Health and disease 3 ESO

1. HEALTH AND
DISEASE

2. VOCABULARY OF THE UNIT
●
Health
●
Disease
●
Illness
●
Contagious
●
Non-contagious
●
Incubation
●
Acute
●
Convalescence
●
Infectious

3. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO),
health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being.
A disease is an abnormal condition
affecting the body of an organism. It is
often associated with
specific symptoms and signs.

4. TYPES OF DISEASES
There are two types of diseases: infectious and non-infectious.
Non-infectious diseases are not
caused by microorganisms, so
they are never contagious.
They can be hereditary or can be
related to:
- age (like osteoporosis,
Alzheimer's disease, cataracts)
- non-healthy ways of life, like
drugs or alcohol consumption,
smoking or lack of physical
exercise (such as cancers, stroke
and pulmonary or cardiovascular
diseases).
Infectious diseases are
caused by pathogenic
microorganisms, such as
bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi.
If the disease can
be transmitted
from one person
to another, it is
called a
contagious
infectious
disease.
If the disease can't
be transmitted, it is
called a non-
contagious
infectious disease.

5. WAYS OF TRANSMISSION OF CONTAGIOUS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
A contagious infectious disease can be transmitted through
two ways of transmission:
In the direct transmission,
the pathogen passes
directly from an ill person
to a healthy one, by direct
contact, sneeze, cough, etc.
In the indirect transmission,
the pathogen uses vehicles or
vectors to pass from one
person to another. These
vectors can be water, food or
animals.

6. STAGES IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES
There are three stages in infectious diseases:
1
The incubation period is
the time between the
infection and the
appearance of symptoms.
Some diseases have a
latency period, in
which the pathogen has
infected the body, but it
remains inactive and
can't be transmitted to
other people.
2
During the acute period the
symptoms of the disease occur.
3
The convalescence period is
the time when the pathogens
are eliminated, the symptoms
disappear and the person
recovers again.

7. DISEASES
can be
NON-INFECTIOUS
INFECTIOUS
No contagious
Not caused by germs
Caused by age or way of life
Caused by germs
CONTAGIOUS
NON-CONTAGIOUS
●Direct ransmission
●Indirect transmission
1)Incubation (some latency period)
2)Acute period (symptons appear)
3)Convalescence period.
STAGES
TO SUM UP