10. Activated Carbon:
Extremely porous with a very large
surface area.
Surface resembles a sponge.
Area allows more electrons to be
stored than other conductors.
Activated Carbon
( Activated Charcoal )
11. Carbon Aerogel
Aerogel is a low-density solid derived from gel that
has had the liquid component replaced with a gas.
Composed of
nanometer sized
particles covalently
bonded together
High porosity
(>50% under 100
nm)
Large surface area
(400–1000 m²/g)
14. Applications of Super Capacitor
Consumer Electronics
•
•
•
•
•
Mobile phones, PDAs
Digital Video & Still Cameras
Solid state drives
e-Book readers & tablet PCs
MP3 players & speakers
Industrial Electronics
•
•
•
•
•
•
Portable POS, PDAs & PCs
Location trackers & RFID tags
Condition monitoring & AMR
Secure radios & security systems
Electronic locks
Electronic Toys
Medical Applications
•
•
•
Military Applications
•
•
Security Equipment’s , Arms , Missiles
Submarines, Nuclear Reactors
Green Solution for Automotive
•
•
•
Stop-Start (warm cranking); Cold cranking;
Regenerative braking & Distributed power
support in all vehicles, Railways, etc
Electric Power steering
Drive-train support in HEV, Electric Vehicles,
Fuel Cell Vehicles & Electric Bikes
Other Green Solutions
•
Non-life-support applications
Pump or solenoid activation for drug
•
delivery
•
Heating wire to vaporise a drug for
inhalation
Energy harvesting systems: Solar, Vibration;
Wind, Thermal, RF
Smart grid & grid storage
Fuel cell support
15. Examples of Super Capacitor Capabilities
……in Mobile LED Flash for Camera
16. Examples of Super Capacitor Capabilities
……Cranking of TATA Safari
Above photographs are of TATA Safari trial, with Super Capacitor used in-place of Battery
17. Examples of Super Capacitor Capabilities
The CSIRO in Australia
[national science
agency] has developed
the UltraBattery, which
combines a super
capacitor and a lead
acid battery in a single
unit
4x longer life cycle,
50% more power, 70%
cheaper than batteries
used in HEV’s
Hybrid Electric Vehicle
18. Regenerative Braking Example
1,000kg car travelling at 50 km/h and stopping in 10 secs.
1. Kinetic Energy of the vehicle = 96.45kJoules
This is the maximum amount of energy that can be recovered during
regenerative braking at 100% efficiency
2. Average Power generated during braking = 9.64 kWatts
3. At 14V Charging Voltage, Charging Current = 689 Amps
• This charging current is too large for a battery to accept, but
not for a super capacitor