New York City began as a Dutch trading post in the 1600s and grew as a British port city. The construction of the New York City subway in 1904 connected the boroughs and accelerated the city's growth. A 1911 factory fire led to improved safety regulations. Central Park was created in 1858 and helped define Manhattan's development with open green space amid dense architecture. The grid street pattern and skyscrapers now define New York City's landscape and culture.

1. History & Evolution of Cities
___ A Case of New York

2. Content
1 History
2 Geography
3 Demographics
4 Landmarks and Architecture
5 Central park
6 Street Pattern
7 City Scape
8 Culture
9 Infrastructure
10 Inferences

3. New York City located on the bank
of rivers Harlem and Hudson, is
composed of five boroughs viz.
Manhattan, Queens, Bronx, Brooklyn,
Staten Island.
The area of the City is around 786
Sq. Kms.
New York City map

4. 1 History
• New York was established - by its colonial charter of 1664.
• New York City grew - as a trading port while under British Rule.
• There were many tension between the original Dutch settlements in the
Hudson and Mohawk valleys, and the English who were rapidly arriving
in Eastern New York.
• In 1710 - Queen Anne's government had arranged the transport.
• In 1723 - the first 100 heads of German families were allowed to
acquire Land.
• In 1779 - Major General John Sullivan was sent to beat the Iroquois.
• After the war, many moved to Canada. Most, absent or present, lost their
land after the war.

5. • Manhattan was at the heart of the New York movement.
• Manhattan was greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during
the British military rule that followed.
• New York grew as an economic center.
• In 1858 – Central Park, which opened to the public, became the first
landscaped park in an American city and the nation's first public park.
• In 1874 – The western portion of the present Bronx County was
transferred to New York County.
• In 1898 – The City of Greater New York formed, with Manhattan and the
Bronx, though still one county, established as two separate boroughs.
• In 1904 – The Construction of the New York City Subway, helped bind the
new city together.
• On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Greenwich
Village killed 146 garment workers.
• In 1925 – New York City became the most populous city in the world,
overtaking London, which had rule for a century.

6. 2 Geography
• New York, located on the Atlantic Coastal Plain at the mouth of the
Hudson River.
• City made up mostly of islands. The city's five area, only the Bronx is
adjoining to upstate New York.
• The larger metropolitan area takes in Long Island, northern New
Jersey, and southwestern Connecticut.
• The Hudson River flows through the
Hudson Valley onto New York Bay.
• New York City's total area is 468.9
square miles (1,214 km2).
• 164.1 square miles (425 km2) of this is water
and 304.8 square miles (789 km2) is land.

7. 2.1 Climate
• Manhattan has a humid subtropical climate.
• Summers are typically hot and humid with average high temperatures of
26 – 29 °C and lows of 17 – 21 °C, however temperatures exceed 32 °C on average
of 16 – 19 days each summer and can exceed 38 °C every 4–6 years.
• New York City receives 49.7 inches (1,260 mm) of precipitation
annually, which is fairly spread throughout the year.

8. 2.2 Adjacent Country
• New York City is composed of five boroughs.
• Each borough is co-extensive with a respective county of New York State
as shown below.
• If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn,
Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities
in the United States.
The five boroughs:
1.Manhattan, 2.Brooklyn,
3.Queens, 4.The Bronx,
5.Staten Island

9. 3 Demographics
• Manhattan is one of the highest-income places in the United States with
population greater than one million.
• The New York City Department of City Planning projects that Manhattan's
population will grow by 18.8% between 2000 and 2030 over the period.

10. 4 Landmarks and Architecture
• The skyscraper, which has shaped Manhattan's distinctive skyline, has
been closely associated with New York City's identity since the end of the 19th
century.
• As of August 2008, New York City has 5,538 high rise buildings, with
50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m).
• New York has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles.
• The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setback in new buildings, and
restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the
streets below.
• The character of New York's large residential districts is defined by the
elegant brownstone row houses, townhouses, and shabby tenements
that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.
• Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the
construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great
Fire of 1835.
• Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying
areas.

11. 5 Central Park
• Central Park is a 843 acres (3.41 km2; 1.317 sq mi) public, urban park in the
Borough of Manhattan, in New York City.
• It is similar in size to San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Chicago's
Lincoln Park.
• Central Park is the most visited city park in the United States and its
appearance in many movies and television shows has made it famous.
• The park is maintained by the Central Park Conservancy, a private, not-
for-profit organization that manages the park under a contract with
the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation.
• The park was designed by landscape architect Frederick Law and
architect Calvert Vaux.

12. 6 Street Pattern
• Many of the earliest cities in the United States, such as Boston, did not
start with a grid system.
• Even in the pre-revolutionary days some cities saw the benefits of such a
layout.
• New Haven, one of the first colonies in America, was designed with a tiny 9-
square grid at its founding in 1638.
• Some of the streets in a grid are numbered (First, Second, etc.),
lettered, or arranged in alphabetical order.
• The westward development of the United States,
the use of the grid plan.

13. 7 City Scape
From upper left:
Manhattan south of Rockefeller
Center,
the Brooklyn Bridge,
United Nations Headquarters,
the Statue of Liberty,
Times Square

14. 8 Culture
• Times Square is the center of the city's theater borough.
• Manhattan has been the scene of many important American cultural
movements.
• New York City are mapping the cultural events of the city and calling it
the "Geography of Buzz" to help direct new economic development. This
concept stresses the relationship between the creative class and urban
growth.

15. 9 Infrastructure
• The New York City Subway, the largest subway system in the world by
track mileage and the largest by number of stations, is the primary
means of travel within the city, linking every borough.
• Manhattan is unique in the United States of America for intense use of
public transportation and lack of private car ownership.
While 88% of Americans nationwide drive to their jobs and only 5% use
public transportation.
Mass transit is the dominant form of travel for residents of Manhattan, with 72% of
borough residents using public transportation and only 18% driving to work.
According to the United States Census, 2000, more than 75% of Manhattan households
do not own a car.

16. 10 Inferences
• Referring to the history of New York City, affecting its development, in brief, it is
observed that in 1904, when subways are constructed, connectivity was
established and boroughs like Queens became easily accessible. This is the
point from where the growth of the city was accelerated.
• In 1911, a fire took place in the factory of Green which Village, and 146
garment workers died. This was the event, which made the administrators of the
city to think on improving the fire department, building codes and
workplace regulations. This brought revolution in the administrative
policies.
• In 1920, city faced a problem of accommodating a great migration
from South side and Harlem and in 1925, the city was declared as highest
populated city in the world, which played an important role in the
development of the New York City.
• In 1930, the construction of Sky-scrappers started and the great
change in the development took place.

17. • New York City's Skyscrapers became identity of the city or we can say the
skyline created by these tall structures gave different characteristic to
the city. Empire State building, Chrysler building and Art deco like skyscrapers
were identified as landmarks and presented a distinctive characteristic of
marvelous Skyline to the New York City.
• A large open space of Central Park at Manhattan has been National
Historic Landmark that came in existence as a result of fulfilling the
requirement of residents of Manhattan to get away from the noise and
chaotic life in the city. It is observed that after the development of Central Park,
the city's characteristic has been significantly changed. The city now has a void
in the center of vertical mass of skyscrapers.
• Street Pattern here is a regular grid pattern without distinction of even
Primary and secondary roads. Also, with extremely uniform architecture,
directions are given by street numbers and points of the compass. An unusual
discovery concerns very long streets in small town.