brief of cognitive disorders

2. Cognitive Disorders;
Areas affected
 Thoughts
 The capacity of memory
 Perception
 The ability to be attentive
 Learning
 Problem sloving

3. Classification
cognitive disorders
Amnesia
Dementia
Delirium

4. AMNESIA
Amnesia is a defect in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or
psychological trauma Amnesia can also be caused temporarily by the
use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs
 They are divided into 2 types ;
RETROGRADE and ANTEROGRADE
CAUSES:
 There are three generalized categories in which amnesia could be
acquired by a person. The three categories are head trauma (example:
head injuries), traumatic events (example: seeing something
devastating to the mind), or physical deficiencies (example: atrophy of
the hippocampus).

5. TREATMENT
 Many forms of amnesia fix themselves without being treated
 Although improvements occur when patients receive certain
treatments, there is still no actual cure remedy for amnesia so far
 As there is no medication availble to treat amnesia underlying
medical conditions can be treated with psychotherapy,
tranquilizers, and other medications

6. DEMENTIA
 Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that cause long term
loss of the ability to think and reason clearly that is severe enough to
affect a person's daily functioning.
Signs and symptoms
 Depression and/or anxiety
 Agitation
 Balance problems
 Tremors
 speech&language difficulty
 Trouble in eating or swallowing
 Hallucinations
 Wandering or restlessness

7. Causes
Reversible causes of dementia ;There are four main causes
of easily reversible dementia: hypothyroidism,vitamin B12 deficiency
, Lyme disease, and neurosyphillis.
Alzheimer's disease ; is the most common form of dementia Its
most common symptoms are short-term memory loss and word-finding
difficulties. People with Alzheimer's also have trouble with
visual-spatial areas , reasoning, judgement, and insight. Insight refers
to whether or not the person realizes he/she has memory problems.

8. Diagnosis
 Laboratory tests
 Imaging
TREATMENT
 Psychological therapies
Medications
 Alternative medicine-; aromatherapy

9. DELIRIUM
 In common usage, delirium is often used to refer to drowsiness,
disorientation, and hallucination
 clouding of consciousness
 unawareness of what’s happening around
 unable to focus or pay attention
 memory is foggy

10. Signs and symptoms
 Perceptual Disturbances,Speech Problems,Motor
Problems ,Hyperactive ,Hypoactive ,language
disorder, sleep disturbance, hallucinations
Causes
Predisposing factors
Precipitating factors
Treatment
Treatment of delirium involves two main strategies: first, treatment of
the underlying presumed acute cause or causes secondly; optimising
conditions for the brain.
Medication such as antipsychotics can help to reduce the symptoms
for some cases. For alcohol or malnourished cases, vitamin B
supplements are recommended and for extreme cases, life-support
can be used

11. conclusicon
cognitive disorders have a significant impact financially,
physically, and emotionally on families as well as on society
most of the this disorders are without medication
cognitive disorders comes in many forms. The more we know
and understand about disorder the better we are able to help
those suffering from its effects And the better able we are to
cope as care givers with the demands of daily care.

12. References
 “Delirium". The Journal of the American Medical
Association 2008 - Torpy, Janet
 "Dementia". The Journal of American Medical
Association 2010 - Torpy, Janet
 Forms of cognitive failure. Science- H, Weingartner