Urbanisations & Industrialisation concept

1. I
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
t
I
o
n
Urbanisation
and Industrialisation
Nor Suzylah Sohaimi (PhD)
School of Government,
Universiti Utara Malaysia

2. Contents:
1.0 Introduction of urbanisations and industrialisations
2.0 Urbanisations concept
3.0 Industrialisation concept
4.0 Urbanisation factors
5.0 Effects of urbanisations
6.0 Issues
7.0 Planning requirements

3. 1.0 Introduction of urbanisations and
industrialisations
• Urbanisation denotes population growth of the cities
and towns.
• Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural
areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns and cities)
• It is also refer to a broad-based rural-to-urban transition
involving population, land use, economic activity and
culture, or indeed any one of these.
• Industrialization is refereed to the period of social
and economic changes which transformed the
humans society from agriculture society to the
industrial society.
• The nature of industrialization is characterized by the
locations where industrial activities occur. Firms can
benefit from a diverse system of cities where various
industrial subsectors can match their locational
preferences on access to labour, markets, inputs and
knowledge.

4. Urbanisations Concept
Urbanizations is a population that is concentrated in urban areas or increasing the proportion. (Kingsley Davis, 1965)
Urbanizations can be defined as a process in terms of:
Ø Increasing number and density of the urban population (population growth):
- Increasing of fertility in city dwellers or
- Migration
Ø Increasing the number of cities in a country or region : The development of economic, culture and technology
Ø Changing village life into city life
Urbanisation implies a change in the economic, social and cultural aspects of the society. It is a process of becoming urba
movement of people or processes to urban areas, increase of urban areas, population or processes (Hussain, M., & Imitiyaz, I.
(2018).

5. • Urbanization can be measured by looking at the proportion of the
population living in urban areas.
U = Population in urban area
P = Total Population
Pu = Percentage of population in urban area
Pu
U =
P

6. Population Growth Land Use & Economic Activity

7. Spatial distribution of Urban population

9. Key Census
Definitions
(2000 census)
Urban
Area
Principal
City
Metropolitan
Area
Urban
Population
Micropolitan
Area
A decently settled geographical area with a minimum
population of 2,500 people & a minimum density of
500 people per square mile.
1
2
People living in urban area.
3
A core area with a substantial population
nucleus, together with adjacent communities
that are integrated, in an economic sense, with
the core area. Minimum population is 50,000
people
4
Concentration of 10,000 to 50,000 people
4
The largest municipality in each metropolitan
or micropolitan statistical area.

10. Industrialization Definition
The large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other produc
economic activity into an area, society, country, etc.
Conversion to the methods, aims, and ideals of industry and economic activity, particularly of an
that was previously underdeveloped economically.
“The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricult
society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services”.
Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are rep
by assembly lines.
Characteristics: include the use of technological innovation to solve problems as opposed to
superstition or dependency upon conditions outside human control such as the weather, as well
more efficient division of labor and economic growth.

11. Most commonly associated with the European Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries.
The onset of the second World War also led to a great deal of industrialization which
resulted in the growth and development of large urban centers and as well as suburbs.
An outgrowth of capitalism and its effects on society are still undetermined to some
extent, however it has resulted in a lower birthrate and a higher average income.

12. The causes of urbanizations
PULL FACTORS
PUSH FACTORS
CITY
RURAL

13. Pull & Push Factors
ü More job opportunities
ü More business
opportunities (formal and
informal sector)
ü Agglomeration
(concentration) of
economic activities
ECONOMY
ü Better living conditions
ü More schools, hospitals and
other public facilities
ü The family moved to the city
SOCIAL

14. The effects of urbanizations
The increase in revenue
Better employment facilities
Better medical facilities
Better facilities for higher education
Better facilities for entertainment, sport & games
POSITIVE
Better facilities for trade & commerce
Better transportation system

15. NEGATIVE
Squatters/ghettos/shanty town in big cities
Unemployment
Social problems and crime
Increasing gap rich / poor and increase the risk of social tensions
(urban poverty)
Environment issues (pollution, solid waster, water quality)

16. ISSUES
Cities become
too large and
unmanageable
1
Differences in
urban and
suburbs and
rural
Urban
poverty Congestion Environmental
pollution
Social
inequality
2 3 4 5 6

17. Clearing chemical waster for Sg Kim Kim, Pasir
Gudang [March, 2019]
Flash floods hit the heart of Kuala lumpur
[September 2020]
Urban Poverty

18. Urbanizations & Industrializations
Population growth, commercial, & industrial instance, has led to economic
growth that will enhance the quality of life, but at the same time they
carry side effects.
Results in socio-economic inequality as squatters, widening income
disparities, urban poverty, rising crime rates and others.
The phenomenon of urbanization-industrialization also impact on the
environment such as pollution, global warming, and the extinction of
natural resources.

19. Planning requirements
Urbanization should be planned with the system so that one can have
positive impact on the optimum - economic, social and environmental.
Short and long term planning and the impact of the various parties shoul
be identified.
Prepare an action plan to solve the problem of long and short term.
“Planning is simply bringing the future into present so that we can do something about it now for our future

20. HOLISTIC APPROACH
COUNTRY
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
& GOVERNANCE
POLICY,
LAW,
RULES, etc.
ORGANIZATION
PEOPLE
“TOP-DOWN”
APPROACH
“BOTTOM-UP”
APPROACH
HORIZONTAL
APPROACH
3 E”s CONCEPTS

21. Why study urbanizations & industrializations ?
ü Development happen and will continue to happen whether we plan
it or not.
ü If there is no planning, we must be willing to accept the
implications.
ü The cost of solving problems is higher than the cost of avoiding the
problem.
ü All parties will be involved in the development process.
ü The effect will be felt by all.

22. Does population density, building etc.
may cause trouble?

23. Should traditional values preserved?
Development vs. flats terrace house

24. How to avoid the congestion of the city?

25. More importantly, how do we preserve our food source?