The Literary Analysis Of The Herodotus Of Halicarnassus

The Literary Analysis Of The Herodotus Of Halicarnassus
Little is known of the life of Herodotus of Halicarnassus who was born in a part of the Greek empire
in what is present day Turkey, and lived between ca. 484 and 420 BC, other than that he was the
author of the Histories. It was the first history to break with the "Homeric" way of relating history
by interweaving it with myth and delivering it in the style of poetry. Instead, Herodotus produced
systematic accounts of history following a chronological order, assembled as many facts and forms
of evidence as possible, and used them with a critical spirit of analysis. These documents describe
the history of the Persian wars from the fall of the Lydian kingdom in western Anatolia to the
beginning of the Archidamian War. At its heart is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Herodotus then zooms in and pictures the conflict taking place hand–to–hand within a temple to
Demeter, again underscoring the intimate relationship between military violence and religious
veneration. The ferocity of war and combat is heightened here, as elsewhere, in descriptive additions
and language flavored with adjectives. Herodotus displays a detailed concern with the accessories of
combat and pays particular attention to the fact that the Persians were relatively lightly armed.
Indeed, over the course of the Histories at large, armaments emerge as an important factor in
determining military victories. Here, the Persians "were neither less valorous nor weaker, but they
had no amour; moreover, they were unskilled and no match for their adversaries in craft".
The picture of the Persians as valorous but unskilled, and many in number but reckless, is not
limited to this excerpt–it is one of the main themes of the Histories overall. Later commentators
have picked up on Herodotus's repeated negative characterizations of the Persians as a barbaric race
as indicative of his general way of formulating an undesirable picture of "the Other." Hartog, in
particular, has spoken about "Herodotus's mirror" held up to the Persians, reflecting them as barbaric
and savage in comparison to the Greeks, especially in terms of their fighting methods.
Another
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Herodotus Research Paper
Herodotus Paper
I am Herodotus and I have found more civilizations. I have found Mesopotamia, Egypt, The Indus
Valley, and China. When I had found these civilizations I was so happy, but I had no clue what their
writing was and what they had done for a living, so I must find out. When I had finished studying
these civilizations I had realized that Egypt's step–pyramids looked just like the ziggurat In
Mesopotamia. I also had learned that they had traded because I had in Mesopotamia they had things
from the Indus Valley.
The first thing I have learned when I was learning about the civilizations was the river system. There
were two rivers in Mesopotamia called the Tigris and Euphrates river. The rivers in Mesopotamia
had flooded and damaged crops and destroyed crops, but had ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The rivers had flooded irregularly because they didn't know when the two rivers would flood. The
river in Egypt is called the Nile river and was in the Delta which was water shaped like a triangular
shape and the water is led to the ocean. The river had flooded regularly because the Egyptians had
calendars of when it flooded and when it didn't flood. The river had also carried fertile silt, which
would make the land very fertile and it was very fertile because of the silt and the flooding. Next is
the Indus Valley and it also had flooded,but had flooded irregularly like Mesopotamia's river. The
river had flooded irregularly because the Indus Valley had walls because they hadn't kept track on
the rivers when the river had flooded. The last river is the Huang He river or "The Yellow River" or
"China's Sorrow". The Yellow River had flooded regularly because they had kept track of the floods
and they needed the river to flood because it created silt and some crops had required the river to
flood until

Heroadotus : Primary Source Analysis : Herodotus Of...
Herodotus: Primary Source Analysis
Danielle Mills
HIST 531– D001
December 31, 2017
Professor Carpenter
American Military University
"Herodotus of Halicarnassus here gives the results of his researches, so that the events of human
history may not fade with time and the notable achievements both of Greeks and of foreigners may
not lack their due fame; and, among other things, to show why these peoples came to make war on
one another." Herodotus is considered one of the founders of historiography. It had long been argued
that Herodotus was important for his military histories of Ancient Greece, but although his works
focused on military and war he put specific emphasis on detailed factors that related more to the
cultural aspects of Greek history.
After 800 BC, with the rise of the Polis there was a shift in historical writing. "A city–state is often
described as a 'face–to–face society,' a society, that is, in which everybody has personal contact with
everybody else (at least the adult male citizens)." This represents a fundamental change from what
had mainly been seen as an agricultural society in the past to an urban society where the majority of
citizens lived within city walls. With that there came a change in the focus of historical writing from
not just the heroes, but to also the everyday people and the survival of these city–states. Greek
reflection would focus on the fate of the city–states rather than that of the scope of the old history.
After

History is a term that has evolved in its application and definition throughout the ages. It is also full
a wide expanse of people who had a prominent influence during their time, and strived to change the
way they might be perceived in generations to follow. Herodotus was a revolutionary writer from
the fifth century BCE who made a major impact on his world and is continuing to do so in the
present. Even though he might not be exceedingly popular, Herodotus made important
advancements in the way history is defined today. He is known as an "oral historian" because of his
methodology. His travels led him across the Persian Empire, where he spoke to numerous people
and documented their accounts in his works, known today as The Histories. Herodotus' ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He strongly believed that the Greeks could learn from the large variety of cultures from around the
Mediterranean Sea. For this reason, Herodotus went on to write about the various kinds of societies
that he visited: "...Herodotus was an endlessly curious man and gathered information about the
world around him from as many people and places as he could investigate" (Cartledge). First of all,
in his travels to Egypt, Herodotus took note of some important points about the society and lifestyle
of the ancient Egyptians. Some of the earliest descriptions of the traditions of the Egyptians by a
Western writer come from Herodotus, as he provides beneficial information regarding the society
and people of fifth century Egypt. In his writings, Herodotus incorporated intriguing points of
interest, for example, the elaborate Egyptian burial practises (Jones). His numerous descriptions of
mummification have provided historians today a unique insight into the structure of this ancient
practise. Incidentally, Herodotus did more than observe and record various aspects of cultures
during his travels; he was also very informative about the geography of the exotic lands he visited.
While primarily a work of history, The Histories contains a wealth of geographic descriptions
covering much of the known world. Herodotus wrote about many places including: Egypt, Scythia,
Persia, and Asia Minor. He mentioned many of the physical characteristics of Egypt from his time
there: "from the coast inland as far as Heliopolis the breadth of Egypt is considerable, the country is
flat, without springs, and full of swamps," (Herodotus, The Histories 2.7). His descriptions of Africa
are controversial in their details, but they do describe the continent being surrounded by a water
mass. This was an

Herodotus: The Struggle Between Greek And Persian Empires
RChapter 7 Terms Herodotus (p.159) D: A greek historian that created many tales about the Persian
empire and its quarrels with other civilizations. One story consisted of a scuffle between Cyrus and
Croesus. S:His stories gave us perspective on the struggles between Greek and Persian empires.
Medes and Persians (p.160) D:People who had migrated from central Asia to Persia. Where they
lived under loose control to the Babylonian and Assyrian empires. Spoke Indo–European languages
and were apart of Indo–European migrations. S:The Medes and Persians were very important
because they were the origins of the classical Persian society. They had set the foundation and
started it. Darius (p.162) D:Most extraordinary of all the Achaemenid emperors he reigned (521–486
BCE). Expanded his empire east and west ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Satrapies (pgs.162–163) D:Administrative and taxation districts that were governed by satraps.
Darius divided his realm into 23 satrapies. S:The creation of Satrapies had made Darius's empire
much more manageable to govern and he was able to prevent disunion by always checking on the
satrapies with tax officials and imperial spies. And it influenced governments in other regions.
Xerxes (pgs.164–165) D:Darius's successor. Rejected Persian rule of toleration. Reigned 486–465
BCE. S:Because of Xerxes's arrogance and reluctance to tolerate other cultures it caused turmoil and
ill will to Mesopotamians and Egyptians.And it ended up causing dire dilemmas for the future
Persians to keep their empire together. Imperial Bureaucrats (p.169) D:Administrators that present
the central power and take out imperial code. They prevented the other satrapies of straying from
their alliance to the Persians. S:This administrative technique allowed for ethnicity and diversity.
And because Persia was immensely large it was a reliable government

Herodotus Primary Sources
Herodotus was the first Greek to look at the big picture. He differed from famous authors such as
Homer and other authors, with texts of legends and mythology. Herodotus describes human causes
for circumstances and events, rather than labeling them as divine ones, which authors at that time
arguably focused their writings. When Herodotus describes divinity, he relies on the human
approach by relying on the knowledge of other cultures. His cultural interests vary in philosophy,
anthropology and religion. The three being the primary source material for his body of work. When
he places this particular information into his book, labeled 'The Enquiries,' or Historia, translated
this means inquiry and investigation over the subject matter, not necessarily ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
To better comprehend this, one must look deeper into his writings. In 'The Histories', Herodotus
writes: "I however am bound to report which is reported, though I am not bound altogether to
believe it – and that may be taken to apply to this book as a whole," [Histories, Book 7, 152]. From
this quote, one can assume that he understands that he is obligated to write down events and that it
does not necessarily have to be truthful as with any human, a bias will be present. According to
Harrison in his book, Divinity and History, "The Histories has been seen as a failure on Herodotus'
part to accept his responsibilities as a historian, [pg.24]." What makes Herodotus a pioneer, in my
mind, is that he uses the scientific approach of observation and presents his findings to the world
through his writings as inferences. I believe that Herodotus influences thematize Greek culture
within and outside Western Tradition. From the inception of Ancient Greek culture to Greek
Orthodoxy, I believe Herodotus influences the politics of the Greeks and their religion by shaping
their views through his

The Landmark Herodotus Analysis
The Landmark Herodotus is one of the most unique history books that I have read. While reading
The Landmark Herodotus, I was not sure if I was reading a history book or an epic. It was written to
record the events of the Persians and Hellenes, but it incorporated myths, oral traditions, and the
authors opinions which made me feel like I had experienced each historic event first hand.
Herodotus's writing style is unique, but in the appendix C he is criticized for sometimes being
inaccurate and distorting historic facts, because he relied on people who can have faulty memories
or sources of knowledge. Herodotus sometimes was not certain on some facts, but he did his best to
rely on logic to make the best argument on what happened. For example, Herodotus argues that the
Colchians are Egyptians. He argues this by first noting his opinion of their resemblance and then
used his logic to show how they came from the army of Sesostris. He also points out that their whole
culture and the way they did things were very similar to the Egyptians. Unfortunately, in the
appendix Herodotus is called out for being wrong about his opinion of the Colchian's origin. ...
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One of the accounts that stood out to me was when Herodotus recorded the events that happened in
king Xerxes's life. Herodotus seems to be able to give specific details about Xerxes trying to decide
whether or not he wanted to go to war and how he was receiving divine dreams, persuading him to
go. When Herodotus adds details like these I am forced to wonder how much of his writings I can
trust, but then he will write things that I know can be proven. In the same account of Xerxes he was
very specific on how the bridges across Hellespont were

The Roles And Contributions Of Herodotus And Sima Qian
Although Herodotus and Sima Qian lived hundreds of years apart on opposite sides of the planet,
their respective impacts on their societies and humanity as a whole are tremendous. Herodotus was
born in 480 BCE in Halicarnassus, Asia Minor (now Turkey). His family was wealthy, and
immediately resisted the Persian rule after their conquest of the city, leading to his exile on the
island of Samos – his first encounter with the trauma of war. He then wrote The Histories, a work of
massive scope that focused on reliability and thoroughness unlike anything before it. Sima Qian was
born in 145 BCE in Han–ruled China. His father held the title "Grand Astrologer," a position
concerned with preparing the yearly calendar. However, his father had begun writing a grand work
of history: at his death, Qian promised to finish the work in his honor. The Records of the Historian,
like The Histories, was revolutionary in that it covered far more spatial and temporal ground than
any prior Chinese work. Because their purviews were so vast and recordings so comprehensive,
Herodotus' and Sima Qian's respective influences were felt throughout their societies, thus
facilitating their arbitration of moral judgment through interpretation of historical fact. In crude
terms, they understood that the what was inconsequential without the why. Specifically, they saw
their roles as interpreters as opportunities to become arbiters of moral judgment: moral leaders.
Their works, and thus their mechanisms of

Herodotus And Vespucci Essay
But while Herodotus and Vespucci use similar strategies in evoking the marvels of the far reaches of
the world, what of the darker shadows on the edge? Both authors do claim that monstrous things can
hide on the fringes of maps, and as Grafton points out, Vespucci's descriptions of his "monsters"
often echo older texts like the Histories. For example, both Europeans of Vespucci's day and
Herodotus's Greeks loathed cannibalism, so cannibals serve as appropriate menaces for the reader
seeking knowledge about the world's farther regions. In his Histories, Herodotus writes that a people
called the Padaei have a custom that "when a man falls sick, his closest companions kill him
because, as they put it, their meat would be spoiled if he were ... Show more content on
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Therefore, these monsters exist hazily in the Histories, but still exist. In contrast, Vespucci's
monsters remain only people. In his letters, the cannibals seem the most monstrous in actions, but
they do not appear physically abnormal to Vespucci's eyes as a dog–headed man would be to
Herodotus or the Libyans. Vespucci characterizes the peoples of the New World, cannibals included,
as having "big, solid and well proportioned bodies", a far cry from having eyes in the chest (48).
While other tribes not mentioned as practicing cannibalism attack Vespucci, he describes the tribe of
cannibals as being "of a quite courteous disposition and fine stature", noting that they do not devour
their own people or women in stark contrast to Herodotus's own cannibals (Vespucci 9). As a result,
in Vespucci's work, select actions create monsters, not immutable physical qualities. While a
nuanced difference, it proves vital one when considering where the authors sit in history.
Herodotus's Greece did not seek widespread colonization of the lands where dog–headed peoples
reside, and so Herodotus may leave his monsters to the mists of rumor. Vespucci, however, resides at
the forefront of a wave of conquest that eventually reshapes both the New and Old Worlds
irrevocably. He goes to the Americas with a divergent agenda than the one Herodotus

Herodotus And Thucydides Use Of Greek Gods And Goddesses
1. Although Herodotus and Thucydides did not use poetry in their writing, they still found other
ways to engage their audiences. Breisach stated that Herodotus engaged his audience by, "relying on
human curiosity and on the internal tensions of stories." (17) On the other hand, Breisach declares
that Thucydides engaged his audience by, "searching for the essence of history" and "finding
history's stylistic counterpart in a sparse." (17)
2. People might deem Thucydides' history to be elitist history due to him unknowingly limiting it to
only the elite part of the public. According to Breisach,"Thucydides' "new" history, precious to those
who searched for sophisticated and complex answers, became slowly separated from the
consciousness of the broad masses." (18) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role of Greek gods and goddesses decreases importance from Homer through to Thucydides.
Breisach proclaimed that Homer believed gods and goddesses "participated lustily in the affairs of
mortals", (14) which means he believed they were very important and apparent in human life.
Herodotus believed gods and goddesses influenced human life also, although not as strongly as
Homer did. Breisach stated, "Herodotus spoke of the still important intervention of gods and
goddesses on fewer occasions and in subtler ways." (14) Opposite of Homer and Herodotus' beliefs,
Thucydides did not believe gods and goddesses directly influenced human life. Breisach declared
that Thucydides believed "the gods never directly influenced the course of human events."

Cultural Bias and Structure in Herodotus Essay
Herodotus' writes his Histories for Greeks. Specifically for Greeks living in Herodotus' own time.
The statement of purpose which begins the work seems to contradict this hypothesis. Herodotus
claims to wish to "prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the
fame of the important and remarkable achievements " [Herodotus, 1.0]. The underlying assumption
here is that the author is preserving these events and achievements for future generations and
perhaps even future civilizations. The text however does not does not follow these guidelines.
Herodotus assumes that his reader will have certain amount of common knowledge.
When discussing geographical distances, Herodotus often gives them relative to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within this primary structure lies a secondary tangential structure. Herodotus tangentially discusses
almost everything which is brought up in his historical narrative. Any subject, region, or people that
is mentioned within the primary structure is a candidate for secondary structure examination. Most
often this comes in the form of a discussion of some land that the Persians conquered. These
secondary structure tangents often include their own historical narratives, geographical descriptions,
and anthropological observations. The secondary structure of The Histories almost obscures the
primary structure, making it difficult for a casual or first time reader to follow the overall narative.
So we are presented with a narrative history quite similar to a modern history but which goes off on
tangents on subjects when they first appear in the narrative (this of course includes tangents off of
tangents).
The structure of The Histories presents a problem. The secondary structure of The Histories almost
obscures the primary structure, making the book difficult to follow. We are presented with two
possibilities. Either Herodotus is not a good author or The Histories was not meant to be read as a
book. Given the oral nature of fifth century Athens the later is far more likely. Books were likely a
rarity in Herodotus' time given the difficulty in reproducing them. Given the oral

Comparing The Iliad And The Odyssey
Greek historians saw themselves as a part of a long tradition that went back to Homer and Hesiod,
and became fully defined by the time of Herodotus and Thucydides. To the Greeks themselves, the
concept of their history came down from the epics, and this would shape the tradition from which
later Greek historians would draw. Homer's Trojan War, and the heroes that populated the narrative
were considered to be true events and historical figures. The Iliad and The Odyssey, recorded long
after the events supposedly occurred, also gave rise to the perception that the past was divided into
two parts: a heroic age of the gods and heroes and a post–heroic age of men. Because the age of
heroes was defined by the writers of epic and thus considered fixed, in the very early stages of
Greek historiography, attempts were made to bridge the gap between the two ages with genealogies,
linking Greek families with the heroes of the epics. In a similar fashion, the Myth of the Races in
Hesiod's Works and Days is considered by some scholars to be a proto–historical account, similar to
the myth of Prometheus and Pandora, because it is an attempt to create an origin for the human race,
whether or not it was believed to be true by the author.
The ancients made attempts at mapping the development of historiography as well. Dionysius of
Halicarnassus treated this subject in his work On Thucydides. He claimed that Greek historical
writing began with "local" historians who wrote about their

What Are Xerxes Attitudes Towards The Spartans
Primary Source Essay #1
Today when people talk about the Spartans they think about the movie 300 that was created that
shows 300 Spartan warriors facing Xerxes army of 150,000 men. What they do not know are the
actual real accounts that happened during the time of this particular Persian invasion. When
Herodotus wrote the Histories he mentions this battle in great detail. His thirst for knowledge gives
us a better perspective of Spartans and Persians since his writings have lasted since they were
written. In the Histories Herodotus gives pure examples of Xerxes attitudes towards the Greeks
along with his superstitious and tyrannical behavior. Throughout his journey listening to peddlers
and many other scholars like himself he learned of Spartan culture and how they took arms on each
battlefield. After each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When Xerxes sent his men through the hidden path around the mountain Leonidas still stood his
ground with his Spartans even though he allowed most of the troops to return home. This shows in
Spartan culture a man would rather die in battle than run and be dishonored. Leonidas was
superstitious about the oracle that determined a king shall fall from Sparta or Sparta itself will be
destroyed. The people of Sparta must have had much intelligence to understand how to create this
choke point of the other army. Many of the different battles even after Thermopylae show that the
Spartans were versatile toward warfare.
Honor is shown throughout this narrative. Demaratus warns Xerxes about facing the Greeks in battle
and talks about the men being free. No matter what number of enemies they face to either conquer
them or die trying. This not only shows how they seek honor but what was valued in their society.
When Xerxes sends heralds to each town for earth and water the perception of this from each Greek
city was that they would become slaves and no longer free

Herodotus: Leonidas And The Spartans
Herodotus Portrays Leonidas and the Spartans as brave and strong throughout the text because
Leonidas is a Greek descent as well as Herodotus himself. In the reading of The History of
Herodotus, one of the first things Herodotus states is Leonidas' ancestors. He states, "Now Leonidas
was the son of Anaxandridas, who was the son of Leo, who was the son of Eurycratidas, who was
the son of Anaxander, who was the son of Eurycrates...who was the son of Hyllus, who was the son
of Hercules. Leonidas had come to be king of Sparta quite unexpectedly(Herodotus 7.204).
Herodotus explains how Leonidas is Greek because he is a descendant of the Greek God Hercules.
This is an important aspect to consider because It is easy for Herodotus to portray Leonidas and the
Spartans as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While Herodotus in theory refers to Persians as the opposite of Xerxes and the Persians, so Leonidas
and the Greeks are viewed as God–Like or Immortals. Later on in the story, Herodotus describes a
man named Demaratus speaking to the Persian king Xerxes, he says, "You are now face to face with
the first kingdom in Greece and with the bravest men"(Herodotus 7.209). This quote explains how
Demaratus tells Xerxes that Leonidas and his men are the bravest people he knows. This claim helps
supports Herodotus idea of portraying the Greeks as stronger then the Persians for it gives another
person's perspective on how strong the Greeks were. Herodotus shows that not only did other people
need to say how strong the Greeks where, you could also see how strong they were on the
battlefield. In the text, Herodotus says,"They would turn their backs in unison as if they were in
flight, where whereupon the enemy would pursue them with much noise and shouting: then the
Spartans, just when the Persian were upon them, would wheel around, face the enemy and inflict
heavy losses on them. Some Spartans also feel, but not may"(Herodotus

Pericles The Politician By Plutarch
Plutarch – "Pericles the Politician" Plutarch was a well–known and respected historian, biographer,
and philosopher. He held a very high status in society. He taught philosophy in Rome for some time
and was granted high office by the royal family. When he returned to his native town in Greece, he
was appointed as the Priest of Apollo. He wrote many philosophical essays as well as biographies of
influential people during the times. This particular document was written by Plutarch as a
biographical text about Pericles' political influence in society during his time as a politician. He
wrote this selection to thoroughly describe how Pericles used his platform to manipulate the people
into giving him the opportunity to gain ultimate power. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pericles shaped his campaigning around pleasing the masses. Thucydides' political strategy was to
get all of his supporters to sit together in the assembly. Unfortunately for him, there were not many
to support him against Pericles. Strategically, Pericles gave nearly all of the political power to the
people. This was the reason he was known as the 'first citizen of democratic Athens by the historian
Thucydides. Purposefully, he was constantly 'beautifying' Athens. As stated by Plutarch, Pericles
"constantly provided public pageants, banquets, and processions in the city, entertaining the people
like children with elegant pleasures." He made sure he kept the public happy. Along with elaborate
public displays, Pericles, expanded territories. According to Plutarch, "he dispatched 1,000 settlers
to the Chersonese, 500 to Naxos, 250 to Andros, 1,000 to Thrace to make their homes with the
Bisaltae, and others to the new colony named Thurii." This expansion allowed the city to rid itself of
'idlers' and 'agitators' and "raise the standards of the poorest classes". In addition to his great political
strategies, one of the main ways that Pericles gained the adornment of Athenians, and also the
greatest criticism from his adversaries was through the building of several temples and public
buildings. His enemies proposed in the Assembly that other Greeks should have been outraged that
the funding

What Is Herodotus?
Herodotus is credited for the initial writing of an Indian plant that produces a fruit that produces
wool, which has a better quality than the wool found on sheep (Hammond 1897). Consequently,
many others confirm the widespread culture of the plant, growing in many parts of the world among
the people of India, China Egypt and Persia. Cotton is seen everyday in many different forms from
the clothes we wear to the cotton swabs we use in our daily hygiene methods. Cotton comes the
Gossypium genus which have 32 wild and cultivated species, however, all the cultivated cottons
used falls under four main species: G. herbaceum L, G. arboretum L, G. barbadense L and G.
hirsutum L (Nicholson 1960). Cotton is characteristically a soft white fiber that ... Show more
There was an increase in slave workers in conjunction with the increase of cotton production, which
successfully transitioned the south into an economy built solely on cotton production, creating a
feudal system (Hammond 1897); upon the outbreak of the Civil War, the South planned on using
cotton as a bargaining chip in an effort to gain help from Great Britain (Dattel 2009). The south
burned approximately two million barrels of cotton in an attempt to create a shortage, however there
was an abundance of cotton at the time and therefore Britain was not appealing to the needs of the
South. After 1862, cotton had become low and the price of cotton escalated from $0.10 to $1.89 per
barrel. Cotton prices helped the south to be financially secured, helping them to acquire ships and
weapons to battle with (Dattel

Herodotus: The Cultural Values Of The Greek And Persian...
The great historian, Herodotus, who is also known as the "father of history," wrote many books on
the Greek culture. Herodotus describes the cultural values of the Greeks in his detailed work, The
Histories. Because the book concentrates on the Greek and Persian wars, he also writes about the
values of the Persians. In his account of the Greek and Persian wars, Herodotus describes the
different values of the Greek culture and the Persian culture in this famous book. From reading this
work of Herodotus, it becomes clear that the values which each of these two cultures held, differed
greatly. In The Histories, Herodotus describes the cultural values of the Greeks. The Greeks had
many differences, but in times of danger, they set aside their ... Show more content on
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For the values of the Greeks, he mentions women, money, alliances, their intelligence, and most
importantly, their freedom. The Greeks treat women more as property than as marital companions.
Money was also valued greatly, for Greece was a poor country. Alliances were almost always used
in battle to strengthen their numbers and intelligence because Greece had a very small army
compared to the Persians. Intelligence was also needed in war for battle strategies, which were
necessary for victory. But the one thing that the Greeks valued greatly was their freedom. They were
willing to defend themselves in any way necessary to preserve their freedom. However, the values
of the Persians were few and were very different from the values of the Greeks. The greatest value
of the Persians was probably land, for they conquered countries and towns in order to expand their
empire. They themselves also valued women as objects, for they would take them as plunder after
conquering towns and camps. The Persians, unlike the Greeks, were very rich, with over three
million, nine hundred and ninety–three thousand Darics. The final value of the Persians that I will
mention is their strength in numbers. The Persian land and naval forces were huge compared to the
Greek military. Herodotus explains the many values of the Greek culture and the Persian culture, as
well as their differences, in his detailed work of writing, The

Research Paper On Herodotus
In this section, Herodotus begins by telling the story of how the slaves of Scythia had formed a new
generation with the Scythian women left behind while the Scythians dominated Asia. Herodotus
writes that upon return, the men went to war with the slaves, but stopped, saying "when they saw us
armed, they naturally felt that they were as good as we are, and were meeting us on equal terms; but
when they see us coming with whips instead, the will remember they are slaves. Once they admit
that, they will never try to stand up to us" (241). This passage reinforces the notion that some people
need or like to be enslaved. Herodotus then describes the land and the people that are to the north
and east, beyond the Tanais bordering Scythia. Herodotus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He writes that three ships full of Amazons, kidnapped by the Greeks near the river Thermodon,
killed their captors and wound up in the territory of the free Scythians. The Amazons were very
peculiar, these women stole some of the Scythians' horses and went off in search of loot. The
Scythians decided not to fight the Amazons, but to try to reproduce with them instead. The Amazons
and some Scythians united and married, but the Amazons would not go to live with the rest of the
Scythians, saying, "We and the women of your nation could never live together...We are riders; our
business is with the bow and the spear" (278). So the Amazons and the Scythians with them
travelled north and east and settled, forming the

Comparing Herodotus And De Vaca's Writing Styles
A Comparison of Styles
Herodotus versus de Vaca Throughout the course of the world, there have been many great
civilizations that have risen and fallen from power. Many of these civilizations are remembered not
only through the texts or works that they themselves produced, but through the writings of later
historians. Herodotus was an example of a later historian, because he wrote about a civilization of
old, de Vaca was a historian of the moment because he covered a civilization as he experienced it.
The contrast in the two styles is plainly evident for the most part in the two literary pieces.
Herodotus has a very distinct style compared to de Vaca and as de Vaca's works came later it can be
assumed that he was partially influenced by Herodotus. The three main areas that Herodotus and de
Vaca's works differ are the time period in which they wrote their pieces, how they regarded their
subject matter, and who they were writing about. As before mentioned, one of the biggest
differences between Herodotus and de Vaca is the time period in which they wrote their pieces.
Herodotus was a later historian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Herodotus was writing his passage mainly on the Egyptian people, but he did have references to his
native people the Greeks. De Vaca mainly covered the Avavares, a tribe in modern day Texas who
existed from 1527–1534 according to most historians. The Avavares were short lived as they were
often conquered by more powerful tribes in their area, where the Egyptians were the ones who were
often doing the conquering in the Middle East. The two subjects themselves could not be more
different as the Egyptians owned slaves and the Avavares ended up as slaves. Because of this
discrepancy, there can be no mistaking who is who in the two passages. Herodotus and de Vaca
come from similar backgrounds, but the backgrounds of their two chosen subjects could not be any
more

Herodotus Sparknotes
Herodotus, consider as the father of history, was born in the ancient Halicarnassus, current Turkey,
and lived between 485 and 425 BC, about 150 years previous to the creation of the Library of
Alexandria. Moreover, due to Persian rule over greece, Herodotus fled to Samos resulting from his
conflicts with the local government and will not return until 450 BC, when he participated part in
the campaign to defeat Lygdamis, to once again leave the city after the completion of the campaign.
Furthermore, Herodotus traveled to Athens at the time of its peak, allowed him to contemplate the
great political and cultural boom of the city. During his stay in Athens, Herodotus met Pericles, and
became friends with both Sophocles and Anaxagoras, focusing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Such direct contact with other cultures, as well their intellectual, and social evolution, obligated
Herodotus to separate himself from the beliefs and visions of the natives.. He described the heritage
and ancient past of the egyptian culture. Continuously, Herodotus specifically focused on the Ionian
belief which expressed, that the Nile delta represented all of egypt. Herodotus challenge this belief
and stated that Egypt already existed before the appearance of the river's delta. expressing that
Egypt, was the country watered by the Nile and its floods, and that the people who live downstream
were egyptian, as the drank and benefited from its waters. Furthermore, the historian acknowledges
antiquity of egyptian men and consider them to the oldest in the world , and question the statement
by expressing a tale of two babies who are fed by a goat. Finally, the author contradict himself when
after questioning the antiquity of egyptian men, by later supporting it when establishing a
relationship between the Green and Egyptian

Ancient Greece : The Iliad And The Odyssey
The history of Ancient Greece is vast and can be traced back all the way to the Neolithic age.
Civilizations rise and fall as centuries pass and some collapse without any information even with
today's technology. Most known information about Greek history originates from writers. Writers
like Homer, Thucydides, Plato, Herodotus and more had their own writing style. Homer's famous
epics are the Iliad and the Odyssey, an experience of godlike warriors fighting during the Trojan War
and a treacherous journey back home. Many of his work were highly influenced by Greek gods
interfering with human life and events. Herodotus's work, History of Herodotus, is composed of
information from different resources to show different people's point of view. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
His depiction of Apollo coming down from the summits of Olympus was a work of fiction as one
truly did not see a Greek god coming down from the sky and shoot arrows for nine days "For nine
whole days he shot his arrows among the people" (Book 1, Paragraph 50). This example shows that
Homer's writing involved Apollo, a Greek god, helping mortals like Khryses whenever they are in
need.
Homer's writing of how Greek gods helping individuals is further proven when Achilles is mad and
wanted to kill the son of Atreus but was prevented by Athena. In the story, it was told that only
Achilles could see Athena and she was there to talk to him. Athena reasoned with Achilles of how
this will affect his future. "Do not draw your sword; rail at him if you will, with words, and your
railing will not be vain, for I tell you–and it shall surely be–that you shall hereafter receive gifts
three times as splendid by reason of this present outrage [hubris]. Hold, therefore, and obey." (Book
1, Paragraph 210) Achilles decided to put down his sword and not kill the son of Atreus. Homer
introduced the Greek goddess Athena into his writing as she was the goddess of wisdom. She
reasoned with Achilles saying that he will receive more gifts in the future if he holds his current
anger and he decides to listen to her. Herodotus's work "The

Pros And Cons Of Cyrus
In the mid–first millennium BCE, numerous groups arose, each with a different set of perspectives,
worldviews, and attitudes: the Israelites, the Phoenicians, Neo–Assyrians, Persians and Greeks, and
so on. For the Jews, they were held captive in Babylon, later returned to Jerusalem by Cyrus, the
King of the Persians. Therefore, according to the first article, Cyrus was welcome within their
society. These people were extremely religious, especially in regards to Marduk, and they all felt the
need to help build their temple in Jerusalem. Everyone wanted to help for their beliefs and God, and
gave gifts, money, and resources. "Even the Greeks, who later defeated the Persians, saw Cyrus as a
model ruler" (textbook 132). Even more so, according to the Persian Customs article, most of the
clans were made by Cyrus, and the rest, nomad tribes, heavily depended on Cyrus' tribes. The
Greeks, meanwhile, had their own opinions on the Persians, seen through Herodotus' words. He
states that the Persians do not see the Gods, as they have no temples, and instead offer sacrifices;
almost as if they enjoy the killings. During this, the Persian sacrificer does not pray to himself, but
to all of the Persians, which illustrates how these people truly cared about their empire, and had
great respect for the King, also sacrificing to the "sun, moon, earth, wind" instead of seeing the God
itself (Persian Customs). The Greeks did not agree with the Persians, and around this time had many
conflicts.

Herodotus Analysis
In the beginning of the book "The Essential Herodotus" the author Herodotus describes the process
through which he crafted his history. Herodotus mentions that he never intended to write a history of
Greece, but rather a historie, consisting of research and investigations that he had conducted
throughout his travels. Herodotus is known as the "father of history"; he was the first person to
begin to create a formal, documented account of the history of Greece. Throughout his travels,
Herodotus acquired new knowledge of geography as well as the belief systems of foreign
civilizations. Herodotus' writing style is unique compared to the other ways historians craft histories.
For example, Herodotus often starts his chapters off with mythology. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
An example of this would be how Herodotus talked about Cyrus' son Cambyses, who would later
conquer Egypt and merge it with the Persian Empire; however interspersed with this are detailed
descriptions of the geography of Egypt. It is likely that Herodotus even mentioned the Egyptian
landscape was to show how impressive Cambyses' army was. Egypt is a mostly desertious region,
with the Nile being the only major source of water. According to Herodotus, the reason Cambyses
and his men were successful in their assault because there had been water jugs placed throughout the
desert to prevent people from dying of dehydration. Overall, I feel that Herodotus crafted his history
the way he did because there wasn't a set guideline on how to write history to begin with. Traveling
to other countries was the only way to completely validate the facts, and certain countries proved to
have different information than what Herodotus had grown up learning. Herodotus makes it a point
to include mythological references to his history to extend his credibility and give this writing a
reliable. Herodotus' inclusion of geographical information served to further support the various
accounts he is

Herodotus Biography
Herodotus an Ancient Greek writer and geographer wrote The Histories, around 425 B.C., which
told of the Greco–Persian Wars. He is considered the first historian and is known as the "father of
history". In 431 B.C. Thucydides, an Athenian historian, wrote History of the Peloponnesian War.
His work accounted the war between Sparta and Athens. Philosophy of History was first offered
during the Medieval period by theologian, St. Augustine. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel,
developed the dialectic in the 1800s. In the 19th century, Leopold von Ranke introduces the
empirical approach to history through the development of seminar method and archival research
methods.
Sociology
The ideas of Plato, Aristotle and Confucius establish Sociology. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Here he established Psychology as a discipline. The first U.S. psychology lab didn't come until
1883, when G. Stanley Hall opened a lab at John Hopkins University. In addition to this, in 1892 he
develops the American Psychological Association (APA) and later founds the American Journal of
Psychology (1887) and Journal of Applied Psychology (1917). William James develops the theory
of Functionalism in the 19th century which focuses on acts and functions of the mind
(consciousness). Sigmund Freud introduces Psychoanalysis in 1896. He concludes that powerful
unconscious drives and conflicts motivate people. People are motivated by powerful, unconscious
drives and conflicts. Also in 1896, Structuralism (focused on the contents of the mind) develops and
is introduced to the U.S. in a 1901 publication by Edward Titchener, Manual of Experimental
Psychology. In the year 1900, Sigmund Freud's theory "The Interpretation of Dreams" is published.
Mary Calkins is the first elected woman president of the APA in 1904. She was however, denied her
Ph.D. after studying at Harvard University due to her gender. Clifford Beers details his personal
experiences as a patient in a mental asylum during the 19th century in his publication A Mind That
Found Itself. Through this publication he called for humane treatment and better education about
mental illness. In 1913, the theory of Behaviorism develops which focuses on observable and
measurable behavior. Psychiatrist, Hans Berger invents the electroencephalogram in 1929 and tests
it on his son. Kurt Koffka develops Principles of Gestalt Psychology in 1935. B.F. Skinner
introduces his theory of Operant Conditioning in 1938. The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Children
(1945) by Anna Freud introduces concepts in the theory and practice of psychoanalysis of children.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) established in 1949. The

Main Aspects of Education: An Argument for Experience,...
Education is one of the most difficult matters in human life, because it involves the society as a
whole and the individual. People have many different ways of learning, and often these methods fall
into what are called, traditional and nontraditional educations. Traditional education is to attend
classes at school where there are teachers and pupils. Nontraditional education may involve
traveling, hands–on experiences, or reading. However, these two types of education are based upon
five components of education: experience, curiosity, mentoring, communication, and commitment.
No matter what we do or where we go, as long as we face new obstacles, we are learning. In
Ryszard Kapuscinski's Travels with Herodotus, Kapuscinski immerses ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Curiosity is what really initiates the cycle of learning. Ryszard Kapuscinski begins Travels with
Herodotus when he is curious about who Herodotus is and his curiosity about what lay across the
border. Kapuscinski's "psychological hunger" for knowledge never stops == he strives to read as
many books as possible and even investigates the curiosity of Algeria the lieutenant left him when
he said that he would like it very much down there (Kapuscinski 9). Iyer demonstrates his curiosity
as he is a Global Soul who sees Japan as one of the most interesting places on the planet. He sees his
home with an eye of curiosity at all times, which is why he never gets tired of living in Japan. Potts
also demonstrates curiosity when he goes on his journey, diverting from the footsteps of Marco
Polo, "liberated from a sober travel–writing mission" (Potts XVI). Kapuscinski's curiosity comes
from a burning desire, like Malcolm X, who wanted to communicate and realized his inabilities due
to a roommate named Bimbi. Malcolm X later claimed, "If I weren't out here every day battling the
white man, I could spend the rest of my life reading, just satisfying my curiosity––because you can
hardly mention anything I'm not curious about." (Malcolm X paragraph 4).
Mentoring is another essential aspect in both

Ancient Empires Political Power Analysis
Philanthropist Walter Annenberg once said, "The greatest power is not money power, but political
power." This can be seen in how ancient empires rose and stayed in power. Before 600 C.E. ancient
empires exerted political power through a variety of methods, including military importance,
creating legal systems, and using punishments.
Ancient empires used military importance, legal systems, and punishments to exert political power.
The use of military importance can be seen in documents 1, and 2. Both of these documents speak of
the pride taken in the achievements of their military and the goods that have been procured because
of their conquest. An example from document 1 is the statement, "Next to prowess in arms, it is
regarded as the greatest proof of manly excellence to be the father of many sons..." and in document
2 it says, "Because of the greatness of our city the fruits of the whole earth flow in upon us; so that
we enjoy the goods of other countries as freely as of our own". The use of legal systems can be seen
in documents 2, 3, 4, and 5. All these documents express laws in place to ensure equality, obedience,
and moral values. Some examples can be seen in document 2, "The law secures equal justice to all
alike in their private disputes..." and document 3, " Strict laws are used by rulers to prevent
disobedience and expel the selfish..." This is effective because it creates order, which causes an
empire to be easier to manage for the ruler, allowing him/her to focus on

When we think of the word "history" we automatically think of the past. History comes from the
Greek word "historia" meaning "inquiring, knowledge thru investigation." This is exactly what
Herodotus did, he wrote what he investigated. This is why Herodotus is known as "The Father of
History", he was the first author to investigate and write his findings. He was thirsty for knowledge
like many of us. He wanted more and he got it. Although he was named "The Father of History" he
was also named "The Father of Lies", I will investigate and find why he was named the two.
Herodotus of Halicarnassus, is best known as "The Father of History". Herodotus was born in 485
B.C, in the town of Halicarnassus located in the Caria, Asia Minor. Herodotus's family was then
exiled to Samos in 6th BC because they opposed Lygdamis. Herodotus was the son of Lyxes and
Dryo but he was not the only one in his family to make it into the history books, Herodotus was
nephew to poet Panyassis. According to the Britannica Encyclopedia, 2014) Panyassis was
condemned to death by Lygdamis. Herodotus only returned to his homeland of Halicarnassus once
to take part in a rebellion only to leave and never return. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to History.com "Herodotus spent his life traveling from one Persian territory to another.
He crossed the Mediterranean to Egypt and traveled through Palestine to Syria and Babylon. He
headed to Macedonia and visited all the islands of the Greek Archipelago: Rhodes, Cyprus, Delos,
Paros, Thasos, Samothrace, Crete, Samos, Cythera and Aegina. He sailed through the Hellespont to
the Black Sea and kept going until he hit the Danube River." (HISTORY.com, 2014) While
Herodotus traveled he started to write what is now known as the book "Histories'. Herodotus wrote
mostly about wars, he particularly wrote about the Greco Persian Wars that lasted between 499 B.C
thru 479

Comparing Justice In Electra And Sophocles '
Sophocles's Electra focuses mainly on the justifications of some actions, Sophocles sees justice as
the most important thing that leads to the actions of others. Herodotus is nearly the exact opposite.
He seems to not see any importance with justice, within The Histories he shows that the most
important thing when writing is showing what caused certain events to happen, as well as evidence
to both sides of the story, allowing the reader to decide what really happened. Although these two
texts and their authors seem to be completely different, they do share similarities. They both try to
decide and show how and why things happened; the causation of events. Sophocles shows justice as
the only cause of all events while Herodotus tries to show all the possibilities and sides of historical
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In today's world, justice is defined simply as "The process or result of using laws to fairly judge and
punish crimes and criminals." However, Sophocles helps to show that justice, in the time of Electra,
is constituted by anything that is deemed as "honorable." At the beginning of the play, Orestes states,
"When I went to the oracle of Apollo, to discover how best to take revenge for my father – revenge
on his killers that is my right and due – here's what Apollo said: 'Place not your trust in an army's
sword or shield. Use cunning. Kill them yourself and justly so'" (4). In making this speech, Orestes
shows how justice, in this case revenging someone's murder, is seen as a very honorable act in this
time period. There are other examples of Sophocles' view of justice within his play. The two main
acts of 'justice' are that Sophocles focus on are: the murder of King Agamemnon, by his wife
Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus, the other, the main focus of the play, the murder of
Clytemnestra and Aegisthus for murdering King Agamemnon. However, can these acts really be
seen as

Compare And Contrast Heroidotus And Herodotus
Are those who do not learn from history truly doomed to repeat it? Many an old adage, as well as
prevalent historical figures – such as Winston Churchill, definitely say so. After all, as the inevitable
progression of time and technology pushes forward, the needs and wants of mankind remain the
same. For the most part, the human mind is a constant variable, and there are invaluable lessons to
be learned from our predecessors – ancients and pioneers alike. The fortunate news is, there exists,
and will continue to be (at least for the near future) a vast collection of historical resources. A new
question is posed however; what defines the potency of a source? In many ways, two ancient
historians named Herodotus and Thucydides helped define and set the ground–work for what
historical writing consists of. Herodotus, being the older of the two, is flatteringly renowned as the
father of history, as he provided the world with its first account of a true historical narrative – The
Histories. Both men lived roughly from the early portion of the 4th Century b.c up until the latter
end of the century, and the purposes of their works agreed in principal, but in principal only. For
instance, Thucydides authored History of the Peloponnesian War, in which he chronicles the friction
between Sparta and Athens. On the other hand, The Histories documents the Greco–Persian wars –
in its own unique way, of course. Certainly, the congruency between these two texts ends with the
fact that they

Conflict Between Xerxes And Herodotus
Amidst the diversity of ideas and concepts that Herodotus develops throughout his History, the
notion that highly different political structures do exist and may eventually clash is a prominent one.
In accord with Herodotus' manner of incidentally placing the essential cores of his arguments and
observations in microcosmic episodes scattered across the body of his narrative, the exchange
between Xerxes and Demaratus in passages 101–105 of Book 7 serves as a gateway into exploring
and discussing the ways in which the Greeks and the Persians differ, both politically and socially.
Through the contrast between the Greeks and the Persians that the conversation depicts, Herodotus
advances his narrative–wide delineation of the disparity between the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, the dialogue is part of a series of implicit and explicit references in the History to the
radically different ways of living and governance that are exhibited by different societies.
Throughout their conversation, Xerxes' and Demaratus' juxtaposing assertions fuel Herodotus'
ongoing discussion of what sets the Greeks and the Persians apart. This contrast, in turn, reveals the
disparity between those governed by the rule of law and those governed by an autocratic emperor. In
the History the Persian monarchy, as the prime example of unity under a centralized authority
figure, is consistently portrayed as resting on principles of fear, subservient conformity, and blind
loyalty. An example of this can be seen when Herodotus notes: "All the rest of the Persians held
their tongues and did not venture to declare a judgment opposite to that which was in discussion"
(7.10). This oft–mentioned inability of the Persians to freely express their opinions and thoughts
without fear of punishment goes into suggesting the foundations of the Persian autocracy. The
"compulsion of lash" that Xerxes proudly favors during the dialogue becomes a potent symbol of
monarchy in History: "...and many of the barbarians fell; for behind their regiments their captains
with whips in their hands flogged on every man of them, pressing them

Herodotus 'Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca'
Egyptians and Indians
(An Analysis of the way the Egyptians lived to the way the Avavares lived)
Herodotus is considered by most to have been the first Greek historian which would make him the
first European historian as well. He wrote many books in his time and History contains Observations
on Egypt. Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca was one of the first Europeans to explore the American
Southwest. He wrote La Relacion that talks mostly of the few months that he spent with the
Avavares. Herodotus talks about the way the Egyptians see different animals, perform different
ceremonies, and De Vaca focuses mainly on the lifestyle of the Avavares.
Herodotus talks a lot about the animals that the Egyptians see as sacred and those that are ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Avavares have a lot to do with religion and they base their lifestyle on the healers of the tribe.
De Vaca prayed a lot and that helped with a lot of what they were doing in the tribe. He managed to
bring one man "back from the dead". From paragraph 4 of Chapter Twenty–two of From La
Relacion, "I removed a mat with which he was covered, and as best I could prayed to Our Lord to
restore his health, as well as that of all the others who might be in need of it, and after having made
the sign of the cross and breathed on him many times they brought his bow and presented it to me,
and a basket of ground tunas, and took me to many others who were suffering from vertigo." This is
one of the many examples of how they really respected their healer of the

Herodotus The Histories
The Histories is a book written by Herodotus during the 5th century BC and is one that is very
useful in the study of history. Herodotus himself was and still called the "Father of History" as it is
believed that he is the first to write down histories. A historian from 400 years after Herodotus,
Dionysius, had stated that Herodotus "chose not to write down the history of a single city or nation,
but to put together many, varied events of Europe and Asia in a single comprehensive work". The
book is useful in the sense that the level of detail present and Herodotus himself included his insight
on the events to give modern historians an idea about the events. These were evident with his
description of Ancient Egypt and his account of the Battle ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Great Pyramids were built by slaves under the rule of Cheops, according to the priests that
Herodotus encountered. Cheops had closed all the temples and used slaves for his own advantage.
Some of the slaves were forced to drag blocks of stones from the Arabian hills to the Nile, where
would then be ferried across and other slaves would come and take over and drag the blocks to the
Libyan hills. As Herodotus had said, "they worked by a hundred thousand men at a time, for each
three months continually". This went on for twenty years. However, modern science proves this to
be impossible or extremely hard to achieve when taking in account the size of the pyramid.
According to Herodotus, the pyramid was "five furlongs in length, sixty feet wide" and "forty–eight
feet high at its highest point". The real size of the pyramid is around 750 feet for the sides and 480
feet high. This measurement differs greatly from Herodotus' and creates suspicion on reliability of
Herodotus' writing and therefore would not be useful in the study of

A Discussion Of Herodotus And Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca
It's a New World
(A discussion of Herodotus, Cabeza de Vaca and their explorations)
When you stumble upon something new, what's your first instinct? Sharing the information with
others, soaking in the sight you're seeing, or even trying to document everything that is in front of
you. The discovery of new land, people, and their way of life is one for the record books. An event
like this will go down in history, and so will the person that did the discovering. This was the case
for Herodotus and Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca. Herodotus was born in Halicarnassus, what today
is known as turkey. He is considered by most to have been the first Greek historian, therefore the
first European historian. He was a great traveler, visiting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
His travels lead him more around different parts of America and not different countries. An article,
titled Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: The Great Pedestrian of North and South America, briefly
describes some of the whereabouts of Cabeza de Vaca as he traveled around America. "All five rafts
eventually wrecked along the coast of Texas... Soon Cabeza de Vaca was traveling into the
southeastern Texas mainland... Cabeza de Vaca and the other castaways decided to escape their
Indian captors and marched south and west hoping to find their Spanish compatriots in central
Mexico," (Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: The Great Pedestrian of North and South America). From
this portion of the article, it is understood that Cabeza de Vaca did traveling, just as Herodotus did.
Both men were also known for their firsts. Cabeza de Vaca was one of the first to visit America and
stay with the tribes that inhabited land. Also one of the first from his country to document what he
had seen while there. Herodotus was also known for his firsts. Scott W. Nixon, in his article,
elaborates on this. "Herodotus, is thought of as the first Greek and thereby the first Western
historian...Those who did archaeological exploration in Egypt and Mesopotamia found Herodotus '
writings on these subjects useful," (Nixon). His first were very important not only for that time but
for people in the future as well. Nixon continues by saying, "His writings also became valuable to
biblical scholars in their

How Cryptography Is Defined As A Major Factor During Wars,...
The "Ignominious Tribe," the worlds "second oldest profession," these are both describing the same
thing, the mysterious profession that lives in the shadows of history. Espionage. Governments fear
it, yet it is always a major factor during wars, and it isn't very well known by the general public.
Men and women throughout history who have fought in secret positions during wars, often placed
into positions of great danger. Why were they willing to risk so much for their countries? Profit?
Honor? Adrenaline? There are many aspects of the art of espionage, from the necessary grunt work
of field agents to the solid determination of cryptologists. Cryptography is defined as the art of
writing and solving codes, a necessary practice for all sides involved in any major battle or power
struggle, an example being World War II, where coding and cipher script were integral parts of the
conflict, main factors of every win or loss. Without cryptography, some estimate that the war would
have lasted at least two years longer than it did, thus proving the necessary function of cryptography.
In the following pages, the reader will learn a brief history of the evolution of cryptography, and
how it was important in such major recent struggles as WWII. This form of espionage has been an
integral part of history.
Espionage has been recognized as an important part of all military affairs since the beginnings of
recorded history. It began with, and still heavily relies upon, the various forms of

Herodotus Essay
Herodotus
As Herodotus develops his History he diverges from the main aspect of his narrative many times
throughout the text. Many wonder why Herodotus diverges from the main point by introducing
minor characters who do not seem relevant to the central theme. Some consider this method of
narrative confusing and pointless but I believe that Herodotus has a purpose for including these
minor figures and that these characters help express Herodotus ideology towards proper moral and
political systems. These minor figures are developed and manipulated by Herodotus in order to
express his ideas and he is able to accomplish this because these characters are flexible in the sense
that the readers (and listeners) do not have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gelon is furious with this request because Athens dishonored him by refusing to help in the past.
Gelon strongly tells Athens "When I begged you to bear a hand with me in the fight against a
barbarian enemy...when I kept urging you to avenge the murder of Dorieus...you did not come help,
either for my sake or to avenge the murder of Dorieus (Gelon 7.158)." Many people would not
question Gelon for not helping the Athenians against the Persian invasion since they have been
dishonored and now are a providence of Persia but he does offer the Athenians help. Herodotus uses
Gelon to show how one should turn the other cheek when Gelon says "But though I have met
dishonor from you, I will not be like you (Gelon 7.158)" and he offers ships and soldiers to the
Athenians.
Herodotus shows that one should fight in battle under any circumstance in different instances
throughout book seven. As Xerxes marches towards Greece he and his army are provided food,
shelter, and money by Pythius. All that Pythius asks for in return for his "generosity" is that is eldest
son does not go to war with Persia and stays to care for him. Xerxes is enrages with this request
because not fighting is not acceptable by anyone not even to the king himself. Xerxes says "Vile
creature, I am myself marching to Greece, and with me are my children, my brothers, my household,
and my friends (Xerxes 7.39)" and he punishes Pythius for even considering his

Geography And Climate : Ancient Egypt
Location, Geography and Climate
Ancient Egypt is known to have been the world's longest lasting civilization due to their unique
climatic and geographic conditions, a stable hierarchical society of government, and a religion that
revolves around death and afterlife. Egypt's glory went on for over four millennia from around 5500
B.C.E. to its conquest by the Greek in 332 B.C.E.
Egypt is located in the northern edge of the Sahara desert, with the river Nile dissecting the land
from the south to the north. Herodotus, a Greek Historian, in the fifth century wrote about his travels
in Egypt where he portrayed the importance of the beautiful Nile as:
" Egypt is the gift of the Nile. (1)"
From the beginning the greatness of Egypt came from the Nile (figure 1). The Nile was an artery of
Egypt that connected the Upper and Lower side of Egypt and also offered them protection from any
outside invasion. The Nile was a paradise for people as its fresh water overflowed its bank yearly
creating a fertile valley. As Egypt is a hot and dry place with very few trees and vegetation, over
time, people started to settle along the borders of the Nile, where they started to develop strong
agricultural communities. Due to the lack of intensity and predictability of the Niles seasons, it
allowed the Egyptians to become successful, as it was cooler and easier to harvest crops. The
Egyptians then began to build canals, terraced fields and ditches to control water and increasing
their crop

Who Is Herodotus's Odyssey?
Precis Herodotus wrote Histories, from this selection Samuel Shirley translated and formed the book
Herodotus on the War for Greek Freedom. Herodotus was a Greek historian that accounts for
significant wars that happened in Greece through the years 560–546 B.C.E. This selection is lively
and enjoyable. This book argues through colorful stories the rise of the Greek empire which I
believe is best stated by Herodotus own words: "Those cities that were formerly great are now
diminished, while those that are no great were once small". Herodotus writings do not simply write
one great war but instead the rise of an empire. Herodotus's purpose is to shine light on the wars that
Greece trailed through in order to give insight on the past trials. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, this section is misguiding because we quickly find ourselves thrown back into time to
discover the reasons as to why Croesus was in the thrown. Throughout this chapter Herodotus uses
myths, folktales and speeches to tell the story. Which much of the story seems unbelievable to the
reader. This is important to create an understanding for the time and to understand the reading
clearer. The growth of Persia is split in to three sections. First discussion of Cyrus and his conquers
of the Assyrians and Medes. The father of Cyrus was warned about Cyrus in a dream and sent the
baby away to be killed. Cyrus was not killed but spared and comes back to live with his parents.
Cyrus goes to war but is defeated by Astyages. Later Cyrus, after keeping Tomyris' son, goes to
battle with the Persians and the Massagates; he is killed and his corpse is abused by the sons' father
Tomyris.
Cambyses Conquers North Africa. Herodotus discusses the proof that Egypt was once underwater.
Proof one: Nile and Red Sea size and nature. Proof two: the rich soil. Proof three: Egyptians used
the flooding for their agriculture. Another theme found through this section is how Egyptian religion
is founded based on Greek religion. Herodotus final argument is by correcting Homer in the location
of Paris and Helen. Herodotus believed that Paris and Helen were in fact in Egypt because if they
were in troy they would not have allowed the

Upanishads Vs Herodotus
The Katha Upanishads from ancient India and the Greek historian Herodotus, both define the belief
of the good life. Although there are similarities between the two perspectives, there are also various
differences between the Upanishads and Herodotus. Firstly, they differ in terms of origin. The
Upanishads are a representation of ancient India and Herodotus originates from Greece. It is noted,
that the Greeks originally settled in Greece due to its abundance of gold and silver. Whereas, Indians
settled in India due to the topography or the terrain of the land. India's soil was fertile and good for
growing many crops. There is already an immediate difference between the two, just based on why
each group decided to settle where they did. Furthermore, this outlines perfectly ... Show more
The Upanishads emphasize that life is full of temptations. More importantly, that these temptations
can be controlled by discovering why they are there to begin with. While the Upanishads use
spirituality to define the good life, Herodotus believes instead that Earthly wealth defines the good
life. Meaning materials wealth, having a faithful wife, being healthy, etc. Additionally, Herodotus
mentions this belief through a series of narratives rather metaphors, that stress the point that a
person's "blessings" should also be a reflection of an individual's heart. However, both Herodotus
and the Upanishads include in their message the afterlife. They differ in a sense that, the Upanishads
link eternity to the Atman, while Herodotus links the fate of an individual to the afterlife. Meaning,
Herodotus expresses that the true revelation of the good life will not be unveiled until an individual
as passed away. To conclude, the two perspectives of the good life are different between the
Upanishads and Herodotus. Yet they are similar in the sense, of mentioning that the afterlife is the
only way to know if you lived a good

Herodotus and Sima Qian: Great Historians Essay
History writing has evolved much over time with the contributions of many people. In the modern
sense, it can be traced back to ancient Greece and China, where historians Herodotus and Sima Qian
began keeping records of human existence. Although they were not literally the first people to write
history, together they are named the first great historians of the Western world and the East because
of their individual innovations and extensive work that has long affected history writing up until this
day. There is much to debate when it comes to the greatness of these ancient historians, and although
some believe they were both important and successful in what their works, The Histories and The
Records of a Historian, accomplished, others ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advancements he made while the act of recording the past was just beginning to flourish were
substantial enough to be considered still effective today. In his work called The Histories, Herodotus
explores a copious amount of topics while keeping not a word impartial and remaining thoroughly
unbiased. His main conflict was centered on the civilizations of the East and the West, a topic that
has been illustrated over and over again by many of his successors. Although in his time technology
was scarce, he took matters into his own hands and began to ask questions of the people at the
places he would write about and unveil their histories, customs, artwork, and buildings.
Herodotus marked a new way of recording and interpreting history: conducting research. He
recorded what he saw, heard, and experienced as he traveled around places like the Mediterranean
Sea, the Black Sea, and as far up as Babylon. He went on expeditions and encountered much of his
information through in person exchange, an accomplishment surely to be considered great. Martin
believes Herodotus explored an extensive amount of history and peoples and showcased a spectrum
of topics like "war, politics, religion, commerce, geography, climate, ethnography, and individual
human motivations" (Martin 7). In his writings called The Histories, Herodotus begins with The
Story of Croesus and

The Literary Analysis Of The Herodotus Of Halicarnassus

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