This document provides an overview of wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses the history of wind energy usage dating back to ancient Egypt. It then explains how modern wind turbines work to generate electricity and the key components. The document outlines the two main types of wind turbines - horizontal axis and vertical axis. It also covers considerations for wind turbine design like the number of blades and tower height. Additionally, it provides details on wind energy projects and development in Egypt, specifically the large Zafarana wind farms. The goal of the document is to convey useful information about wind energy to the reader.

1. By
31-Salama Ragab
32-Salama Fahmy
33-Samir Zaher
34-Shrief Salama
35-Taher Maher
Dr/Swellam
Sharshir

2. ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬
ُ‫ل‬ِ‫س‬ْ‫ر‬ُ‫ي‬
َ‫ح‬‫ا‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫الر‬
َ‫ن‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ر‬ ْ‫ش‬ُ‫ب‬
ْ‫ي‬َ‫د‬َ‫ي‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ت‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫ر‬

3. Titles:
Introduction
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
(HAWT)
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
(VAWT)
Considerations
Wind Energy In Egypt
Wind power Calculation

4. Introduction
Wind
Definition:Air blowing so fast
from region to another.
Wind Forming:
-The sun heats the earth, thus in
turn decreases pressure
-Air is blowing from high
pressure region to a low pressure
region

5. History Of Wind Energy And Its Uses:
-Wind energy used since
3000 B.C. in egypt to drive
Sailboat
-It is also used for Grinding of
grain
-It used also in china
-It’s developed gradually to
produce electricity by using
wind turbines.

7. Wind farms specifications
To benefit from wind energy,use more than
turbine which called wind farm.
-Specifications:
-High speed.
-Large area.
-Away from city.
-High height.

8. Wind Measurement:
-Wind is the
mean factor for
wind energy.
-There are many
instruments for
recording wind
speed , for ex.:
Anemometer

10. Direction
of wind

11. Advantages & Disadvantages:
Disadvantages Advantages
Wind speed isn’t
continues
Simple source for
electricity
Noise Clean energy
It may be harmful
to some
organisms like
birds
Decreasing CO2
ratio

12. Wind Turbine Types
Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine
(HAWT)
Vertical Axis
Wind Turbine
(VAWT)

13. How To Generate Electrical Power By using
Wind Turbines

14. Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)
AdVantages:
-Working in multi directions.
-Gear box and generators in the base
-Num of blades can be increased.
Disadvantages:
-Needing energy for starting.
-Low wind speed ; as it hasn't any tower.

15. Types
-Darrieus -Savonius:

16. Horizontal
Axis
Wind
Turbine
(HAWT)

17. Components

18. Degree of freedom:
Yaw Drive Rotational Of Rotor

19. Pitch rotation:
Electric Motor Hydraulic

21. Considerations
-Number Of Blades:
Two or three blades are commonly used,but three blades are more
useful.
-Shape:Airfoil
-Length Of blade:
Usually it’s from 30 to 40 m.
-Tower height:
Usually from 70 to 90 m.
-Blade material:
Epoxy graphite is so suitable.

25. B
e
t
z
L
a
w
Betz Law

26. Zafarana
-The largest Wind
farms in Africa
-Area=120 km2
-Number of
turbines=650
Wind Energy In Egypt

27. Power: 230-400 MW
Mean wind velocity=10
m/s
Zafarana Wind Farms
-Co2 is decreased by 800
thousands tons every
year due to this project

28. Zafrana Wind Project will
consist of 8 projects and
will have a generating
capacity of 545MW
making it one of the
largest onshore wind
farms in the world
By 2020,Egypt aims to complete zafarana
projects which consist from 8 projects.

32. Finally we wish you have just got
sufficient information about wind energy
,and it wasn’t a waste of time for you.