Urbanization refers to the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people live and work in central areas. The document identifies several causes of urbanization, including industrialization which creates jobs, economic development, and social services available in cities. Positive effects include technological advancement and improved living standards, but urbanization can also lead to overpopulation, the spread of diseases, and the formation of slums due to lack of infrastructure. Without proper planning, urbanization results in negative consequences such as stress-related health issues, crime, unemployment, and terrorism. The document recommends building sustainable cities through population control, provision of essential services, and environmentally-friendly urban planning and development.

1. Urbanization It’s Causes &
ConsequencesBY SAHAR ARSHAD

2. Urbanization
 Urbanization Period began from (4300-
3100 BCE).
 The process by which towns and cities are
formed and become larger as more and
more people begin living and working in
central areas.
 Karachi is a Metropolitan City.

3. Causes of Urbanization
Industrialization
 Shift from old agriculture
towards new.
 Employment Opportunity
 Economic development
Social Benefits &
Services
 Numerous living facilities at
same place
 Underdeveloped countries
Modernization & Changes
in the Mode of Living
 Liberalization
 Ruler to urban migration
 Search of happy & stress free
life

4. Effects of Urbanization
Positive Effects of
Urbanization
 Technological improvement
 Lower literacy rate
 Improved living stander
Poor Health & Spread
of Diseases
 Communicable diseases as health
problems namely allergies, asthma,
infertility, food poisoning.
 Less facilities at gov. Hospitals
Development of
Slums
 Unlawful settlements/ Slums & Quatters.
 Large influx of rural immigrants.
 Garbage / sanitation problems.
 Beggary increased

5. Consequences
Robbery
Stress-Related Health
ConsequencesSocial Stress in cities
 Depression, Sugar and heart
attacks
 Early-life stress may result in
epigenetic changes.
 Fast and complicated life
 Brand consciousness
 Frustration & drug addiction
 Terrorism
 Target killing
 Unemployment

6. Solutions of Urbanization
Building Sustainable &
Environmentally Friendly
cities Planed cites with estimated no. of
population, strict law & order.
 Recycling, renewable energy & planting
moments.
Population Control
 Pollution management.
 Law & strategies
Provision of Essential
Services
 Essential social services namely
education, health, sanitation and clean
water, technology, electricity, and food.

7. Conclusion & Questions