
8. Pterygomaxillary fissure  between lateral pterygoid plate and
maxilla .. Fossa related: pterygopalatine fossa.

7. Frontal bone
Superior temporal line:
Temporal fascia
Temporal bone Inferior temporal line:
Temporal muscle
Squamous part of
temporal bone
Frontozygomatic
suture
Greater wing
of sphenoid
Zygomatic arch:
Masseter muscle
Maxillary tuberosity:
Superficial head
of medial pterygoid
Mental
foramen:
Mental N.V
Origin of masseter
Coronoid process:
temporalis
Neck:
Lateral pterygoid
Mastoid process
Styloid process
Origin of anterior belly digastric

8. Now we can revise

9. ‫فال‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بسيطة‬ ‫حاجات‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫هنعرف‬norma basalis
1.Foramen ovale‫ال‬ ‫منه‬ ‫بيطلع‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫ده‬mandibular nerve‫على‬ ‫جنبه‬ ‫بيكون‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫طول‬otic ganglion‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫بيعدى‬ ‫كمان‬ ‫و‬accessory meningeal artery
and lesser petrosal nerve
2.Pterygoid plate‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫تعتبر‬norma basalis
Pterygoid plate has a lateral and medial limbs each has lateral and
medial side,
The lateral surface of lateral pteryoid bone  origin of lower head
lateral pterygoid muscle.
The medial surface of lateral pteryoid bone  origin of deep head
of medial pterygoid muscle.

10. Medial pterygoid plate Lateral pterygoid plate Styloid process mastoid process

11. Foramen ovale

12. ‫جوه‬ ‫على‬ ‫ندخل‬ ‫بعدين‬ ‫و‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫االول‬ ‫بره‬ ‫من‬ ‫هنشوف‬
‫ال‬mandible‫من‬ ‫مكون‬ ‫اصال‬:
Head (containing the condylar process) - neck – coronoid process 
ramus
And body
1.‫ال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫و‬ ‫اال‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫هنالقى‬ ‫بره‬ ‫من‬mental foramen‫ال‬ ‫هم‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫بيعدى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫و‬
mental nerves and vessels
2.‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫علم‬ ‫لو‬ramus‫ال‬ ‫سألنى‬ ‫و‬ ‫بره‬ ‫من‬ ‫كده‬structure attached‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬insertion
of masseter
.3‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بره‬ ‫من‬ ‫خط‬ ‫فى‬mandible‫ال‬ ‫قدام‬ ‫مايل‬3rd molar tooth...‫ال‬ ‫سموه‬
oblique line‫ال‬ ‫سألنى‬ ‫لو‬Structure attached‫ال‬ ‫هقوله‬buccinatororigin of
4.‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫شاور‬ ‫لو‬coronoid process‫و‬‫ال‬ ‫سألنى‬ ‫و‬structure attached‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬
insertion of temporalis muscle
5.‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫شاور‬ ‫لو‬ ‫اخرا‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اخيرا‬neck‫ال‬ ‫سألنى‬ ‫و‬structure attached‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬
insertion of lateral pterygoid muscle

13. ‫المهم‬ ‫على‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫ندخل‬....‫اوى‬ ‫كتير‬ ‫حاجات‬ ‫فى‬ ‫جوه‬ ‫من‬
1.‫ال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫من‬ ‫نخلص‬ ‫اوال‬mandibular foramen‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫بيعدى‬ ‫ده‬inferior
alveolar nerves and vessels‫السنان‬ ‫تغذى‬ ‫تروح‬ ‫عشان‬
2.‫اسمهم‬ ‫كده‬ ‫مدورين‬ ‫حاجتين‬ ‫فى‬ ‫قدام‬ ‫هالقى‬genial tubercle‫منهم‬ ‫فى‬2‫و‬ ‫فوق‬2‫فوق‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫تحت‬
‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬superior genial tubercles‫تحت‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫و‬inferior
‫بتدى‬ ‫منهم‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫و‬origin‫ل‬muscle‫معينة‬
Superior genial tubercles  origin of genioglossus muscle
inferior genial tubercles  origin of geniohyoid muscle
3.‫برده‬ ‫بالورب‬ ‫خط‬ ‫هالقى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بعد‬...‫بره‬ ‫من‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫عندنا‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ما‬ ‫زى‬..‫هسميه‬ ‫هنا‬mylohyoid line
‫النه‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫ده‬landmark‫ل‬3‫حاجات‬:
‫بيدى‬ ‫نفسه‬ ‫هو‬ ‫اوال‬origin of mylohyoid muscle
‫ال‬ ‫فى‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫قدام‬ ‫من‬ ‫فوقيه‬ ‫ثانيا‬
sublingual fossa for sublingual salivary gland
‫شويه‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحته‬ ‫اما‬
submandibular fossa for submandibular salivary gland

14. 4.‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫شاور‬ ‫لو‬inferior surface of the mandible‫هنقوله‬
origin of superior belly of digastric
5.‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬mylohyoid line‫فيه‬groove‫اسمه‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫صغير‬mylohyoid groove‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫بيعدى‬mylohyoid nerves and vessels
6.‫ال‬ ‫عند‬ ‫و‬last molar tooth‫فى‬groove‫اسمه‬ ‫تانى‬lingual groove‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫هيعدى‬
lingual nerves and vessels‫يعتبر‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬dangerous site
7.‫ال‬mandibular notch‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫يعدى‬ ‫عشان‬
masseteric artery of 2nd part maxillary artery
8.‫ال‬ ‫فوق‬mandibular foramen‫سموها‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫زى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫طلعه‬ ‫حته‬ ‫فى‬lingula‫دى‬
‫ال‬ ‫عشان‬attachment of sphenomandibular ligament
9.‫ال‬ ‫اخيرا‬medial surface of the angle of the mandible‫هتيبقى‬
Insertion of medial pterygoid muscle

15. Neck: lateral pterygoid
Mandibular notch: maxillary artery
Coronoid process: temporalis
Sublingual fossa: gland
Lingual groove: N/V
Superior genial tubercle:
genioglossus
Mylohyoid line: mylohyoid muscle
Medial surface of the
mandibular angle:
medial pterygoid
Submandibular fossa: gland
Inferior genial tubercle:
geniohyoid
Lingula:
Sphenomandibular
ligament

16. Now u can revise

17. ligamentsInsertionOrigin
Sphenomandibular
(lingula)
TemporalisBuccinator
Stylomandibular
(angle)
MasseterMylohyoid
Pterygomandibular raphe
(mylohyoid line)
Medial pterygoidAnterior belly digastric
Lateral tempormandibular
(lateral aspect of the neck)
Lateral pterygoidGenioglossus
PlatysmaGeniohyoid
VesselsjointsNerves
Termination of external
carotid  behind the neck
Tempromandibular
(ellipsoid synovial)
Lingual nerve
(medial to 3rd molar tooth)
1st part maxillary artery 
medial to the neck
Symphysis menti
(2ry cartilagenous)
Auriculotemporal nerve
(medial to the neck)
Facial artery  lateral
aspect of the ramus
(beside masseter)
Lateral tempormandibular
(lateral aspect of the neck)

18. Neck
Pterygoid fovea
(front)
Lateral
Pterygomandibular
ligament
(laterally)
Termination of external carotid
(behind)
1st part maxillary
Auriculotemporal nerve
(medially)

19. By: ASM

20. 1. Temporalis muscle
2. Masseter muscle
3. Lateral pterygoid
4. Medial pterygoid
superficial
deep

21. •‫ال‬temporalis‫كده‬ ‫من‬ ‫اسهل‬ ‫مفيش‬...‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫هالقيها‬
skull‫فال‬temporal fossa‫عامله‬ ‫و‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫هالقيها‬
‫المروحة‬ ‫زى‬...‫فيها‬ ‫يغلط‬ ‫محدش‬ ‫دى‬
•‫ال‬masseter‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫هدور‬ ‫دى‬outer surface of
the ramus mandibule‫بشوف‬ ‫النى‬ ‫برضه‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫دى‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫عليها‬parotid gland and duct‫هنشوفهم‬ ‫دول‬ ‫و‬
‫جاى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫السيكشن‬...‫ال‬ ‫هالقى‬duct‫كده‬ ‫فوقيها‬ ‫معديه‬..‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫نايمه‬ ‫نفسها‬ ‫هى‬ramus

22. Temporalis

23. masseter

24. Temporalis muscle

25. Masseter muscle

26. ‫هالقيهم‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫دول‬deep‫ال‬2‫بالطول‬ ‫التانية‬ ‫و‬ ‫بالعرض‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫بس‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫فوق‬
‫واحدة‬ ‫بتبقى‬ ‫غالبا‬ ‫و‬fleshy‫التانية‬ ‫و‬tendenous
Transverse and fleshy  lateral pterygoid
Longitudinal and tendenous  medial pterygoid
of all muscles of mastication is anterior division
of mandibular nerve except medial pterygoid take nerve supply
from the main trunk
temporalis  elevation and retraction of the mandible.
Masseter  elevation and protraction
Lateral pterygoid  depress and protraction and chewing action.
Medial pterygoid  elevation and protraction and chewing
action.
Nerve supply
Action

27. ‫ال‬2‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫هنشوفهم‬ ‫دايما‬ ‫دول‬..‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫حته‬ ‫منها‬ ‫مكسور‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫هيجيب‬
mandible‫منهم‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫على‬ ‫يشاور‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬inferior alveolar‫فال‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫هالقيه‬mandibular foramen‫ال‬ ‫جوه‬bone
‫فالعينة‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫هيبان‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫اما‬lingual nerve‫هنالقيه‬ ‫ده‬‫وراه‬ ‫ماشى‬
Inferior alveolar nerve  innervate the lower teeth, motor nerve
to mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly digastric also give
incisive branch (1st premolar, canine, incisor teeth and the
associated gingiva) and mental branch to the chin and lower
lip
Lingual nerve  dangerous site: opposite to the last molar
tooth, carry general sensation the lower jaw and anterior 2/3
of the tongue

28. Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve

29. ‫ال‬ ‫ده‬artery‫فال‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫الوحيد‬infratemporal fossa
‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫بالعرض‬ ‫ماشى‬ ‫هنالقيه‬lateral pterygoid
muscle...‫ال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هنشوفوا‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫تحديدا‬ ‫و‬2nd part‫بتاعه‬
‫قولى‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫يسألك‬ ‫ممكن‬2 branches‫مثال‬
‫صفحة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫مكتوبه‬17

33. Palatine process of maxilla Horizontal plate of palatine bone

34. 1. Tensor palati
2. Levator palati
3. Palatoglossus
4. Palatopharyngeus
5. Musculus uvulae
In the practical section, we’ll see all except the
upper 2

35. •‫فال‬mouth cavity‫اللى‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫من‬ ‫نزله‬ ‫كده‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫هنالقى‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫من‬
‫دى‬ ‫فالمرايا‬ ‫مدلدله‬ ‫بتشوفها‬ ‫انت‬:D‫ال‬ ‫دى‬uvula‫عمالها‬muscle
‫اسمها‬musculus uvulae
•‫ال‬ ‫على‬cadever‫ال‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫هتالقى‬uvula‫فال‬mouth cavity
2 folds‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫ماسك‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫االوالنى‬palate‫لل‬tongue‫هيبقى‬ ‫و‬
‫معاك‬ ‫هيترفع‬ ‫اللسان‬ ‫شديت‬ ‫لو‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫باين‬...‫اسمه‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫ده‬
palatoglossal fold‫بدل‬ ‫بس‬ ‫اسمه‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫هتاخد‬ ‫بعضلة‬ ‫معمول‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬
al‫هتبقى‬us‫يعنى‬palatoglossus
•‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫ماسك‬ ‫بس‬ ‫بالظبط‬ ‫شبها‬ ‫تانى‬ ‫خط‬ ‫وراه‬palate‫فال‬ ‫لحته‬
pharynx‫اسمه‬ ‫هيبقى‬palatopharyngeal fold‫من‬ ‫معمول‬ ‫و‬
‫اسمها‬ ‫عضلة‬palatopharyngeus
•‫ال‬ ‫بين‬ ‫فالنص‬ ‫دبوس‬ ‫حطلك‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫لو‬2‫دى‬ ‫ان‬ ‫هتقوله‬tonsillar bed
‫ال‬ ‫مكان‬palatine tonsil
‫؟‬ ‫كده‬ ‫سهلة‬...‫؟‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫على‬ ‫نشوفها‬ ‫يال‬

36. Musculus uvulae

37. palatoglossus
Attached to the palate above
Attached to the tongue below

38. Attached to the palate above
Attached to the pharynx below (thyroid cartilage)
palatopharyngeus

39. Palatine tonsil
or tonsillar bed
Palatoglossal fold
Palatopharyngeal fold

40. Blood supply:
1. Greater palatine  maxillary
2. Ascending palatine  facial
3. Palatine branch of ascending pharyngeal
Nerve supply (V.Imp):
Motor  all muscles are supplied by cranial part of accessory except
tensor palati from mandibular nerve
Sensory general  hard  greater palatine and nasopalatine
soft  lesser palatine and glossopharyngeal
taste  lesser palatine
Palatine glands  from facial nerve that relay in sphenopalatine
ganglion to give lesser palatine
‫على‬ ‫شاور‬ ‫لو‬muscle‫ال‬ ‫اى‬ ‫سألك‬ ‫و‬N.S‫ال‬ ‫هتقوله‬motor‫طبعا‬ ‫بس‬
‫ال‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫قلك‬ ‫لو‬N.S‫ال‬ ‫بتاع‬palate‫كله‬ ‫هتكتب‬ ‫يبقى‬ ‫سكت‬ ‫و‬
Revise pg 22-25

42. tongue
•‫ال‬tip‫ال‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫هيقولك‬ ‫جه‬ ‫لو‬lymph drainage
•‫يقولك‬ ‫و‬ ‫حته‬ ‫اى‬ ‫عال‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫يشاور‬ ‫او‬enumerate muscles
of the tongue
•‫ال‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫و‬N.S and blood supply and action of
each muscle‫مهمة‬

43. Muscles of the tongue are:
1. Intrinsic
2. Extrinsic:
a. Styloglossus
b. Palatoglossus
c. Genioglossus
d. Hyoglossus

44. ‫ال‬ ‫هنشوف‬ ‫احنا‬genio and palato
‫ال‬palato‫ال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫شوفناها‬ ‫خالص‬palate
‫ال‬ ‫فاضل‬genioglossus‫اى‬ ‫دى‬ ‫و‬muscle fiber‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫هيشاور‬medial surface
‫بقى‬ ‫فى‬muscle‫تحتيها‬ ‫قوى‬ ‫رفيعة‬...‫ال‬ ‫هنسميها‬geniohyoid
‫اتلخبط‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫كده‬ ‫مانا‬ ‫طب‬...‫دى‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫اذا‬ ‫منين‬ ‫اعرف‬geniohyoid‫ال‬ ‫و‬mylohyoid
*‫بسيطة‬...‫ال‬geniohyoid‫دى‬muscle‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫رفيعة‬genioglossus‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬medial
surface‫اقل‬ ‫مش‬ ‫انها‬ ‫هنالقى‬ ‫دلوقتى‬ ‫نشوفها‬ ‫ال‬ ‫و‬muscle‫تحتها‬ ‫تانية‬ ‫واحدة‬ ‫فى‬ ‫ال‬
*‫ال‬ ‫عايز‬ ‫لو‬ ‫اما‬mylohyoid‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫هيشاور‬floor of the mouth‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫من‬mandible
‫كده‬
‫تلخبطنى‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫تانية‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫برضه‬ ‫طيب‬...‫فال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عارف‬ ‫انا‬floor of the mouth under
the mandible‫االقى‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫انا‬muscle‫اسمها‬ ‫تانية‬digastric muscle‫؟‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫افرق‬!
‫برضه‬ ‫سهلة‬...‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عارفين‬ ‫احنا‬digastric‫من‬ ‫مكونة‬3‫حتت‬
Anterior belly, intermediate tendon and posterior belly
‫حته‬ ‫هنالقى‬muscle‫ال‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫صغيرة‬mylohyoid‫فى‬ ‫ماسكة‬ ‫و‬tendon‫ال‬ ‫دى‬ ‫يبقى‬
digastric anterior belly

45. •‫االخر‬ ‫من‬ ‫يبقى‬...‫ال‬ ‫يجيب‬medial side
-‫اى‬ ‫على‬ ‫يشاور‬muscle in the tongue‫هتبقى‬genioglossus
-‫االقى‬ ‫شوية‬ ‫تحتيها‬ ‫انزل‬muscle‫تبقى‬ ‫رفيعة‬geniohyoid
•‫ال‬ ‫اجيب‬floor of the mouth under the mandible
-Muscle‫ال‬ ‫عاملة‬ ‫و‬ ‫كبيرة‬floor‫هتبقى‬ ‫كله‬mylohoid
-Muscle‫فى‬ ‫ماسكة‬ ‫و‬ ‫صغيرة‬tendone‫ال‬ ‫هتبقى‬anterior belly of
digastric
‫طبعا‬ ‫طالسم‬..‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫هيبان‬ ‫كله‬ ‫و‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫تانى‬ ‫نقرا‬ ‫و‬ ‫الصور‬ ‫نشوف‬ ‫عموما‬

46. Muscle on the medial side of the tongue
genioglossus

47. Muscle on the medial side below the
tongue
Geniohyoid

48. Muscle on the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid

49. Small Muscle on the floor of the mouth
and attached to a tendon
Anterior belly of digastric

50. Blood supply:
1. Lingual
2. Tonsillar branch of facial
3. Ascending pharyngeal
Nerve supply (V.Imp):
Motor  all muscles are supplied by hypoglossal N.except
palatoglossus from cranial part of accessory (palate)
Sensory general  anterior 2/3  lingual N.
posterior 1/3 glossopharyngeal
taste  anterior 2/3  chorda tympani
posterior 1/3 glossopharyngeal
Lymphatic drainage imp.
Revise pg 26-29

52. Relations of the surfaces
Structure piercing the parotid gland
Blood supply
Nerve supply
Revise pg 31-36

53. Parotid duct

55. Test yourself on our cadaver

56. 1 2

57. 3 4

58. 5
6

59. 87

60. 9
10

61. 11
12

62. 1. Vestibule
2. Genioglossus
3. Genioglossus
4. Geniohyoid
5. Mylohyoid
6. Masseter
7. Palatopharyngeus
8. Palatoglossus
9. Palatoglossus and pharyngeus and the
tonsillar bed in between
10. Masseter
11. Parotid duct
12. Parotid gland

64. By: ASM

65. 1.Palatoglossus
2.Palatopharyngeus
3.Palatine tonsil
4.Valecula
5.Piriformis fossa

66. How to identify each?
‫ال‬ ‫نجيب‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫عشان‬palatoglossus‫ال‬ ‫هنمسك‬tongue‫بادينا‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫ننزله‬ ‫و‬...
‫فى‬ ‫هنالقى‬mucous membrane‫فوقيه‬ ‫لحته‬ ‫رايح‬ ‫منه‬ ‫طالع‬ ‫و‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫ماسك‬ ‫كده‬..‫اللى‬ ‫ايه‬
‫ال‬ ‫فوق‬tongue‫ال‬ ‫؟‬palate...‫ال‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫و‬fold‫فال‬ ‫ماسك‬ ‫ده‬tongue‫لما‬ ‫فاكيد‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫من‬
‫فال‬ ‫هيمسك‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫يمسك‬ ‫يطلع‬soft palate...‫ال‬fold‫اسمه‬ ‫ده‬palatoglossal fold...
‫ال‬ ‫و‬2fold‫هيعملوا‬ ‫الشمال‬ ‫و‬ ‫اليمين‬ ‫من‬Arch‫بيكون‬ ‫اصال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬mucous membrane
covering palatoglossus muscle
‫كده‬ ‫مدورة‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫فى‬ ‫هنالقى‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬ ‫وراها‬...‫شويه‬ ‫السطح‬ ‫عن‬ ‫طالة‬ ‫و‬ ‫مخرمة‬ ‫و‬...‫دى‬
‫ال‬ ‫هتكون‬palatine tonsil‫؟‬ ‫مخرمة‬ ‫انها‬ ‫بقول‬ ‫ليه‬ ‫و‬!‫هى‬ ‫عشان‬lymphoid tissue
‫هنالقى‬ ‫شويه‬ ‫وراها‬ ‫نمشى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بعد‬fold‫تانى‬...‫لتحت‬ ‫نازل‬ ‫و‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫من‬ ‫جاى‬ ‫هنالقيه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬
‫فال‬ ‫يمسك‬ ‫عشان‬thyroid cartilage‫هنسميه‬palatopharyngeal fold‫مش‬ ‫ساعات‬
‫اى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫باين‬ ‫بيبقى‬fold‫ال‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫هيتمسك‬tonsil‫تفكير‬ ‫غير‬ ‫من‬ ‫ده‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هيبقى‬
‫ال‬ ‫ذى‬ ‫ذيه‬ ‫و‬palatoglossal‫من‬ ‫معمول‬muscle‫اسمها‬palatopharygeus‫النحيتين‬ ‫و‬
‫هيعملولى‬Arch
‫ال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بتكلم‬ ‫لما‬ ‫انى‬ ‫بالكوا‬ ‫اخدتوا‬fold‫اخره‬ ‫بيبقى‬ ‫نفسه‬eal‫ال‬ ‫اما‬muscle‫اخرها‬ ‫بتبقى‬
eus

67. palatoglossus

68. Palatopharyngeal

69. Palatine tonsil

70. On palatoglossus and pharyngeus:
• Identify each then:
• Mention the nerve supply of:
- Fold  sensory by glossopharyngeal
- The muscle by cranial part of accessory through pharyngeal plexus
• Mention the importance of:
Palatoglossus  closure of the oropharyngeal isthmus during
deglutition.
Palatopharyngeus  act with tensor and levator palati to close the
nasopharyngeal isthmus preventing reflux
Some important questions
Revise
38-43

71. On Palatine tonsil (important):
• Identify
‫ال‬ ‫بنالقى‬ ‫ساعات‬ ‫و‬tonsil‫فاضى‬ ‫مكانها‬ ‫متساب‬ ‫و‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫مش‬ ‫نفسها‬...‫هنقول‬ ‫دى‬ ‫فالحالة‬
‫عليها‬tonsillar bed
• Mention its nerve supply
• Mention its blood supply
• Mention its lymphatic drainage (V.V imp)
• Enumerate its boundaries
• Mention the structures forming the tonsillar bed
Superior constrictor muscle, Paratonsillar vein and tonsillar artery

72. ‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫حاجتين‬ ‫يتفضلنا‬ ‫كده‬2‫ال‬ ‫نالقى‬ ‫اننا‬ ‫يعتدموا‬epiglottis...‫هنالقيها‬ ‫نعرفها‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫و‬
‫زى‬ ‫عامله‬ ‫كده‬ ‫حاجه‬membrane‫ال‬ ‫اول‬ ‫من‬ ‫طالع‬larynx
‫ال‬ ‫بين‬ ‫و‬ ‫بينها‬ ‫هنالقى‬tongue‫كده‬ ‫نازله‬ ‫حته‬...‫ال‬ ‫هنسميها‬valecula...‫تحتيها‬ ‫اما‬
‫ال‬ ‫هنالقى‬piriformis fossa‫هنالقيها‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬lateral to the inlet of larynx

73. Valecula

74. Practical photos

75. palatoglossus

76. palatopharyngeus

77. palatopharyngeus

78. epiglottis
valecula

79. Piriformis fossa
epiglottis

80. epiglottis
valecula

81. Forceps in valecula
Blue pin in epiglottis
Chalk in piriformis fossa

82. By: ASM

83. Anterior abdominal wall is made of several
muscles arranged from externally to
internally:
1. External oplique
2. Internal oblique
3. Transversus abdominus
In the midline: rectus abdominus

84. ‫هللا‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫ان‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫من‬ ‫نفرقهم‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫عشان‬
‫اول‬muscle‫ال‬ ‫اسمها‬ ‫بره‬ ‫من‬ ‫هقبلها‬external oblique‫ال‬muscle
fibers‫بالورب‬ ‫ماشية‬ ‫بتعتها‬‫لجوه‬ ‫و‬ ‫لتحت‬...‫فى‬ ‫ايدك‬ ‫حاطط‬ ‫اكنك‬ ‫يعنى‬
‫جيبك‬
‫ال‬ ‫بعديها‬internal oblique‫بس‬ ‫برضه‬ ‫بالورب‬ ‫ماشية‬‫و‬ ‫تفوق‬‫لجوه‬...
‫كده‬ ‫الفراعنة‬ ‫مومياوات‬ ‫زى‬ ‫يعنى‬
‫ال‬ ‫اسمها‬ ‫بتاعته‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫و‬transversus abdominis‫ماشية‬‫بالعرض‬
‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫هم‬ ‫هيجوا‬ ‫جت‬ ‫لو‬‫ال‬ ‫فوقيها‬ ‫و‬fascia transversalis
‫ال‬ ‫هى‬ ‫الرابعة‬ ‫و‬rectus abdminus‫فالنص‬ ‫بالطول‬ ‫ماشية‬ ‫هتبقى‬ ‫دى‬...
‫جايز‬ ‫شئ‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بس‬ ‫تجى‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫صعب‬
‫ال‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫و‬rectus sheath‫فال‬ ‫يسأل‬ ‫فممكن‬contents‫بتاعته‬
all are supplied by :
Intercostal nerves 7-11, subcostal, iliohypogastric and
ilioinguinal (rectus abdominis isn’t supplied by
iliohypogastric or ilioinguinal )
Nerve supply

85. External oblique
Downward forward and medially

86. internal oblique
Upward, forward and medially

87. Transversus abdominus

88. Fascia transversalis

89. 2 muscles : rectus abdominus and pyramidalis
2 vessels: superior and inferior epigastric
2 nerves: lower 5 intercostal and subcostal
Contents of the rectus sheath:

90. By: ASM

91. In this section:
3 muscles:
1.Psoas
major
2.Iliacus
3.Quadratus
lamborum
2 vessels:
1. Aorta
2. IVC
7 Nerves:
1. Genitofemoral
2. Lumbosacral
trunk
3. Obturator
4. Ileohypogastric
5. Ileoinguinal
6. Lateral
cutenous nerve
of the thigh
7. Femoral

92. •‫ال‬muscles‫جدا‬ ‫سهلة‬ ‫المرادى‬
•‫ال‬ ‫عارف‬vertebral column‫كده‬ ‫اتنين‬ ‫رجلتين‬ ‫منه‬ ‫نازل‬ ‫هتالقى‬...‫ال‬ ‫دول‬psoas
major
•‫ال‬psoas major‫الحاجات‬ ‫من‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫اى‬ ‫لعز‬ ‫بيه‬ ‫هنفتح‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫بتاعنا‬ ‫المفتاح‬ ‫هى‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫دى‬
‫سواء‬ ‫دى‬ ‫جايه‬ ‫اللى‬muscles‫او‬nerves
•‫اوى‬ ‫مميز‬ ‫شكلها‬ ‫دى‬ ‫العضلة‬...‫مش‬ ‫النها‬sheet‫دى‬bulky‫هنالقيها‬ ‫يعنى‬cylindrical
•‫صغيرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫تانية‬ ‫عضلة‬ ‫نالقى‬ ‫ممكن‬...‫اصغر‬ ‫بس‬ ‫بالظبط‬ ‫شبها‬..‫ال‬ ‫هتبقى‬ ‫دى‬
psoas minor‫برضه‬ ‫احتياطى‬ ‫اعرفوها‬
•‫ال‬ ‫من‬lateral side‫لتحت‬ ‫انزل‬ ‫بتاعها‬...‫ايه؟‬ ‫هتالقى‬hip bone‫باألخص‬ ‫و‬ ‫صح؟‬
‫ال‬ ‫يعنى‬iliac crest‫ال‬ ‫تحتيه‬iliac fossa‫عليها‬muscle‫هنسميها‬iliacus
•‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫طيب‬lateral side‫بس‬ ‫برضه‬‫لفوق‬ ‫هنطلع‬...‫هنالقى‬muscles‫او‬ ‫مربعة‬
‫جدا‬ ‫مميز‬ ‫شكلها‬ ‫و‬ ‫مستطيلة‬...‫اسمها‬ ‫من‬ ‫هتبقى‬quadratus lamborum‫جنبها‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬
muscle‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫باقية‬anterior abdominal wall‫هى‬ ‫اللى‬transversus
abdominis‫بال‬ ‫متغطية‬fascia transversalis‫ال‬ ‫بس‬2‫ب‬ ‫مفصولين‬fibrous
tissue‫بينهم‬ ‫بالطول‬ ‫ماشى‬

93. 1. Kidney
2. Aorta
3. Inferior vena cava
4. Psoas major
5. Quadratus lumborum
6. Lateral arcuate
ligament
7. Ureter
8. Common iliac artery
9. Subcostal nerve
10. Iliohypogastric nerve
11. Iliolumbar nerve
Fibrous tissue separating
transversus abdominis
and quadratus lumborum

94. Psoas major
Psoas minor

95. Iliacus
Quadratus
lamborum

96. Quadratus lamborum
Psoas majorIliacus
Transversus abdominis

97. Vessels:
•‫ال‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫هنقول‬ ‫مش‬ ‫طبعا‬aorta and IVC‫يعنى‬ ‫محتاج‬ ‫مش‬
•‫فيهم‬ ‫بيتسأل‬3‫اسأله‬:
1. Beginning
2. Termination
3. Branches or tributaries
‫ال‬ ‫يطلب‬ ‫لما‬ ‫انه‬ ‫بالكم‬ ‫خلو‬beginning of aorta‫هتقوله‬12T‫يطلب‬ ‫لما‬ ‫لكن‬
beginning of IVC‫يبقى‬vertebra5right of L‫ال‬ ‫الن‬vein‫من‬ ‫بيبدأ‬
‫من‬ ‫بادى‬ ‫انه‬ ‫قلتله‬ ‫لو‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحت‬T8‫هيبقى‬ ‫دى‬ ‫غلط‬ ‫هتتحسب‬‫نهايته‬‫فال‬
abdomen
‫ال‬ ‫يطلب‬ ‫لما‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫تانى‬branches‫ال‬ ‫بتاعة‬aorta‫معينة‬ ‫بطريقة‬ ‫تكتبها‬ ‫الزم‬
‫النهائية‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫فيديك‬ ‫فاهم‬ ‫انك‬ ‫يعرف‬ ‫و‬ ‫اصال‬ ‫مقراش‬ ‫المصحح‬ ‫ان‬ ‫بحيث‬
...‫الدرجة‬ ‫نص‬ ‫هتاخد‬ ‫صح‬ ‫كلهم‬ ‫لو‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫تدشهم‬ ‫اعدت‬ ‫لو‬

98. Abdominal aorta
single
anterior posterior
paired
anterior posterior
1. Celiac trunk
2. Superior
mesenteric
3. Inferior
mesenteric
1. Median sacral 1. Gonadal
1. Inferior phrenic
2. Middle
suprarenal
3. Renal
4. 4 lumber arteries
5. Common iliac

99. •‫ال‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫علينا‬branches of abdominal aorta‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫نطلعها‬ ‫و‬
cadaver..‫منها‬ ‫المهم‬ ‫بس‬ ‫كلها‬ ‫مش‬
•‫فى‬3levels‫اسمك‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫مش‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحفظهم‬ ‫و‬ ‫تعرفهم‬ ‫الزم‬ ‫كده‬
Upper border of L1 celiac trunk
Lower border of L1 superior mesenteric
L3 inferior mesenteric
‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عندنا‬ ‫يبان‬ ‫ده‬ ‫الكالم‬ ‫من‬celiac trunk and sup mesenteric‫قريبين‬
‫اوى‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫من‬..‫فالعينة‬ ‫هشوفه‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫بالظبط‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬...‫بينهم‬ ‫افرق‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫طب‬
...‫ال‬ ‫ببساطة‬celiac trunk‫منه‬ ‫طالع‬3‫الوردة‬ ‫زى‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫فروع‬....‫غير‬
‫سمناه‬ ‫اننا‬ ‫كده‬trunk‫يبقى‬ ‫ملحقش‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫قصير‬ ‫عشان‬Artery
‫ال‬ ‫اعرف‬3‫برضه‬ ‫احتياطى‬ ‫بتعته‬ ‫فروع‬
To the right  common hepatic
To the left  splenic
Upwards  left gastric

100. Inferior mesenteric IVC
Celiac trunk
Common iliac artery
IVC

101. Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Opening of inferior
mesenteric

102. Nerves: •‫علينا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫المفروض‬branches of lumber plexus
•‫ال‬lumber plexus‫هنشوفه‬ ‫مش‬ ‫احنا‬ ‫نفسه‬...‫ال‬ ‫جوه‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫بيكون‬ ‫النه‬
psoas major‫ال‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يدينا‬ ‫و‬ ‫جواها‬ ‫بيتفرع‬ ‫هو‬ ‫بس‬branches‫بتعته‬...
‫فى‬branches‫العضلة‬ ‫قدام‬ ‫من‬ ‫بتتطع‬...‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫فى‬ ‫و‬medial side‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫فى‬lateral side
1.‫نبتدى‬‫من‬ ‫بتطلع‬ ‫باللى‬‫العضلة‬ ‫قدام‬...‫اسمه‬ ‫هيبقى‬genitofemoral
nerve...‫قدام‬ ‫من‬ ‫طالع‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫الوحيد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫مميز‬ ‫شكله‬
2.‫اما‬‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫اللى‬medial side‫ال‬ ‫نحية‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعنى‬vertebrae‫حاجتين‬..‫و‬
‫ال‬2‫ال‬ ‫عند‬ ‫من‬ ‫هنشفهم‬ ‫نزلين‬ala of the sacrum‫واحد‬‫عليها‬ ‫نايم‬‫له‬ ‫و‬
‫بعض‬ ‫مع‬ ‫متحدين‬ ‫فرعين‬...‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬lumbosacral trunk‫ممكن‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫عامل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫و‬ ‫نشوفه‬sacral plexus‫ال‬ ‫مع‬sacral nerves
•‫ال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫التانى‬ ‫و‬obturator‫هنالقيه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬‫فوق‬ ‫من‬ ‫معدى‬‫ال‬ala of the
sacrum‫ال‬ ‫جوه‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫و‬obturator foramen

103. •‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫طالعين‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫يتفضلنا‬lateral side:
•‫عندنا‬ ‫احنا‬nerves‫هنعمل‬ ‫متتلخبطش‬ ‫و‬ ‫تجبهم‬ ‫تعرف‬ ‫فعشان‬ ‫د‬ ‫فالجزء‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫كتير‬
‫حاجه‬...‫هنجيب‬nerve‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫مش‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫نتعرف‬ ‫و‬lumber plexus‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫خالص‬
‫فيه‬ ‫هنتسأل‬...‫ال‬ ‫باقى‬ ‫نجيب‬ ‫و‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫نمشى‬ ‫هيعرفنا‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫ده‬ ‫هو‬ ‫بس‬nerves‫كلها‬
•‫ال‬nerve‫ال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ده‬subcostal‫؟؟‬ ‫ازاى‬ ‫هجيب‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬ ‫طب‬!
Subcostal means below the 12 rib
‫اخر‬ ‫هنحس‬ ‫فاحنا‬rib‫عندنا‬...‫تحتيها‬ ‫هنالقى‬nerve‫فال‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫هنالقيه‬ ‫تبعناه‬ ‫لو‬ ‫و‬
transversus abdominis
‫فيه‬ ‫اتلخبط‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫قلقان‬ ‫انا‬ ‫برضه‬ ‫طيب‬...‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫هقولك‬nerve‫هيبقى‬ ‫ده‬‫مبطط‬‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫كل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫مميز‬ ‫شكله‬nerves‫الحبل‬ ‫زى‬ ‫عامله‬ ‫هتبقى‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫هنجبها‬ ‫الى‬
•‫سهلة‬ ‫هتبقى‬ ‫الدنيا‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫من‬...‫بعديه‬ ‫من‬ ‫هنعد‬ ‫الننا‬
1. Iliohypogastric
2. Ilioinguinal
3. Lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh
4. Femoral (biggest)
‫ال‬ ‫بنشوف‬ ‫مش‬ ‫غالبا‬ilioinguinal‫ال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫بيتشال‬ ‫عشان‬peritoneum

104. •‫ال‬ ‫بيها‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫كمان‬ ‫حاجة‬nerves
‫ال‬iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal‫هالقيهم‬ ‫دول‬
‫ال‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫من‬ ‫طالعين‬psoas major‫ال‬ ‫و‬2‫بعض‬ ‫تحت‬
‫طول‬ ‫على‬
‫ال‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫كمان‬ilioinguinal‫ال‬ ‫عند‬ ‫هالقيها‬level of aorta
bifurcation
‫ال‬ ‫اما‬lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh‫هالقيه‬
‫ال‬ ‫عند‬ ‫بيدخل‬ ‫و‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫رفيع‬anterior superior iliac
spine

105. subcostal
obturator
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric
Lumbosacral trunk

106. Femoral nerve

107. 1
2
3
4
1. Subcostal
2. Iliohypogastric
3. Ilioinguinal
4. genitofemoral

108. femoral
femoral
Ilioinguinal
Iliohypogastric

109. Lateral cutanous nerve of the
thigh going through ASIS
Femoral nerve

110. genitofemoral

111. genitofemoral
Obturator

112. iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
Femoral
Obturator
Lumbosacral trunk
Genitofemoral

113. By: ASM

114. •‫لوحدها‬ ‫بتيجى‬ ‫مش‬ ‫دايما‬...‫ال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تيجى‬ ‫الزم‬stomach
‫عليها‬ ‫شاور‬ ‫و‬ ‫جابها‬ ‫لو‬ ‫االسئلة‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫هى‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫هنقول‬ ‫بس‬
Most important question:
1. Pharyngeo-esophageal junction
2. Site crossed by left bronchus and arch of aorta
3. Gastro-esophageal junction.
Cervical  inferior thyroid artery and vein.
Thoracic  bronchial artery and descending thoracic aorta.
drain in azygos and hemiazygos.
Abdominal  left gastric artery and vein.
Enumerate site of constrictions:
Enumerate its blood supply

115. It enter at T10 from the right crus of the diaphragm.
‫ناقى‬ ‫ممكن‬nerve‫قدام‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫ماشى‬...‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫ده‬left vagus‫اللى‬
‫هيكمل‬anterior gastric
‫لو‬ ‫و‬nerve‫ال‬ ‫هيبقى‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫من‬right vagus‫يبقى‬ ‫و‬ ‫هيكمل‬ ‫اللى‬
posterior gastric
‫يجى‬ ‫صعب‬ ‫بس‬
In the posterior mediastineum:
Right then anterior then left
Site if entry of the esophagus to the abdomen
triple relation with the aorta

116. ‫اوى‬ ‫باين‬ ‫شكلها‬ ‫طبعا‬..‫صح‬ ‫علينا‬ ‫نحطها‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫الزم‬ ‫بس‬..‫هيفرق‬ ‫ده‬ ‫عشان‬
‫فال‬ ‫االرض‬ ‫من‬ ‫السما‬ ‫فرق‬relations
‫ازاى؟‬ ‫هنحطه‬ ‫طب‬
‫ال‬ ‫هتالقى‬stomach‫خرطومين‬ ‫بيها‬ ‫متوصل‬ ‫نفسها‬
‫ال‬ ‫ان‬ ‫عارفين‬ ‫احنا‬stomach‫بال‬ ‫فوق‬ ‫من‬ ‫متوصل‬esophagus‫تحت‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬
‫بال‬pylorus
‫ازاى؟‬ ‫بينهم‬ ‫نفرق‬ ‫بس‬...‫ال‬pylorus‫مستحيل‬ ‫و‬ ‫زلطة‬ ‫حتت‬ ‫هتالقيه‬ ‫ده‬
‫تلمسه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫غير‬ ‫من‬ ‫كده‬ ‫فالعين‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫متعرفهوم‬..‫حته‬ ‫هتالقيه‬thickened‫و‬
‫هو‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫ده‬anatomical sphincter‫ال‬ ‫اما‬cardiac sphincter‫ده‬
functional‫بال‬ ‫بيتعمل‬right crus of diaphragm
‫فبلتالى‬...‫ال‬ ‫هنحط‬stomach‫شمال‬ ‫علينا‬..‫ال‬ ‫و‬pylorus‫و‬ ‫تحت‬medial
‫ال‬ ‫اما‬esophagus‫فوق‬

117. pylorus
Cardiac sphincter and
above it the esophagus
‫بينهم؟‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫شايفين‬

118. ‫ال‬ ‫كده‬ ‫عرفنا‬anterior‫ال‬ ‫من‬posterior surfaces
1. Liver (right).
2. Diaphragm (left).
3. In between bare area of the stomach related to the Anterior
abdominal wall.
relations
Anterior  LAD
Posterior relations (stomach bed):
4 transverse
1. Splenic artery
2. Pancreas
3. Transverse
mesocolon
4. Transverse colon
4 longitudinal
1. Lesser sac
2. Left kidney
3. Left suprarenal
4. Left spleen

119. Mention the structure
attached or related of:
Lesser curvature:
Greater curvature:
attached
Lesser omentum
Related
Left and right gastric
attached
Greater omentum
Gastrophrenic
gastrosplenic
Related:
Left and right
gastroepiploeic

120. Greater sac where greater omentum,
gastrophrenic and gastrosplenic attached
pylorus
Cardiac sphincterLesser curvature where
lesser omentum attached
liver
Bare area
diaphragm

121. Arterial supply:
1. Right gastric  hepatic
2. Left gastric  celiac
3. Short gastric  splenic
4. Left gastro-epoploic  splenic
5. Right gastro-epoploic  hepatic
Venous drainage:
1. Right and left gastric portal
2. Short gastric and left gastro-epiplopic  splenic
3. Right gastro-epiplopic  superior mesenteric
Enumerate blood supply of the stomach

122. Body: kidney shaped
Structure attached:
intervertebral disc
Type: 2ry cartilaginous
Body is related
anteriorly to:
Anterior longitudinal
ligament
Body is related
Posteriorly to:
Posterior longitudinal
ligament
Inferior artericular facet
faces forward and laterally
Superior artericular facet
faces backward and medially
Spine is transverse
and faces backward
Ligament related:
supra and interspinous
Transverse proces

123. By: ASM

124. ‫ازاى؟‬ ‫هنحطها‬ ‫فاالول‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫الزم‬
‫ال‬ ‫هنالقى‬falciform ligament‫قدام‬...‫ال‬ ‫ده‬ ‫و‬fissure
‫اوى‬ ‫باين‬ ‫بيبقى‬ ‫مش‬ ‫بتاعه‬
‫ال‬ ‫و‬fissures of ligamentum venosum and teres
‫اكتر‬ ‫واضحين‬ ‫بيبقوا‬ ‫دول‬ ‫و‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫من‬ ‫و‬ ‫ورا‬ ‫من‬ ‫هيبقوا‬
‫ال‬ ‫خرم‬ ‫على‬ ‫هندور‬ ‫بعدين‬IVC‫اوى‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫و‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫واضح‬...‫و‬
‫نحطه‬ ‫و‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫انه‬ ‫هنتخيل‬vertical‫عارف‬ ‫مش‬ ‫لو‬ ‫او‬
‫القلم‬ ‫وقف‬ ‫و‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫قلم‬ ‫حط‬ ‫تتخيل‬...‫ال‬ ‫هتالقى‬liver‫بقى‬
‫فيه‬5 surfaces‫هم‬ ‫و‬superior, posterior,
inferior, anterior and right

125. Pen inside the opening of IVC …
vertical lead to inferior, posterior,
anterior, superior and right surfaces
Pons liver

126. Superior surface
Anterior surface
Right surface

127. Inferior surface
Posterior surface
Fissure for ligamentum
venosum
Ligamentum teres

128. IVC
Pons of the liver:
Liver tissue covering IVC
Falciform ligament

129. Copula of diaphragm
+
Anterior  anterior abdominal wall
Right  anterior abdominal wall and 7-11 rib
Superior  pericardium, heart and base of the
lung

130. Right  left:
Bare area of the liver … groove for IVC (or IVC) … caudate lobe …
esophageal impression
Caudate lobe is related to THORACIC AORTA
‫فيها‬ ‫نغلط‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫و‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫دى‬ ‫الحته‬
‫ال‬ ‫دلوقتى‬liver‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫قاعدة‬dome of the diaphragm‫فيه‬ ‫حته‬ ‫اعلى‬ ‫يعنى‬
‫صح؟‬
‫ال‬ ‫جنب‬caudate lobe‫ال‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫اليمين‬ ‫على‬IVC‫صح؟‬...‫جنبه‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫و‬ ‫طب‬
‫يكون‬ ‫فبالتالى‬ ‫الشمال‬ ‫على‬ ‫طول‬ ‫على‬related to caudate lobe‫؟‬aorta
‫تمام؟‬...‫انهى‬ ‫بس‬aorta‫بقى‬...‫ال‬abdominal aorta‫عند‬ ‫بتبتدى‬level
T12‫ال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بعيد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اوى‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫يعنى‬dome of the diaphragm‫كده‬ ‫عشان‬
‫فال‬ ‫هنقول‬relation of caudate lobe‫ال‬thoracic aorta‫قل‬ ‫لسه‬ ‫عشان‬
T12

131. Mention the borders of the bare area.
1. Base .. IVC
2. Apex .. Right triangular ligament
3. Sides .. Upper and lower coronary ligament
Organ related:
Suprarenal gland (part on the posterior and part
on the inferior surface)

132. Bare areaIVCCaudate lobeEsophageal
impression
Tuber omental

133. Left  right
Stomach .. Pylorus .. Pyloroduodenal junction (related to quadrate lobe) ..
1st part duodenum .. 2nd part duodenum .. Right colic flexure (next and a
little above) .. Right kidney (large impression on the right lobe) … tight
suprarenal ( above the kidney)
‫ال‬ ‫بيجوا‬ ‫دايما‬ ‫اللى‬:
Stomach- kidney- caudate- quadrate- fossa for gall bladder or GB
Mention structure related to quadrate lobe.
1. Lesser omentum
2. Pyloroduodenal junction
3. Transverse colon
Mention the structure passing through porta hepatis
1. Portal vein (most posterior)
2. Hepatic duct (anterior)
3. Hepatic artery (in between)

134. Kidney
suprarenalBare areaIVCCaudate lobeesophagusstomach
Tuber omental
Pyloroduodenal junction Quadrate lobe Gall bladder Fossa for GB Portal hepatis

135. Ligamentum terespylorus Pyloroduodenal junction
related to quadrate lobe
1st part
duodenum
2nd part
duodenum
Right colic flexure
esophagus
stomach
Fissure for ligamentum venosum

137. •‫ال‬ ‫دى‬ ‫فالصورة‬ ‫باينه‬ ‫اللى‬
hepatic duct‫تنزل‬ ‫لما‬
‫ال‬ ‫مع‬ ‫تمسك‬ ‫شويه‬
cystic duct‫عشان‬
‫ال‬ ‫يعملوا‬common
bile duct‫ال‬ ‫فهم‬3
‫حرف‬ ‫هيعملوا‬Y

138. •‫جت‬ ‫لو‬..‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫هيشاور‬ ‫اما‬ ‫يا‬fossa‫و‬ ‫دى‬ ‫ايه‬ ‫يقولك‬ ‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫ايه‬organ or structure related‫هنقول‬GB
•‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫يشاور‬ ‫اما‬ ‫يا‬GB‫على‬ ‫ويسأل‬ ‫نفسها‬
1. Blood supply  cystic artery (hepatic) and
cystic vein (right branch of portal vein).
2. Surface anatomy of the fundus at the right
of the tip of the 9th costal cartilage (at the
point of meeting of right linea semilunaris
and transpyloric plane)

139. Tuber omental
Lip of porta hepatis

140. Head pancreas neck pancreas
body pancreas Tail pancreas
1st part duodenum
2nd part duodenum
3rd part duodenum Beginning of the
4th part duodenum
Revise pg
3-4

141. Superior mesenteric artery
uncinate process is lying between the superior
mesenteric artery anteriorly and the
abdominal aorta posteriorly

142. By: ASM

143. ‫اصال‬ ‫لزمة‬ ‫ليه‬ ‫ميكنش‬ ‫انه‬ ‫مائل‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫ساهل‬ ‫سيكشن‬!
‫على‬ ‫نتعرف‬ ‫علينا‬:
1. jejuno-ileal junction
2. Ileocecal junction
3. Appendix
4. Major duodenal papilla

144. •‫ال‬ ‫عينة‬ ‫نفس‬pancreas‫بال‬ ‫هتجيلنا‬ ‫اللى‬duodenum‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫نتسأل‬ ‫ممكن‬
2
•‫فال‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫يسأل‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫اكتر‬duodenum‫ال‬ ‫هى‬2nd part‫باين‬ ‫حزء‬ ‫اكتر‬ ‫النه‬
...‫ال‬ ‫على‬ ‫ايه؟‬ ‫على‬ ‫هيسألنا‬relations
•‫ال‬ ‫او‬1st part‫ليه‬ ‫عشان‬Relation‫كذا‬ ‫مع‬organ‫تانى‬
•‫ال‬duodenum‫كله‬ ‫دى‬retroperitoneal‫ال‬ ‫اال‬pyloro-duodenal
junction...‫ال‬ ‫يعنى‬1st part‫ال‬ ‫و‬4th part‫بيعمل‬ ‫انه‬ ‫كده‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدليل‬ ‫و‬C
shape‫ال‬ ‫على‬pancreas‫ال‬ ‫و‬
pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ
•‫ال‬ ‫اشوف‬ ‫انى‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ده‬ ‫فالجزء‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫مهمة‬ ‫حاجة‬ ‫اكتر‬major duodenal papilla‫و‬
‫ال‬ ‫فتحة‬ ‫هى‬ ‫دى‬common bile duct‫فال‬2nd part duodenum‫ال‬ ‫اما‬
ampulla of vater‫عن‬ ‫عبارة‬ ‫دى‬dilatation‫ال‬ ‫اخر‬ ‫فى‬common bile
duct‫ال‬ ‫حوليها‬ ‫اللى‬ ‫فتحتها‬ ‫بشوف‬ ‫انما‬ ‫بشوفها‬ ‫مش‬ ‫فانا‬sphincter of oddi
Revise
25-26

145. Tail of pancreasBody of pancreas
Body of pancreas
1st part duodenum
2nd part duodenum 3rd part duodenum

146. Major duodenal papilla

147. •‫ال‬ ‫يجيلنا‬ ‫كده‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ممكن‬ileum and jejunum...‫بحيث‬ ‫بينهم‬ ‫مقطوعة‬ ‫هينة‬ ‫هتبقى‬
‫ال‬ ‫يبانوا‬2‫بعض‬ ‫جنب‬...‫سؤال‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫هيسأل‬ ‫و‬compare
ileumjejunum
Thin wall, narrow lumenThick wall, wide lumenWall and lumen
LessMorePlica circularis
LessMoreVilli
MoreLessMesentary: vasculature
Arterial arcades
More (no windows)Less (windows)Fat content
Payer’s patchsLessLymphatic's

148. Jejunum:
+++ plica circularis
Ileum:
+ plica circularis

149. •‫انهارده‬ ‫عندنا‬ ‫حاجه‬ ‫اهم‬ ‫دى‬...‫ال‬ ‫بيجىب‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫ده‬ ‫الن‬terminal ileum‫اخر‬ ‫هى‬ ‫اللى‬
‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬small intestine‫ال‬ ‫و‬cecaum‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫جزء‬ ‫اول‬ ‫هى‬ ‫اللى‬large
intestine‫ال‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫ماسك‬ ‫و‬appendix
•‫عليهم‬ ‫سؤال‬ ‫اى‬ ‫بقى‬ ‫يسأل‬ ‫ممكن‬:
1. Mention the blood supply of the appendix
2. Mention the peritoneal fold of the appendix (mesoappendix)
3. Enumerate blood supply of small intestine
4. Enumerate blood supply of caecum
5. Mention the peritoneal fold of the transverse colon (Transverse
mesocolon)
6. Enumerate the sites of the appendix (retro-pelvic-subcecal pre or
post ileal)
•‫صح‬ ‫نحطهم‬ ‫نعرف‬ ‫عشان‬ ‫و‬...‫ال‬ ‫هنحط‬ileum‫ال‬ ‫و‬ ‫الشمال‬ ‫على‬caucum‫هو‬ ‫اللى‬
‫حته‬dilated‫ال‬ ‫العينات‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫ففى‬ ‫اليمين‬ ‫على‬ ‫كده‬appendix‫هتبقى‬retrocecal

150. appendix
Ascending colon
caecum
Terminal ileum

151. 1. Ileum  A:ileal arteries, ileal branch of
ileocolic artery of superior mesenteric. V:
superior mesenteric vein
2. Caecum A: anterior and posterior
coecal arteries of ileocolic artery of sup.
Mesenteric. V: superior mesenteric vein
to portal vein.
3. Appendix  A:appendicular artery of
ileocolic artery of sup. Mesenteric. V:
superior mesenteric vein