Episode 17 : Research Methodology ( Part 7 ) Example Title: IR Imaging of Plant Diseases Go to Google Advance Search and Type “IR imaging plant disease” Set File Type to Adobe Acrobat PDF (.pdf) Search and select a paper (Let me call it Paper X) Google SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human Development

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SAJJAD KHUDHUR ABBAS
Chemical Engineering , Al-Muthanna University, Iraq
Oil & Gas Safety and Health Professional – OSHACADEMY
Trainer of Trainers (TOT) - Canadian Center of Human
Development
Episode 17 : Research
Methodology ( Part 7 )

2. Writing a Review paper
• Example
Title: IR Imaging of Plant Diseases
Go to Google Advance Search and Type “IR imaging
plant disease”
Set File Type to Adobe Acrobat PDF (.pdf)
Search and select a paper (Let me call it Paper X)
Google
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3. First pay attention to the
Introduction and
Conclusions
• As per the Introduction prepare a list of other references S9
• Note the contribution of each paper you list out (as stated by the author of paper
X) S10
• Initially it will be very handy to arrange the work in a chronological order.
• While going through the paper make an estimation whether your title is wide or
narrow enough to write a review paper with reasonable size S11
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4. • Now, search for each paper listed in the reference of
Paper X (now better search for any format rather than
ONLY PDF)
• For each paper you dig out information and list of
reference as it was done with Paper X
• If you have scaled down your paper title to a reasonable
scope, after referring about 20 papers you will find that
there are not much new papers in the references
More Papers
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5. Now you are ready for the real work
• Go to the first paper in the chronological order
• Read the paper carefully and extract the major information.
This time pay special attention on the section “Discussion”
• Tabulate the important aspects of each paper. (The Abstract
and Conclusion will help you to tabulate the summary)
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6. Paper New Theories New Methods &
Techniques
New Equations Any other
contribution
R. Laudien et. al
(2006)
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7. Now will Write the Paper
• First decide what Journal you are aiming to send the paper
* By now you have a good idea of the relevant Journals as
you have gone through many papers
* Go to the Journal site and check the Guidance for
Authors.
Eg: Journal of Plant Physiology
* Pay attention to the scope, structure, and referencing
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8. In most cases of journals the order is
• Title : S12
• Authors and Affiliation S12
• Key words (optional) S12
• Abstract: 150-250 words S13
• Introduction: S14
• …… Methodology, Experimental set up, Results, Observations
• Discussion: S15
• Conclusions: S17
• Acknowledgement: S18
• References:
• Diagrams, Figures and Tables
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9. • Apan, A., Held, A. Phinn, S. and Markley, J., 2003: Formulation and Assessment of
Narrow-Band Vegetation Indices from EO-1 Hyperion Imagery for Discriminating
Sugarcane Disease, Proceedings of the Spatial Sciences Conference, Sep. 22nd
-27th
,
2003, Canberra, p. 1-13.
• Büttner, G., Ithurrat, M. E. F., Buddemeyer, J., 2002: Späte Rübenfäule Rhizoctonia
solani – Verbreitung, wirtschaftliche Bedeutung und integrierte
Bekämpfungskonzepte. Zuckerindustrie, 127, p. 856-866.
• Clevers, J. P. G. W. and Jongschaap, R., 2001: Imaging spectrometry for Agricultural
Applications, in: Imaging Spectrometry: Basic Principles and Prospective
Applications, F. D. van der Meer and S. M. de Jong (Eds.), Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 157-199.
• Dockter, K., Kühbauch, W., Boochs, F., von Rüsten, C., Tempelmann, U. and Kupfer,
G., 1988: Die spektrale Reflexion von Zuckerrübenbeständen im sichtbaren und
infraroten Wellenlängenbreich während des Wachstums, Mitteilungen der
Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften, 1, 55-57.
S3
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10. Contribution
• Laudien et al. 2005a, b & c:
Developped GIS based Management Information
System for Sugar Beet Companies (SuMIS), which
includes geographical, attribute and remote sensing
data.
• Rieckmann and Steck, 1995
Found that Rhizoctonia solani var. betae, a fungal
disease, rots the beet roots and also causes a
weathering of the foliage
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S3

11. Scope of the title!!!
• IR Imaging
• IR Imaging of Plant Diseases
• IR Imaging of Plant Diseases in Beet Cultivation
S4
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12. MULTITEMPORAL HYPERSPECTRAL DATA ANALYSIS FOR REGIONAL
DETECTION OF PLANT STRESS BY USING AN AIRBORNE- AND TRACTOR-BASED
SPECTROMETER – CASE STUDY: SUGAR BEET DISEASE RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
R. Laudien a,
*, G. Bareth b
, R. Doluschitz a
a
Dept. of Farm Management (410C), University of Hohenheim, 70593
Stuttgart, Germany –
Laudien.agrarinf@uni-hohenheim.de
b
Dept. of Geography (GIS & RS), University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
g.bareth@uni-koeln.de
KEY WORDS: Sugar Beet, Hyperspectral Remote Sensing, GIS, Vegetation
Indices, OSAVI, Multitemporal Classification
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S8

13. ABSTRACT:
Every year sugar beet diseases cause lower sugar beet yields and qualities compared to the
average. For that reason, high resolution field and airborne hyperspectral data is used to
recognize a fungal sugar beet disease in a study area of south Germany. For the airborne part
of the study, multitemporal hyperspectral remote sensing data is provided by an airborne
Spectroradiometer (AVIS), which is operated by the Ground Truth Center Oberbayern (gtco,
Germany). Additionally, tractor based multitemporal hyperspectral reflection data provided
by the GVIS specrometer is used to validate the AVIS data and to compare to two
classification results. To indicate the difference between healthy and unhealthy plants a
supervised knowledge-based classification approach is used. To detect the sugar beet disease
Rhizoctonia solani, the reflection results can be elaborated with hyperspectral vegetation
indices. Therefore, the two multitemporal datasets are analysed by calculating the OSAVI,
which is one of these vegetation indices. Finally, the resulting images are classified into
several vitality classes.
This paper presents the evaluation of the generated multitemporal classification and
discusses the possibility of detecting and regionalizing sugar beet diseases with hyperspectral
systems and methods.
• 186 Words
S8
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14. 1. INTRODUCTION
For the majority of the European citizens, the availability of daily food with high quality
standards is common. Among other things, this matter of fact attributes to the demands of the
legislator and the market, who claim quality control and (geo-) traceability of all processes
within the food supply chain. With respect to this background, …………………….
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In a Review paper avoid including references in the introduction
Instead explain why the study is important for the scientific world and
what exactly being covered in the paper
Its OK to have a short introduction
S8

15. Discussion
• This is the main body of the paper
• You may sub-classify “Discussion” in a preferred order
By subjects (plants, machines, buildings, materials etc.)
By methods (sensing techniques, measuring systems, types
of algorithms, detection techniques etc.)
By sequence of development
* Better not by chronological order (although some do that)
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16. Discussion
• This is where you make your contribution
• Discuss
* What development made by X over Y ?
* Why P’s method is better than Q’s ?
* What else could R have done ?
* Can we find a better method by combining T’s and U’s
work?
* Is there a consequential development of the subject (or
have we gone backwards) ?
* What can we predict in the Future? S8
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17. Conclusions
• Summarize the discussion highlighting important
land marks and state again what you predict with
regard to the development of the subject in the
future.
S8
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18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study as well as the development of SuMIS were enabled by a
cooperation between the sugar company Südzucker AG and the University
of Hohenheim (Stuttgart), Germany and founded by the “Kuratorium für
Versuchswesen und Beratung im Zuckerrübenbau”, Germany.
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Acknowledge,
* Institution/s where the research is carried out
* The research grant (Grant number and name of the funding agency)
* Any institution or individual that extensively supported the research
Do not acknowledge
* People who helped in proof reading, gave verbal encouragement or gave
marginal support (carrying equipment, word processing, transportation etc.)
* Friends and loved once (unless they specifically contributed to the research)
* Co-authors

19. References
• Make sure that you stick to the guidelines of the journal
Numbers in parenthesis: [12],
Numbers in superscript: 12
Alphabetical Order : Kroner and Vauniget (2002)
Also pay attention to the Journal abbreviation
Eg. Journal of Geophysical Research (J Geophys. Res.)
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20. END
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ABBAS