organic chemistry nomenclature

1. IUPAC
International union of pure andappliedchemistry

2. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Aliphatic / Aromatic
Aromatic  molecule contains benzene
Aliphatic  not contains benzene
- Saturated / Unsaturated
Saturated  single bonded Cs
Unsaturated  double / triple bonded Cs
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3. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Acyclic /Alicylic / heterocyclic
Acyclic  open chain molecule
Alicylic  closed HC ring structure
Heterocyclic  closed HC ring structure one or more N,O or S
atom
- HC / Substituted HC (with O,N, S, X)
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4. CLASSIFICATION
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Oxygenated, Acyclic, saturated, Aliphaticcompound
(2) Classification based of Functional Group
- Alkane, alkene, Amine, acids, nitro, halides…
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5. CLASSIFICATION
Types of Carbon atoms
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6. NOMENCLATURE
General :
1. Write the parent name
2. Write prefix name of substituents.
3. arrange all
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7. NOMENCLATURE
General :
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8. NOMENCLATURE
General :
8
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9. NOMENCLATURE
Priority order for the principal functional group with suffix
9
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10. NOMENCLATURE
1
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11. NOMENCLATURE
Parent HC chain (alkane)
1
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12. NOMENCLATURE
1
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13. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 3,3-dimethyl
- Combine all = 3,3-dimethylpentane
Alkane
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14. NOMENCLATURE
Alkene
- Parent name = 2-pentene
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2-methyl-2-pentene
Alkadiene
- Parent name = 1,3-butadiene
- Name the substituents = nill
- Combine all = 1,3-butadiene
1
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15. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name =
- Name the substituents =
- Combine all =
Alkyne
2-hexyne
5-methyl
5-methyl-2-hexyne
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16. NOMENCLATURE
Halo alkane
- Parent name = butane
- Name the substituents = 1-chloro-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-chloro-2-methylbutane
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloro
- Combine all = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloropentane 1
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17. NOMENCLATURE
Alcohol Alkane – e+ ol = alkanol
- Parent name = butanol
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanol
Alkane + diol = alkanediol
Alkane + triol =alkanetriol
- Parent name = 1,2,3-propanetriol
- Name the substituents = nil
- Combine all = 1,2,3-propanetriol (Glycerol) 1
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18. NOMENCLATURE
Ethoxyethane / diethylether
Ether
Alkoxyalkane
- Parent name = hexane
- Name the substituents = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl
- Combine all = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl hexane
1
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19. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = butanal
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanal
Aldehyde Alkane – e+ al = alkanal
1
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20. NOMENCLATURE
Ketone Alkane – e+ one = alkanone
- Parent name = 2-hexanone
- Name the substituents = 4-methyl
- Combine all = 4-methyl-2-hexanone
Alkane + dione =alkanedione
- Parent name = 2-4-hexanedione
- Name the substituents = nil
2
- Combine all = 2-4-hexanedione
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21. 4-bromo-2,4-
dimethylhexane
2-
methylpentanal
5-bromoheptan-2-
ol 5-bromo-2-
heptanol
Methanal
(Formaldehyd
e)
NOMENCLATURE
2
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22. NOMENCLATURE
2
Carboxylic acid
Alkane – e+ oic acid = alkanoic acid
- Parent name = pentanoic acid
- Name the substituents = 4-bromo
- Combine all = 4-bromopentanoic acid
Alkane + dioic acid = alkanedioic acid
- Parent name = pentanedioic acid
- Name the substituents = 2-butyl
- Combine all = 2-butylpentanedioic acid
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23. NOMENCLATURE
Esters 
Carboxylic acid derivative
alkyl + alkanoic acid – ic acid + ate
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24. NOMENCLATURE
Carboxylic acid derivative
Acid chloride  alkanoic acid – ic acid + yl chloride
Anhydride  alkanoic acid – acid + anhydride
Amide  alkanoic acid – ic acid + amide
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25. NOMENCLATURE
Nitro alkane
- Parent name = heptane
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl-4-nitro
- Combine all = 3-methyl-4-nitroheptane
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26. NOMENCLATURE
Amine
- Parent name = butanamine
- Name the substituents = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethyl
- Combine all = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethylbutanamine
Alkane – e+ amine = alkanamine
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27. NOMENCLATURE
Cycloalkane
- The ring is the parent hydrocarbon unless the substituent has more
carbon atoms than the ring.
- Parent name = clopropane
- Name the substituents = 1-ethyl-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane
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28. NOMENCLATURE
Cycloalkene
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29. NOMENCLATURE
- Parent name = oxirane
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2,2-dimethyloxirane
Epoxide/ Oxiranes / alkene oxides
alkyloxirane
Oxirane
Heterocyclic ring  numbering starts
from hetero atom
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30. NOMENCLATURE
2,2-dimethyloxirane
3
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31. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
Alkene +alkyne = alkenyne
(Alk-en-yne)
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32. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
3
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33. NOMENCLATURE
Polyfuctional groups
- Starting the numbering of C chain
3
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34. NOMENCLATURE
Name to structure
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35. NOMENCLATURE
Name to structure
(Aldol )
3-Penten-2-
one
(α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound)
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36. NOMENCLATURE
Structural isomerism
3
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37. NOMENCLATURE
Naming of isomers (Structural isomerism)
Straight chain  prefix n-
One methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix iso-
two methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix neo-
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38. NOMENCLATURE
Some prefix groups (as sustituents)
1-
phenylpropanone
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39. NOMENCLATURE
3
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40. NOMENCLATURE
CFC
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Same functional group with same
locant from both side numbering
 Lowest locant is given to group
that comes first as Alphabetically
first

41. Structure to name
NOMENCLATURE
4
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42. E
n
d
oft
h
etopic
Reference:
Organic Chemistry - Bahl & Bahl
Organic Chemistry - Morrison, Boyd
https://egpat.com/blog/14-rules-you-should-know-to-write-
IUPAC-name-of-organic-compounds