10. Words
Ideas
Images
Sounds
Research results
Data
Formulae
Code
(MacDonald 7-8)
(Borska)
11.
12. General
Richmond is the capital
of Virginia
Olaudah Equiano was
an abolitionist
Contextual
Varies with audience
and topic
If in doubt, ask teacher
(Schwab)
14. Preferred style for history
Examples in A Student’s Guide to History
Two-part system
Bibliography
Footnotes OR endnotes (not both in same paper!)
15. List of all sources used in paper
Alphabetize entries by word that begins citation
Most parts of citation are separated by periods
Leave first line of citation flush with left margin and
indent any SUBSEQUENT lines by fives spaces
Single-space entries, double-space between them.
Teacher may require grouping entries in categories
Common for annotated bibliographies
Alphabetize entries within each group separately
16. Number entries consecutively
Number should be appear in-text as superscript
Place footnote at bottom of same page as the in-
text reference to which it is connected
Most parts of a citation are separated by commas
Indent FIRST line of citation five spaces and leave
subsequent lines flush with left margin
Single-space entries
In Word 2007, use the menu under References
17. Bibliographic entry
Amery, Hussein A. “Water Wars in the Middle East:
A Looming Threat.” Geographical Journal 168
(2002): 313-323. http://www.jstor.org/
stable/3451474 (accessed December 15, 2009).
Footnote
1. Hussein A. Amery, “Water Wars in the Middle
East: A Looming Threat,” Geographical Journal
168 (2002): 313-323. http://www.jstor.org/
stable/3451474.
18. Noodle Tools uses Turabian’s A Manual for
Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and
Dissertations (7th ed.) as its primary guide
Same as Chicago Manuscript of Style, 15th ed.
with slight modifications for students
19. Name, Writer’s. What S/he Wrote. Where
Published: By Whom, When.
Some works may also have:
Subtitle (following :)
Volume number or s.v.
edited by Editor’s name
ed. Edition
20. Name, Writer’s. What S/he Wrote. Where
Published: By Whom, When. http://webaddress
(accessed date).
21. Name, Writer’s. “What S/he Wrote.” When First
Published. In Title of Collection in which it was
Republished, edited by Who Put Collection
Together, Page numbers. Edition. Where
Collection Published: By Whom, When.
22. Name, Writer’s. “Title of Article S/he Wrote.”
Journal Title volume#, no. issue# (When
Published): Page-range. http://webaddress
(accessed date).
Issue number – only include for
journals that start each issue with p. 1.
(When published) – add month or
season to year for journals that start
each issue with p. 1 but do not assign
issue numbers.
23.
24.
25. Title: Subtitle; Second Subtitle
Leave out The if first word of journal title
Enter Edition number as 3rd not third
Publisher – omit The and business abbreviations
like Corp., Co., Inc., Ltd.
Publication City – cite first one listed: for lesser
known cities, follow with , state abbreviation.
Publication Date – cite most recent year
26. s.v. = sub verbo or by the word
Found in citations for encyclopedias in which
entries are organized alphabetically
Ibid. = in the same place
Found in footnotes and endnotes
27. Second note (not consecutive) for Amery
2. Amery, “Water Wars,” 315.
Consecutive reference to article by Amery
2. Ibid., 317.
