This is the lesson of Senior High School.

2. Two types of Literature
• Oral Literature
• Written Literature

4. • The literature of a formative past by the
various groups of people who inhabited the
archipelago
• A literature of varying human interest
• Close to the religious and political
organizations of the ancient Filipinos
• The verses were addressed to the ears rather
than the eyes

5. Types of Written Literature
• Proverbs/salawikain/sawikain
• Chants
• Songs
• Folktales
• Fable
• Epic
• Legend
• Myth

6. Examples of Ancient Filipino Poetry
Dalawang Balon
Hindi Malingon
Sa araw ay Bunbong
Sa gabi ay dahon

7. Sang dalagang marikit
Nakaupo sa tinik
Kung bayaa’y nabubuhay
Kung himasi’y namamatay

8. Riddle (bugtong)
• Made up of one or more measured lines with
rhymes and may consist of 4 to 12 syllables
• Showcase the Filipino wit, literary talent, and
keen observation of the surroundings
• Involves reference to one or two images that
symbolize the characteristics of an unknown
object that is to be guessed

9. Purpose of Bugtong
• To entertain. living in remote areas, before the advent of
electricity, families would sit around the fire and the elders
would quiz the younger generation with riddles.
• To educate. riddles serve the function of passing down
knowledge from one generation to the next. They require
thinking in order to solve them.
• To titillate. many old Filipino riddles contain double
entendres that were intended to amuse the men and shock
the women.
• To curse, without expressly cursing. a riddle could be made
up against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
• To preserve the culture. riddles communicate the old ways
from one generation to the next.

10. Example
• Ate mo, ate ko, Ate ng lahat ng tao.(My sister,
your sister, everyone's sister)
• Atis (Sugar Apple)

11. Salawikain & Sawikain
• Epigrams/maxims/proverbs
• Short poems that have been customarily been
used and served as laws or rules on good
behavior by our ancestors
• Allegories or parables that impart lessons for the
young
• Often expressing a single idea, that is usually
satirical and had a witty ending
• Maxims- rhyming couplets (5,6,8 syllables)

12. • Example of salawikain
– Ang matapat na kaibigan, tunay na maaasahan. - -
-You will know a true friend in time of need.

13. • Example of Sawikain
– kumukulo ang dugo
"blood is boiling" = is very angry
– isulat sa tubig
"write on water" = forget about it
Ex of Maxims
– Pag hindi ukol,
Hindi bubukol.
-means
What is not intended for one will not bear fruit.

14. BULONG (chants)
• Used in witchcraft or enchantments
• Sa hinaba-haba ng prusisyon
Sa simbahan din pala ang tuloy
Hele hele
Bago kyeme
Halimbawa (for example):
Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong
Makikiraan po lamang.

15. Kasabihan (sayings)
• Used in teasing or to comment on a persons’
acutations
– “Catitibay ca tolos
Sacaling datnang agos
Aco’ I momonting lomot
Sa iyo’ I popolopot”
• Nag-almusal mag-isa
Kaning lamig, tinapa;
Nahulog ang kutsara
Ikaw na sana, sinta

16. Ambahan
• usually chanted
• teaches lessons about life
• recited by parents to educate their children,
by the youth to express their love, by the old
to impart experiences, or by the community in
tribal ceremonies
• on some occasions like burial rites, the
ambahan is used for entertainment

17. Myths
• derived from Philippine folk literature, which is
the traditional oral literature of the Filipino
people. This refers to a wide range of material
due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines
• There are many different creation myths in
Philippine mythology, originating from various
ethnic groups.
– Story of Bathala
– Visayan version
– The legend of Maria Makiling

18. • Presence of different deities
– Ex. Bathala
• Lakambakod
• Mythical creatures
– Aswang
– Dila
– Diwata
– Dwende
– Tikbalang
– Mankukulam

19. Ancient Metrical Tales
• Ifugao – Hudhud hi Aliguyon
• Ilocos – Biagni Lam-ang
• Bicol - Ibalon
• Mindanao – Darangan
• Panay – Hinilawod
• Bagobo - Tuwaang
• Kalinga – Ulaliim
• Manobo – Agyu or Olahing
• Subanon - Sandayo

20. Ancient Metrical Tales
• Aliguyon
– the exploits of Aliguyon as he battles his arch-enemy, Pambukhayon
• Biagni Lam-Ang
– tells of the adventuresvof Lam-Ang who exhibits extraordinary powers
at a very early age.
• Ibalon
– the story of three Bicol heroes: Baltog, Handiong, Bantiong
• Hinilawod
– oldest and longest epic poem in Panay
– the exploits of three Sulodnon demigod brothers, LabawDonggon,
Humadapnon and Dumalapdap of ancient Panay

21. IBALON FESTIVAL
Hinilawod

22. Folk Songs
• a form of folk lyric which expresses the
people’s hopes, aspirations, and lifestyles
• traditional songs and melodies
• inspired by the reaction of the people to their
environment

23. • uyayi – lullaby
• komintang – war song
• kundiman – melancholic love song
• harana – serenade
• tagay – drinking song
• mambayu – Kalinga rice-pounding song
• subli – dance-ritual song of courtship /marriage
• Tagulaylay- songs of the dead

24. Characteristics of Phil. Literature
during Pre-colonial period:
• Oral tradition
• Crude of ideology & phraseology
• Expresses hopes & aspirations
• It explains how the world created
• Cultured

25. Philippine Literature Under
Spanish Colonial

26. • Spanish colonization in
the Philippines started in
1565 during the time of
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi,
the first Spanish governor-
general in the Philippines.
• Literature started to flourish during his time.

27. • The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for
more than three centuries.
• The Spanish colonizers wanted to undermine
the native oral tradition by substituting for it
the story of the Passion of Christ. However,
the native tradition survived and even
flourished in areas inaccessible to the
Spaniards.

28. • The church authorities adopted a policy of
spreading the Church doctrines by
communicating to the natives in their own
language.
– Doctrina Christiana (1593),
the first book to be printed in
the Philippines, was a prayerbook
written in Spanish with an
accompanying Tagalog
translation.

29. • The task of translating religious instructional
materials forced the Spanish missionaries to
employ natives as translators.
• Eventually, these natives learned to read and
write both in Spanish and in their native
tongue.
Ladinos- bilingual natives
- They published their works, mainly
devotional poetry, in the first decade of the 17th
century.

30. • Gaspar Aquino de Belen
-Filipino poet and Pilipino translator
-famous critic
-famous poet and translator in 17th century
- he wrote the Mahal na Pasion
ni Jesu Christo, a Tagalog poem
based on Christ's passion,
was published in 1704.

31. • In the 18th century, secular literature from
Spain in the form of medieval ballads inspired
the native poetic-drama form called
the komedya, later to be called moro-
moro because these often dealt with the
theme of Christians triumphing over Muslims.

33. Pedro Alejandro Paterno
Name: Pedro Alejandro Paterno De Vera Ignacio
• He wrote the first Filipino novel in 1885 and
published on 1908.
• Written as a response to the accusation that
Filipinos possessed no distinct culture , Ninay was
written in the tradition of costumbrismo , a
movement in Spanish literature in the 19th century.

34. • The first Filipino novel was "Ninay," written in
Spanish by Pedro Paterno.

35. Prominent figures during Spanish
Colonial Period
Fransisco Balagtas Baltazaar also known
as Francisco Balagtas(1788-1862)
• the acknowledged master
of traditional Tagalog poetry.
• Known as “Prince of Filipino
Poet”
• He is the Father of Balagtasan

36. • His narrative poem,
"Florante at Laura“,
written in sublime Tagalog,
is about tyranny in Albanya,
but it is also perceived to
be about the tyranny in his
Filipino homeland.

37. Jose Rizal (1861-1896),
Name:Jose Propetacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Birthdate:June 19, 1861
Political Party:La Liga Filipina, Katipunan
-ang dakilang manunulat
-he is the “Philippine National
Hero”

38. • Rizal's two novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and its
sequel, "El Filibusterismo“, chronicle the life
and ultimate death of Ibarra, a Filipino
educated in abroad, who attempts to reform
his country through education.

39. • Inspired by Rizal and his two novels were
Andres Bonifacio (1863-1897) and his closest
aide, Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899). Both were
writers and social critics who were profoundly
influenced by the liberal ideas of the French
enlightenment.

40. 11 Facts of Andres Bonifacio
1. Emilio Aguinaldo was the one who killed
Andres Bonifacio.
2. Bonifacio was hacked to death with a bolo.
3. He made his first declaration of
independence inside a cave.
4. Bonifacio is a theater actor.
5. Bonifacio’s “SOKA” (State of the Katipunan
Address)

41. 6.Bonifacio was a middle-class Filipino.
7.Bonifacio was self-educated.
8.His favorite food is “nilitsong sa zaha”.
9.He has only one existing photograph.
10.Bonifacio once dressed as a woman.
11.He fought with a revolver, not a bolo.

42. Leona Florentino
• was a Filipino poet in the
Spanish and Ilocano languages.
She is considered as the
"mother of Philippine
women's literature“.
• she married in the age of 14
• her husband is Ellias De los Reyes
• became the foremost
Ilocano writer of her time.
• her family left her because of
feminist writings

43. Some of her works:
• Blasted hopes
• Nalpay a Namnama
• Naangaw a cablaw
• Leon XIII

44. Pre-colonial play during Spanish
colonial time
• Cenakulo
• Salubong (sugat)
• Panunuluyan
• Zarzuela
• Tibag
• Lagaylay
• Carillo
• Moro moro
• Scienite
• Karagatan
• Duplo
• Balagtasan
• Awit
• Korido
• Dung-aw

45. Pre colonial folksong during Spanish
colonial time
• Leron leron sinta
• Pamulinawen
• Dandansoy
• Sarung banggi
• Atin cu pung singsing

46. •WAKAS
Made bY:
REZEILL JUMAO-AS
ARTCHEL TIPONTIPON
AILYN ASINGUA
REGINE HUYO-A