1. BIOLOGY
Unit 2 Notes:
Plants, Animals & The
Endosymbiotic Theory

2. (1) Plant vs Animal Cells
• Both plants and animals are made of cells.
• Because they complete different life processes
+ live in different environments, they require
different things.
• Plants and Animals have unique, individual
structures, to help them stay living and healthy.
– These “structures” are called ORGANELLES.

3. (2) Only Plant Cells Have…
• Enlarged Vacuole:
– Stores extra water for photosynthesis.
– Helps increase rigidity of plant structure.
• Chloroplasts:
– Converts sunlight + CO2 + water into sugars and
O2.
• Cell Wall:
– Extra barrier around the whole cell.
– Helps increase rigidity of plant structure.

6. (3) Only Animal Cells Have…
• Peroxisomes:
– Used to break down Hydrogen Peroxide using
catalase.
– Hydrogen Peroxide is a by-product of lipid
metabolism in animals.

9. (4) Both Plants & Animals Have…
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•
•
•
•
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Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Body
Lysosomes
Ribosomes

11. (5) The Endosymbiotic Theory
• States:
Modern eukaryotic cells evolved from free-living
prokaryotic cells living symbiotically with larger
unicellular organisms.
• Evidence:
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have…
– DNA
– Cell Membranes
– Ability to Reproduce
– Ability to Produce Proteins