5. Multicellular
Body covered in a complex cuticle.
Has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve
ring.
Body cavity is a pseudocoel, body fluid under
high pressure.
Body possesses a through gut with a
subterminal anus.
8. Feed on just about everything.
Nematodes can be herbivorous, carnivorous, or parasitic.
They can be both generalists and specialists
9. Live just about everywhere, many
species are endoparasites.
They are found in almost everywhere, terrestrial,
fresh water, salt water, and in other organisms as
parasites.
Nematodes that live in other organisms are called
Parasitic
Nematodes that don’t live in other organisms are
called Free Living
10. Reproduction normally sexual.
Separate sexes
Males have specialized spine for sexual reproduction
that is used to inject sperm.
Sperm cells do not have flagella and moves using an
amoeboid motion
Some species are live-bearing, most lay eggs.
Eggs, escape through a mid-body hole called the
gonomore in the female
11. Egg cycle
Larva stages
L1 – develops inside the egg, hatches, then
molts to L2
L2 – shows rapid growth followed by a second
molt
L3 – the infective stage for may species of
nematodes, then molts inside the host to L4
L4 – grows then undertakes final molt to an
immature adult
L5 – final growth phase and becomes sexually
mature.
12. Molting
Synthesis of a new cuticle by the
hypodermis. At this stage, the larva is still
covered by the old cuticle.
Exsheathment is a process by which the old
cuticle is loosene and ruptured, followed by
the larva wriggling out of the casting of the
old cuticle.
13. Ecological importance
They play a role in decomposition and
nutrient cycling, where they are often the
intermediate decomposers that partly break
down organic materials so that they can then
be dealt with by bacterial decomposers
14. Economic importance
Nematodes are used for gardening.
They would destroy pests. Upon
entering their hosts or target pest,
they release bacteria that would kill
that pest.
15. Class: Adenophorea
Order: Stichosomid
Super family: Trichocephaloidea
Family: Trichinellidea
Scientific Name: Trichinella spiralis
Tropical parasites
Responsible for Trichinosis
Responsible for elephantiasis and river blindness
Uses pigs humans and other mammals as hosts
16. Class: Secernentea
Order: Strongylida
Family: Strongyidae
Scientific Name: Strongylus vulgaris
Also known as blood worm
Usually in the large intestines
Causes diarrhea, colic, moderate normocytic, normochromic
anemia
Infects the iliac artery that may lead to temporary lameness.
17. Class: Adenophorea
Subclass: Chromadorea
Order: Rhabditida
Family: Rhabditidae
Scientific Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
Free living
Most studied nematode
Non-hazardus, non-infectious, non-pathogenic, non-parasitic
First multicellular organism where a complete DNA sequence was obtained.
Served as a biological model organism for genetic developmental studies.