PREVENTION OF CANCER BY HERBAL AGENTS

2. Presented by:
Debolina Kundu
Sem : 7th Year : 4th
University Roll no: 20101916054
Registration no: 162010210015 of 2016-2017
Guidance by :
Dr.Nityananda Mondal
Associate Professor
B.C.D.A. College Of Pharmacy & Technology

3. cancer
• Cancer is commonly defined as the uncontrolled growth of cells, with loss
of differentiation and commonly, with metastasis, spread of the cancer to
other tissues and organs.
• Cancers are malignant growths.

4. Cancer problem statement
• Worldwide
 Every year 10 million people are diagnosed and more then 6 million
die
 22.4 million peoples were living with cancer in 2000
• Most common cancer worldwide are
 Lungs cancer (12.3%)
 Breast cancer (10.4%)
 Colorectal cancer (9.4%)

5. Treatment
• In localized cancer surgery typicall attempts to
remove the entire mass.
• Biological therapy/immunotherapy
• Monoclonal antibodies, interferon, interleukin-
2, and colony-stimulating factors.
surgery
• High-energy rays are used to kill cancer cells
• Stop them from growing and dividing.
• radiotherapy is a local treatment; it can affect cancer
cells only in the treated area.
Radiation
therapy
• Drugs used to kill cancer cells; disrupt some aspect
of cell division.
• Toxic to healthy cells; hair, bone marrow,
lymphocytes, and epithelial cells of intestinal lining .
chemotherapy

6. Side effects of anticancer therapy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
therapy
Surgery
therapy
• hair loss
• nausea
• Vomiting
• reduced immune responses
• Tiredness,
• skin reactions such as rash or
redness, and loss of appetite.
• Temporary lowering of the
WBC count
• Temporary flu-like symptoms
such as fever and chills,
muscle aches and weakness,
loss of appetite and diarrhea

7. Turmeric
• Turmeric is the ancient and sacred spice of India known as ‘Indian saffron’
is an important commercial spice crop grown in India.
• Turmeric has been used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries
• It has anti cancer property.
• Curcumin is a major biological active compound that prevent cancer cell
growth.

8. Biological source
Turmeric consists of dried as well as fresh rhizomes of the plant known as
curcuma longa Linn(C.domestica).
family: Zingiberaceae

9. Synonyms
Saffron Indian
Haldi
Curcuma
Rhizoma curcumae

10. Geographical source
• The plant is a native to southern Asia and is cultivated extensively in
temperate regions.
• It is grown on a larger scale in India, China, East Indies and Pakistan

11. Macroscopic character
• Externally , the drug is yellowish-brown in colour with characteristic odour
and slightly bitter taste.
• Round turmeric rhizomes are oblong, while long variety is cylindrical and
short branched.
• Root scars and annulations are present.
• The fracture is horny and internal surface is orange.
• Rhizomes are 5 to 10 × 2 to 4 cm. in size.

12. Microscopic character
• 4 to 6 layers of brick shaped parenchymatous cork
• The cortex consists of thin walled rounded
parenchymatous cells containing scattered
vascular bundles.
• Oleo resin cells: brownish
suberised cell walls
• Vascular bundle present in cortex.
• Vascular bundle in pith region
forming endodermis
• Starch grains abundant.

13. Chemical constituents
curcumin De-methoxy curcumin
Bis-de-methoxy curcumin
turmerone cyclocurcumin

14. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

15. Cancer prevention
• Neutralizes substances and conditions that cause cancer.
• Helps cells retain integrity if infected by carcinogen.
• Curcumin can destroy tumor growth.
• Possibly inhibits synthesis of protein that causes tumor growth and
preventing development of additional blood supply necessary for cell
growth.
• Tumors of esophagus, mouth, intestines, stomach, breast and skin
• In animal testing, cancer growth is slowed, inhibited and mass
reduced
• Natural COX-2 inhibitor3
– Block an enzyme called cyclooxygenase-2. This is beneficial because
the COX-2 enzyme
– helps make carcinogens more active in the body and allows cancerous
cells to survive by growing new blood vessels.
• Colon cells protected from free radical that damage DNA because of
curcumin's antioxidant actions.

16. Types of cancer that prevent
curcumin
• Colon cancer
• Rectal cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Osteosarcoma
• Melanoma
• Brain tumors
• Breast cancer

17. Clinical trials
condition sites intervention Trial phase Completion
date
Colon cancer
prevention
University of
pennsylvania
Curcuminoid
complex, 4g daily
Phase II June 2009
Rectal cancer MD Anderson
cancer centre
Curcumin, 4g
daily
Phase II July 2010
Panceratic cancer MD Anderson
cancer centre
Curcumin, 8g
daily
Phase II December 2009
osteosarcoma Tata Memorial
Hospital
Curcumin and
ashwaganda
Phase I and II May 2012

18. SAFETY AND TOXICOLOGY
Pregnancy and lactation
 While studies in pregnant rats, mice, guinea pigs, and monkeys
suggested that the use of turmeric or curcumin is safe for those
animals in pregnancy, there have been no studies involving pregnant
women subjects reported to date.
Based on studies on possible interactions of turmeric with other herbs or
medicines, it can be advised that turmeric (or curcumin supplements)
should not be used in the following
 1. People who are on blood thinning medications, e.g., warfarin,
aspirin, etc.
 2. People who are on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g.,
indomethacin, ibuprofen, etc.
 3. People who are on the hypotensive drug, reserpine.

19. DOSAGE
Turmeric as a spice
can also be
incorporated into the
diet as way to
promote health.
Many people take
400-600 mg. of
turmeric three times
per day in capsules or
tablets

20. Marketed
product

21. Conclusions
• Accumulating preclinical studies have shown that curcumin can interfere
with an increasing number of molecular targets, pathways and processes
involved in cancer.
• As a natural product, curcumin is both non-toxic as well as diversified in its
inhibitory effects involved in carcinogenesis and tumor formation.

22. Reference
• Aggarwal BB, Kumar A, Bharti AC. Anticancer potential of curcumin: preclinical and
clinical studies. Anticancer Res. 2003;23:363–398
• Ammon HP, Wahl MA. Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med. 1991;57:1–7.
doi: 10.1055/s-2006-960004.
• Chattopadhyay I, Biswas K, Bandyopadhyay U, Banerjee RK. Turmeric and
curcuminBiological actions and medicinal applications. Curr Sci. 2004;87:44–50
• C.K.Kokate; A.P.Purohit; S.B.Gokhale. pharmacognosy( 14.132-14.134)
• K.D. Tripathi .Essentials Medical Pharmacology, fifth edition (769-782)
• Hsu CH, Cheng AL, Clinical studies with curcumin: Adv Exp Med Biol 595: 471-
480, 2007
• Agrawal DK, Mishra PK,Curcumin and its analogs: potential anti-cancer
agents. Med Res Rev 30: 818-860, 2010.

23. Thank
you