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Chapter 5
- 1. Network Addressing
Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter
5
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
- 2. Purpose of an IP Address
A logical network address that identifies a host
A host (end-user) must have a NIC card
– workstations
– servers
– printers
– router interface
Each packet will contain a source and destination IP
address
Packet Tracer Activity 5.1.1 – Section 2
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- 3. IP addresses
32 binary digits
4 octets
Dotted decimal notation
IP Version 4
– most common form of IP addresses
Over 4 billion possible IP addresses
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- 4. Binary Numbers
The IP address is made up of binary numbers (1 or 0)
Humans must be able to talk computer language to
send data
We do this by converting our numbering system
(Base 10 to binary)
Let’s try some . . .
Convert 140 to binary
Convert 10 to binary
Convert 11010111 to Base 10
Convert 11111110 to Base 10
Time to play a game -- Online Activity 5.1.2 –
Section 3
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- 5. Parts of an IP Address
Hierarchial
– made up of 2 parts
• network
• host
– determined by IP class
Similar to your phone number
– Area code = network
– phone number = host
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- 6. Purpose of the Subnet Mask
Helps identify network bits (all 1s) and host bits
Boolean math or “ANDING”
What happens if both source and destination IP are on
the same network??
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- 7. Types of IP Addresses
Class A
– Range 1-127
– N.H.H.H
– First bit in octet will be a 0
– Default subnet mask
• 255.0.0.0
– can create over 16 million host addresses
• 224 – 2 = 16,777,214 to be exact
• why do you subtract 2???
– Used in large organizations
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- 8. Types of IP Addresses
Class B
– Range 128-191
– N.N.H.H
– First bit in octet will be a 1
– Default subnet mask
• 255.255.0.0
– can create over 65,000 host addresses
• 216 – 2 = 65,534 to be exact
– Used in medium-sized organizations
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- 9. Types of IP Addresses
Class C
– Range 192 -223
– N.N.N.H
– First two bits in octet will be a 11
– Default subnet mask
• 255.255.255.0
– can create 254 hosts
• 28 – 2 = 254 to be exact
– Used in small organizations
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- 10. Types of IP Addresses
Class D
– Range 224 - 239
– used for multicasting
– not for commercial use
Class E
– Range 240 - 255
– reserved for experimental use
– not for commercial use
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- 11. Private IP Addresses
Helps avoid the problem of limited IP addresses
Allows hosts to communicate locally without each device needing
a public IP address
Not routed on the Internet; blocked by the ISP router
Private address ranges assigned by RFC 1918
– Request for comment
– all classes can be used for any size network
– most use Class A
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- 12. Unicast Address
Most common type of address
Intended for a specific host
Must have both destination IP and MAC in the header
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- 13. Broadcast Address
All ones in the host portion of the IP address
– Class C address: 204.33.4.0 (N.N.N.H)
– Broadcast address: 204.33.4.255
MAC address all Fs
– FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF
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- 14. Multicast Address
Send packet to a group of devices
Must use multicast address range
Range 224.0.0.0 – 239.255.255.255
Used for remote gaming
MAC address begins with:
– 01-00-5E
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- 15. Using Static IP Addressing
Manually configured by the network administrator
Advantages
– useful for printers, servers, etc
– increased control of resources (security)
Disadvantages
– time consuming
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- 16. Using Dynamic IP Addressing
Automatic assignment of IP addresses
Useful if frequent change in users (wireless hotspot)
Uses DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
server
IP addresses leased for a period of time
– if host is removed from the network (turned off), the IP
address goes back into the pool of IP address
Preferred method for large networks
– reduces the burden of network support
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- 17. Configuring DHCP
If host is configured as DHCP client, it will not have a
– IP address
– Subnet Mask
– Default Gateway
Clients send a DHCP address
– Broadcast IP and MAC
• only DHCP server replies
Server responds with DHCP offer of an IP address
Host/client sends DHCP request asking server to
use the IP address
Server responds with DHCP acknowledgment
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- 18. Obtaining an IP address from DHCP server
Multifunction device (Linksys Router) provides services
to clients (SOHO network)
Configuring the DHCP server
– Enter router default IP address and subnet mask for internal
interface
• IP = 192.168.1.1
• Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
–On DHCP screen
• check range
• number of users
• lease time (24 hours by default)
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- 19. Purpose of a Gateway
Used by the router to provide the path through which hosts on one
network can communicate with hosts on a different network
Default gateway address
– IP address of the router interface
If DHCP is being used
– the DHCP server will automatically send the correct IP interface to
the host to use as the default gateway
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- 20. Address Assignment
ISR (Integrated Services Router)
Default IP address
– Class C Private Address
– Configured on router interface
Internal hosts must be assigned addresses within the
same network
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- 21. Address Management
Direct Connection
– direct connection from PC to ISP through modem
– public address assigned to the host
Connection through Integrated Router
– more than one host needs access to the Internet
– modem connected to ISR
Connection through Gateway Device
– ISR and modem in one unit
– connect directly to ISP
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- 22. Using NAT with a Home or Small Business
Network
NAT (Network Address Translation)
Translates private IP addresses into unique public
address for Internet communication
Only packets destined for different network use NAT
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