Pengenalan kepada kumpulan ubat

1. Kumpulan Ubat
Farmakologi
NUHS 2042

2. 1. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs)
Are a class of drugs that provides;
– Analgesic (non-narcotic) - ↓ pain
– Antipyretic - ↓ fever
– Anti-inflammatory effects (in higher doses) – ↓
inflammatory
Examples; Aspirin, Ibuprofen and Naproxen
Side effect; nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, bleeding

3. 2. Anti-diabetic
• Drugs used to treat Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
• Examples;
i. Insulin
ii. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents (OHA)
- Sulfonylureas ( eg; Diabenase)
- Biguanides (eg; Metformine)
- Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (eg; Precose)
- Thizolidiones (eg; Avandia)

4. 3. Anti-spasmodic
• Relax the smooth muscles of the gut, helping
to prevent or relieve painful cramping spasms
in the stomach, intestines, or bladder
• Side effects : drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred
vision, an inability to urinate, constipation
• Contoh; Buscopan

5. 4. Antipyretic
- Sesetengah analgesik mempunyai kesan
antipyretic dimana ia boleh membantu
menurunkan suhu badan
- Eg; Paracetamol

6. 5. Carminative
- Ubat yang mengeluarkan udara dari perut
serta menggalakkan peristalsis
6. Anti-cancer (antineoplastic)
- Digunakan dalam perawatan kanser

7. 7. Cholinergic
• Cholinergic drugs produce the same effects as
Acetylcholine (neurohormone of the
parasympathetic nervous system)
• Indication; Myasthenia gravis
• Eg; Tensilon

8. 8. Anticholinergic
• An anticholinergic agent is a substance that
blocks the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine in
the central and the peripheral nervous system