CRP is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-6 secretion by macrophages and T cells. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints.  Antibodies directed against the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are called rheumatoid factors (RFs). They are heterogenous and usually composed of immunoglobulin M (IgM)

1. Lecturer: S. Pordel
M.Sc. of Immunology
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2. What Are Serologic Tests?
Serologic tests are blood tests that look for antibodies or antigen in your blood.
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3. Serological
reaction primary
secondary
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Qualitative
Quantitative
Semi quantitative
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agglutination
precipitation
fluccolation

5.  It is an acute-phase protein of hepatic origin that increases following interleukin-
6 secretion by macrophages and T cells.
 It is a member of the pentraxin family of proteins.
 This acute phase response occurs as a result of a rise in the concentration of IL-6,
which is produced by macrophages as well as adipocytes
 A wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions such as bacterial, viral, or
fungal infections; rheumatic and other inflammatory diseases; malignancy; and tissue
injury and necrosis release of interleukin-6 and other cytokines that trigger the
synthesis of CRP by the liver.
CRP
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6.  The C-reactive protein (CRP) test is used by a health practitioner to
detect inflammation.
 CRP test is not specific enough to diagnose a particular disease, it does serve as a
general marker for infection and inflammation, thus alerting health practitioners that
further testing and treatment may be necessary.
 A high or increasing amount of CRP in the blood suggests the presence
of inflammation but will not identify its location or the cause
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CRP or ESR?

9. Reverse Passive Agglutination 9

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Heidelberger curve

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 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the
joints.
 Antibodies directed against the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (IgG) are called
rheumatoid factors (RFs). They are heterogenous and usually composed of immunoglobulin
M (IgM)
RA

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 The rheumatoid factor (RF) test is primarily used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA)and
to help distinguish RA from other forms of arthritis or other conditions that cause similar
symptoms.
 A negative RF test does not rule out RA. About 20% of people with RA will have very low
levels of or no detectable RF. In these cases, a CCP antibody test may be positive and used
to confirm RA.
 Positive RF test results may also be seen in 1-5% of healthy people

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Passive Agglutination

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