Knight’S Poem, Hard Rock Returns To Prison From The...

Knight’s Poem, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the...
Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane is a poem by Knight,
Etheridge. The poem is centered on a heroic character named Hard Rock. Knight's poem is an
allegory of oral tradition. The author depicts Hard Rock as a legend to all inmates, as his exploits are
well known among the inmates. Because of his defiance, Hard Rock is sent to a Hospital for the
Criminal Insane. When he comes back, Hard Rock has been lobotomized and changed into a
different man. He is not the strong prisoner the other inmates have heard of, he is a shell of what he
used to be with no sight. The poem is just about a hero falling after a lobotomy procedure. The
authorities used lobotomy to tame Hard Rock's rebellion and this was not right. ... Show more
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Knight's poem Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane offers a
glance of a panopticist disciplinary regime in an American Prison. The author shows how inmates
internalize a mode of surveillance of watching their folklore hero Hard Rock, and making
assumptions of their condition basing on his actions and behavior. In the beginning, the author
writes, "Hard Rock was known not to take no shit from nobody" (Knight line1–2). The inmates had
heard of Hard Rock through word of mouth and they say that they are waiting to witness if the word
is true. According to the word, they found in prison, Hard Rock could not be tamed, and they waited
to associate with his character. Nevertheless, the word changes because, when he returns from the
"Hospital for the Criminal Insane," Hard Rock is not what the inmates had been told. He is a
hopeless man subject to lobotomy as a punishment of defiance. Hard Rock had no eyes, and was
powerless and as the prisoners watched him, they felt hopeless. Knight writes that, Hard Rock was
disposed of his power after being deprived of his eyesight and reduced to nothing through the
labotomy process and instead of being a hero as before; he was made into an object of pity by the
inmates. The inmates were crushed after what they saw what Hard Rock had been reduced to.
Knight Writes that, the inmate turned away their "eyes on the ground, Crushed" ( Stanza 5, line
4).Their hero was now
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Being Born And Raised By The Monumental Architecture...
As I arrived to TALA, I was instantly impressed by the monumental architecture before me. The
symmetry of the building was elegant and well complimented by its weathered look. It is difficult to
imagined that this very building had once housed the mentally ill. I have never seen such a facility
before and thus expected something less remarkable. As I stood admiring the building, I noticed the
multitude of windows it contained. Upon further examination, I saw bars surrounding them and
suddenly realized that the illusion of paradise was in reality a prison for those who dwelled here. I
was surprised to learn how many people were actually housed in this building. I was equally
shocked to discovered what passed as mentally insane during the 19th century. The criteria used to
determine mental problems were nonexistent and arbitrary. I was extremely concerned when the tour
guide mentioned kids being born and raised in TALA. It was also distressing to learn that people
who didn't quality as having mental problems were also placed into such a facility. I was further
surprised to learn that the community had openly embraced TALA as part of their home to the extent
that a high school prom was held inside the building. This helped me to recognize that TALA was
more than just an insane asylum, it was truly home to those living inside and outside of the building.
As I progressed through the tour, I discovered that I was unaware of the many practices of insane
asylums, especially the

One Who Flew Over The Cuckoo 's Nest And Shutter Island
In both films, One Who Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest and Shutter Island, lobotomies are used as the
last resort in attempts to heal both of the main characters' mental instability – Randle McMurphy
played by Jack Nicholson and Teddy Daniels played by Leonardo DiCaprio. The only difference is
that McMurphy is forced to undergo a lobotomy and the mental institution never asked for his
permission, while Daniels voluntarily agreed to a lobotomy. A lobotomy is neurosurgical operation
in which a blade is inserted into the brain to separate and cut certain nerve fibers in the frontal lobes
of the brain. Because of the nature of interfering and severing important nerves in the brain, patients
who undergo such drastic surgery never have the same control over their body again, as seen with
McMurphy's character when he lays lifeless on his bed. Therefore, there are moral and ethical
considerations regarding lobotomies. In the 1930's when lobotomies were first introduced, one of
the main U.S. supporters of this procedure, neurologist Walter F. Freeman travelled throughout the
world to advertise the positive effects of this new procedure. He even cited a study where thirteen of
twenty patients' conditions supposedly improved after their lobotomies (Lerner 1). There was
opposition from other neurologists as they saw the after–effects of the lobotomy performed on one
of the Kennedy children – Rosemary Kennedy (Goldberg 1). After the surgery, she was not able to
coherently articulate herself

The Role Of Mental Health
Mental health has become a pervasive topic in society. According to Mary Jo Thomas, mental health
is defined as a "state of successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities,
fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity"
(Thomas). In essence, Thomas describes how the role of mental health and stability supports daily
life. One in five adults have a mental health condition, which equates to forty million Americans
affected by disorders, ranging from mild to severe (State of Mental). Currently, there is no one cure
for treating mental illness; however, there are many different forms of treatment available
(Psychiatry Admits It). Over 64.8% of mental health patients receive treatment treatment over time,
but the treatment remains delayed and inadequate (Mental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
At the time, Lobotomies were known as popular "cure" for mental illness. Doctor Lerner, a medical
historian and professor at NYU Langone Medical Center said, "The behaviors [doctors] were trying
to fix, they thought, were set down in neurological connections. The idea was, if you could damage
those connections, you could stop the bad behaviors" (Lewis). Although some people believed
Doctors Freeman and Moniz, front runners in the lobotomy procedure, methods were barbaric,
others were intrigued by the idea that the frontal lobe and the rest of the brain could be separated,
resulting in schizophrenic people, relieved of their emotional distress (Newt). Lobotomies were
thought to treat the conditions of: mood disorders, schizophrenia, depression, mood fluctuations,
violence to self or others, hallucinations, importunate actions, and self– mutilation (Ögren). Looked
at as a "cure all" for severe cognitive disorders, lobotomies represented an unverified procedure for
patients; only after a lobotomy did the doctors know the success

Essay On Lobotomy
What if some people didn't have some emotions or feelings. They probably wouldn't be able to tell
because they mentally would not be able to experience that emotion or feeling. Frontal lobe
lobotomy is a controversial medical procedure in which surgeons scrape off the frontal lobe of your
brain which controls your emotions, feelings, and other crucial body functions. This procedure has
very little uses and is often criticized for playing God. Frontal Lobe Lobotomy should be banned
due to its low full recovery rate, long term effects, and its illegitimate medical history Lobotomy
patients have a low success rate after the procedure. According to a somewhat biased author Heidi
Stevenson, "Their 'Success Rates' are dismal, at best the success ... Show more content on
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The main reason is that people were desperate for treatments for serious mental illness" (The only
reason why lobotomy was done was because of the need to treat the mentally ill in the past.
Although, if lobotomy wasn't done psycho surgeons would not have the knowledge on the brain that
they have now. In the "Oxford Companion to the Body" it states that "In addition, it also became
evident that it [lobotomy] altered the behaviour and personality of patients, and this gradually
limited its use, which further declined in the 1960s because of the development of pharmacological
means of treating mental illness." This just helps states that it was only used just because of the
primitive knowledge of medicines and procedures. It also helps show that in history, doctors were
just throwing ideas and experiments around to cure different diseases or illnesses. The "Oxford
Companion to the Body" also states that "Psychosurgery, has been criticized because it has
developed empirically more than on rational grounds, and because of a lack of 'scientific' evidence
supporting its purported therapeutic efficacy." This quote shows that there was no real proof to show
that frontal lobotomy even worked. To put it put into perspective, it was like they took a wild, crazy
person, did the procedure, and saw that

Foucault's Three Stages Of Mind Control
Mind control is the most important purpose to controllers because once mind control completed, the
power of control becomes so great that it not necessary to need violence and tight monitor. Foucault
writes about the whole prison system in detail in Discipline and Punish. He divided the whole
system into three stages, "the monarchial punishment, the reformer's punishment and the modern
punishment. The first one focus on the punishment of the body, which is the feels the pain of the
body; the second centers on the effects of the pain; the their stresses mind or spirit punishment"
(Foucault 12). It is clear that the spirit punishment is most cruel way to control patients because the
patients will lose their minds and they do not know how to think. ... Show more content on
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The Electroshock Therapy (ECT) and Lobotomy are also serious treatments used to punish who do
not obey the Big Nurse's order. The concept of ECT is that electricity passes through patient's brain
in order to make him feel the pain and to threat other patients in hospital. According to Mayo Clinic,
"ECT often works when other treatments are unsuccessful [...] leading to memory loss, fractured
bones and other serious side effects"(Mayo Clinic). An Acute named Ellis become paralyzed after
receiving ECT, just because he wants to have his own activity. He is diagnosed as a psychopath by
the Big Nurse and needs a treatment immediately. His whole body disabled and his brain is not clear
so that he cannot speak and do not have any feeling at all. The Chief Bromden is another victim of
ECT. He receives more than two hundred ECT, which damages his brain and his body. Harding
describes ECT humorously that, "it is quite simple, quick and nearly painless [...] Those fortunate
souls in there are being given a free trip to the moon"(Kesey 107). However, the results of ECT are
more than that. The serious effects are too serious because it damages the

Lobotomy Video Analysis
After watching the videos on lobotomy and the treatment of those with mental illnesses and after
reading chapter 1, I definitely have some mixed reactions. First, I thought the videos were very
fascinating but also very hard to watch and very disheartening. It's amazing to see how the treatment
of those suffering from mental illnesses has improved in recent years, but it's also unbelievable that
some treatments were ever used. I am not a doctor and do not have any medical training, but it's
hard to believe that making people have seizures and go into a coma was a beneficial way to treat
mental illnesses. It's also hard to wrap my mind around the fact that someone would ever
intentionally put something into someone's brain to lessen the brain's

Documentary Analysis: The Lobotomist
After watching the documentary The Lobotomist, I was astounded by how Dr. Walter J. Freeman
descending from wanting to help patients with transorbital lobotomies, what he believed to be a
miracle cure, to insisting that a lobotomy was the way to go when a child became unruly and
disrespectful. Given the treatment available during the 1930's and 40's, I don't believe a lobotomy
would ever be justified. From a moral standpoint, it's difficult to justify using an icepick, the same
that were taken from Freeman's own kitchen, into a person's brain. From a medical standpoint, no
treatment should be widespread until the consequences or side effects of the procedure has been
observed. People who were subjected to lobotomies were incapable of returning to normal life as
they became demobilized and had to be taught how to walk and ... Show more content on
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Patients would be given large doses of insulin that put them into daily comas, often bringing patients
to the edge of death. Other patients were given Metrazol which triggered seizures so violent they
often fractured vertebrae. Shock therapy also known as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was also
used as a form of treatment at the time. These treatments were brutal and patients often asked
doctors why they were torturing them. Even with these harsh treatments, and I wouldn't want to use
these either, I would choose these treatments over lobotomy. The fact that a lobotomy would alter a
person so drastically and often cripple them in some way for the rest of their lives just to have a
reprieve from their illnesses doesn't seem worth it. A specific example of this was the lobotomy of
Beulah Jones in 1952. Before receiving a lobotomy Jones had persistent delusions, but was an
intelligent woman. After her lobotomy she lost her higher intellect, her expressions became placid,
and the delusions

Positivist Approach And Human Social Behavior
What is a positivist approach one may ask? Positivist approach is the view of how societies are
structured and human social behavior by examining it through methods of natural sciences.
Positivist approach is defined as an approach that assumes deviance is real, it exists in the objective
experience of the people who commit deviant acts and those who respond to them (Conrad, Peter &
Schneider, 1980). A book that provides great insight on explaining a positivist approach to those
who may not understand is My Lobotomy by Howard Dully and Charles Fleming. Howard Dully
was just like any ordinary young boy his age who would get in trouble either in school or at school.
Yet, Dr. Walter Freeman, his father and step mother agreed this something wrong with him causing
him to receive his lobotomy. Although he received the lobotomy he was still abandoned by his
family and went through a rough lifestyle. He spent his teen age years in mental institutions, his
twenties in jail and then as he got older he turned to alcohol. When he became older and questioned
the lobotomy he found out reasons how the procedure fit perfectly with the paradigm of his time.
What will be discussed is the basic assumption and logic of the positivist paradigm. Which will be
tied to the historical development and the relevance of its criticism. Understanding the basic
assumption and logic of the positivist paradigm is by knowing what it means. positivism means a
perspective on knowledge and reality that

The Treatment Of The Mentally Ill
Imagine living in a place where you were sent to be aided on a disability and it turns out to be a
nightmare. A nightmare where you are living in poor conditions, abused by a corrupt staff, and
performed dangerous operations on without your permission. Even though many of us don 't
experience this, this is a cold hearted reality for the mentally ill. Not only were the mentally ill
treated horrible in these "institutions" back then, but outside they weren 't treated any better. In this
research paper I am going to look into the treatment of the mentally ill in the mid–1800s to mid–
1900s. Mental institutions in these times were horrible and brought more damage than healing to the
mentally ill. However, the original intentions of mental institutions were more positive and caring
then its outcome. Dorothea Dix was an important figure and pioneer of the rise of mental institutions
in the mid–1800s to early 1900s. Dorothea Dix took a job as a teacher for inmates in a East
Cambridge prison (History). While there she came across a revelation, these unhygienic violent
criminals were put alongside the mentally ill. The consequences of this was the mentally ill were
brutally abused by their violent jailmates (History). Dix then studied various prison facilities across
the country and came up with the same conclusion as the one she came up with the prison she
worked at. The mentally ill living alongside violent criminals were abused. Dorothea Dix presented
her findings to a legislature

The Down Fall of Rose Williams and Blanche DuBois
Tennessee Williams is known to be a Southern playwright of American drama. Williams knew how
to show haunting elements like psychological drama, loneliness, and inexcusable violence in his
plays. Critics say Williams often depicted women who were suffering from critical downfalls due to
his sister Rose Williams. Rose was always fighting with a mental health condition known as
schizophrenia all her life. The character Laura in The Glass Menagerie is always compared to Rose,
because they were both socially awkward and very quiet girls. This may be true, but one can look at
Blanche DuBois from A Street Car Named Desire shadows his sister's life and characteristics more
than Laura did. In the obituary of Rose Williams that was written by ... Show more content on
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During a party when Rose was twenty–six, Williams went off on her by saying, "I hate the sight of
your ugly old face" (Hoare)! Rose's illness made her become delusional and a compulsive liar. This
disgusted Williams for this was not the sister he knew. Williams never really understood his sister's
illness. Rose's schizophrenia only got worse as time went on. Finally, her parents felt she was not fit
for society in her state. Rose was taken to the State Hospital in Farmington where doctors performed
a bilateral prefrontal lobotomy. Tennessee Williams regrets to not stopping the lobotomy, because
his sister was never the same again and never recovered. Due to the regret, Williams financed his
sister's private care until his death in 1983. Even though the siblings had a very dysfunctional
relationship; Tennessee shows the haunting and suffering he felt in his plays due to his sister's
illness. Williams first introduces Blanche DuBois in the play with the following description, "She is
daintily dressed in a white suit with a fluffy bodice, necklace and earrings of pearl, white gloves and
hat, looking as if she were arriving at a summer tea or cocktail party" (Williams 15). This
description depicts Blanche as a high society woman and could do better than living in New
Orleans. Blanche is only putting on airs from this description. This means that she is faking her
higher class status; in reality what she is wearing is

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Mental Illness Essay
There have been many horror movies produced with a mental illness as the reason for all of the
scary events that happen in the movie. This can be seen in many popular horror movies such as
Mirrors, where schizophrenia is reason why there is a possessed demon killing its victims through
mirrors, personality disorder in Silence of the Lambs, and narcissistic personality disorder in
Scarface. It is very easy to demonize the mentally unwell because of their seemingly irrational
behaviors caused by mental illness. Therefore, I wanted to explore the portrayal of mental illnesses
in two non–horror films. For my paper, I have decided to analyze Shutter Island, a psychological
thriller, and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, a comedy–drama film. Both Shutter Island and One
Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest reveals the fragility of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Leonardo DiCaprio's character killed his wife because she killed their three children and to escape
reality, he had formed an alternate storyline where he is a detective solving a case with his partner,
Mark Ruffalo. After his doctor helps him experience his alternate storyline, he learns the truth and
recovers. However, it appears as if he has relapses again at the very end and he is given a lobotomy.
There is ambiguity whether he was faking it or not. For One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, I will
examine the scene where Jack Nicholson's character questions the medication that the nurses are
giving to the patients, the scene where he gets shock therapy, and the ending scene where the
institution gives him the lobotomy to control him forever. Nicolson's character is not actually
mentally ill, but he pretends he has a mental disorder to escape hard punishment for his

Lobotomy Case Studies
1. Lobotomy is a surgical procedure that severs the nerve fibers in the brain. The procedure became
very popular by Antonio Egan Moniz and Walter Freeman. The procedure is done using an ice pick
and is irreversible. Thousands of lobotomies were done between 1939 and 1967. 2. Legal leverage is
basically when the court forces a person to accept medical treatment even if the person's income has
to be taken control over. 3. Psychotherapy is a type of therapy that uses verbal communication.
Psychotherapy can take on many formats including: individual, couple, group, and family. 4. Bipolar
disorder is when person experiences moods varying like a roller costar with very elevated moods
(peaks) and very depressed moods (valleys). 5. Deinstitutionalization is when many patients in state
mental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A drug is described as a substance that is not food. A drug is taken typically in small quantities and
can cause some altering effects to the individual taking the drug(s). (alter mental, physical, or
emotional state) 2. There are two types of inherited alcoholism: Type I and Type II. Type I is milieu–
limited which means that men and women are equally as likely to develop this type of alcoholism.
Type II is dominantly seen in males and is more supported by genetic data information when
compared to type I. Type II tends to be considered to be more severe than type I alcoholism. 3.
Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the concentration of alcohol in your blood. In North Carolina,
it is illegal for someone to drive with a BAC level greater than 0.08. 4. Many fetal alcohol spectrum
disorder (FASD) happen when a woman consumes alcohol when they are pregnant. The following
health conditions are related to FASD: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), alcohol related birth defects
(ARBD), and alcohol–related neurodevelopment disorders (ARND). When a baby experiences fetal
alcohol syndrome they often experience withdrawals and

Electric Rays On The Cranial Surface
In the Roman Empire era, physicians suggested the application of electric rays on the cranial surface
to treat conditions. This ancient practice was first utilized by the physician of Emperor Claudius,
Scribonius Largo in 46 AD. The electrical torpedo fish was used to treat headaches and arthritic
symptoms. The fish would be applied to affected areas which would numb or paralyze the injury. It
was also used by placing the injured part of the body in a pool of water with the fish that would
cause electric currents or shocks. The electric shocks would stun the affected skin, spine or brain
structures and immediately numb the affected area providing instant and temporary relief. Electricity
developed into a new methodology of treating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientific researchers used animals to examine the cortical cortex which defined electrical
stimulation as a use to induce muscle contractions. After this successful find researches began to
conduct human experiments. This resulted in several studies that lead to a detailed and exact picture
of how the human brain functioned.
On the other side of the treatment identified the use of brain stimulation as a therapeutic treatment
for patients with psychoses and depression. In the 1930's, new experiments and procedures were
introduced to treat severe psychoses in mentally ill patients. There was no real medical treatment or
medicine which is now available. So they began to use electroshock or electroconvulsive therapy to
treat these patients who could not identify what exactly troubled them. The electroshock involved
the use of applying an electrical pulse to the scalp which stimulates the brain cells. This led some
physicians to believe that this method could be used to calm uncontrollable and disorderly patients
down.
This started the era of lobotomies which involved drilling holes in the skull, pushing a sharp
instrument through and cutting connections from the frontal lobes to the brain. The surgeon would
sweep this from side to side, to cut the connections between the frontal lobes and the rest of the
brain which would render the patient somewhat in a robot like state. Lobotomies have been highly
publicized and used as a good movie plot in

The Great Depression : A Time Of Uncertainty
Anneliese Markus
Period 2, Honors English
March 8th, 2016
The Great Depression was a time of uncertainty for everyone: rich or poor, male or female, black or
white, however nobody's world was less stable than the mentally ill. The early years of the 20th
century saw a major revolution regarding the understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
Simpler cures of psychoanalysis such as mesmerism and hypnotism disappeared, and were replaced
by more radical and demanding scientific psychiatric treatments including forced infection with
diseases or purposefully causing a person to seize. The mental illness community was both
astonished and terrified by the potential prospect of this new branch of psychiatry; frightened at the
idea of being subjected to these new and risky treatments, however amazed by the cures for
previously untreatable illnesses. From examination of the perpetually changing world of mental
illness during the 1930s, through the new comprehension of mental disease, preventive psychiatry,
and the unorthodox treatments that arose from it, shock therapy and lobotomies, readers take away a
heightened appreciation for the unique and symbolic bond between George and Lenny in John
Steinbeck 's Of Mice and Men.
The main transformation of the understanding and of cures of mental illness during the 1930s came
from the new branch of psychotherapy, preventive psychiatry. As an excerpt from the Vol I British
Medical journal addresses, preventive psychiatry is a field of

Lobotomy Case Study
As a young neurologist he had a good intension of helping those patient who were in needs. He felt
their needs to thrive and function in the society. He was more concern on finding a quick solution to
the problem rather than to evaluate the person as a whole. During that era doctors were considered
more as a savior; their practice were not questionable as it is today. Although there were many
doctors who were opposed to his treatment but they were unable to stop him because he was a man
of power. His treatment of lobotomy using shock therapy to unconscious his patient were very
attractive to house wives and concern parents with children with behavioral problems such as, hyper
active or mentally ills. His treatment promised a functional

Howard Lobotomy Quotes
Howard should not have gotten a lobotomy because there was nothing wrong with him, he was just
being mistreated. He was punished for things he didn't do, his step–mother picked favorites with the
other kids, and he was abused by his parents. So a lobotomy was an extreme measure in his case for
the things he did and didn't do. Howard was often blamed for many things he didn't do. He was even
accused of hurting the dog. This happened on many occasions were he was blamed. The book even
quotes as Howard saying, "if I didn't move quickly enough, or if I gave her and grief, I'd be
punished. Half the time i didn't even know what I was being punished for. I was just bad"(pg. 42).
His step–mother often liked the other kids more than him, no matter

Prefrontal Lobotomy Analysis
Frequently, it's difficult to maintain a certain procedure which benefits both the patient and
physician. The growth of The Prefrontal Lobotomy was sought out to assist patients with issues
regarding mental illnesses, and conditions of psychological disorders. The Prefrontal Lobotomy is
said to be successful, but there have been certain times where the procedure has caused death upon a
patient. It's a controversial procedure that has been done widely since it's prime era. It was widely
performed for decades to treat Schizophrenia, Manic Depression and Bipolar Disorder. (Lobotomy:
Definition, Procedure, & History; Lewis, 2014) The Portuguese Neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz is
said to be credited with inventing the Lobotomy in 1935, for which he shared the Nobel Prize for
Physiology or Medicine in 1949. (Official website of the Nobel Prize, http://www.nobelprize.org/)
Before the procedure was tested on humans, it was actually tested on chimpanzees by a Yale
Neuroscientist John Fulton and his colleague Carlyle Jacobsen in 1935. Because of certain
behavioral and personality issues, the procedure was sought to adjust the way illnesses were
developed, and to eliminate them. The procedure was done by cutting holes in ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Today, mental illnesses can be treated with medication, surgery, etc. Rarely would you hear that a
physician is performing a Prefrontal Lobotomy to assist a patient with a disorder. Manic Depression
specifically is more so treated with medication. Other disorders such as Schizophrenia can be treated
with medication. There's also more extreme procedures today such as sending electric shocks
through the brain to cause a temporary seizure that'll calm the patient down. I would say in my
personal opinion that a procedure as such would be much more effective for Schizophrenia

History And Systems Paper: The Lobotomy
7.27.2015 History and Systems Paper: The Lobotomy The lobotomy was a therapeutic process that
was both a non–empirical and non–effective treatment for severe mental illness in the 1900's. Not
only was it not effective, it was actually harmful and even caused death among patients receiving the
treatment. The lobotomy represents a historical treatment of mental illness that unfortunately thrived
as a treatment for mental illness, even with obvious detrimental effects. The history of the lobotomy
developed over the course of several decades. In 1935, Americans Carlyle Jacobsen and John Fulton
reported that surgical damage to the frontal lobes of chimpanzees could decrease aggressive
behavior. Upon hearing this, Portuguese neuropsychiatrist Egas

The History of Mental Illness
Through the course of time, mental illnesses have always been in existence due to varying factors
and causes. However, as time has passed, the perceptions and available treatments for mental
illnesses have also changed as new technology was developed. By looking at the treatments and
perceptions of mental illnesses in the early 20th century, we can learn how to properly treat and
diagnose not only mental disorders but also other conditions as well as show us the importance of
review boards and controlled clinical trials. During the early to mid 20th century, not much was
known about mental illnesses or what caused them, which was the way it had been for many years
before. One of the somewhat common perceptions about mental illness was that these disorders
were caused by possession or negative spirits. This can be most likely be attributed to the wide
influence of the catholic church and the belief that exorcisms or psychosurgery could possibly cure
incurable or intractable mental illnesses. Psychosurgery developed into the more common procedure
known as a lobotomy, where the connections between the prefrontal lobe and the prefrontal cortex
are cut with the intention of freeing the patient from delusions and side effects of other mental
illnesses. Lobotomies began as a surgical procedure which needed to be performed in an operating
room, as it required holes to be drilled through the scalp and into the skull. This meant that though
the procedure was seen to show some

' Hard Rock As A Prison Hero?
Introduction
Hard Rock, an obvious alias, was a prison hero. The stories of his resistance to prison authorities
have reached legendary status some of his acts might very well be mythologized and exaggerated.
At the start of the story his hero status remains intact even if Hard Rock himself is no longer fully
there mentally. His fellow inmates are deeply disappointed when they see that all the fight in Hard
Rock has been taken out as result of his lobotomy. Hard Rock has been permanently damaged while
he is alive is no longer completely there after the lobotomy. Such permanent punishment, like the
death penalty, is no longer tolerated today.
Hard Rock the Hero?
Hard Rock was the most famous inmate in a prison for the criminally insane. No doubt his fellow
inmates were also sick in the mind like he was. His mental health issues manifested his resistance to
authority and his violent temper. No mention is made as to what he did to land in his predicament
but it is likely that is it due to his ill temper as well. Based on context clues he is a lifelong inmate
and thanks to his lobotomy he may well be useless to society besides being used to scare other
inmates.
Hard Rock's image to his fellow inmates is one of power and prowess. Lumpkin (1955) describes a
destroyer and doer of things. It is almost as if he is a god to the inmates. Hence his fall from grace is
truly depressing for them. Hunter (1973) points out that the other inmates used to look up to Hard
Rock. There are many

Psychotherapy And Pharmaceutical Treatments Are Far More
Psychotherapy and pharmaceutical treatments are far more humane than past methods for treating
mental illnesses. One scene in Shutter Island where these advancements can be seen is a
conversation early in the film, between Teddy and Dr. Cawley. The doctor is still familiarizing
Teddy with the facility, and he explains how patients were treated in the past versus the new
psychotherapy treatment performed on the island. He begins by explaining that in the past it "used to
be the kind of patients we deal with here were shackled and left in their own filth. They were beaten,
as if whipping them bloody would drive the psychosis out." Since the film took place not long after
World War II, it was only recently that doctors began using ... Show more content on
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This procedure was described by Tacie Dejanikus in her article, Psychosurgery: Lobotomies Again
as "swishing an ice pick around behind the eyeballs to destroy portions of the brain 's frontal lobe"
(3). This may not be a very scientific description, but if it perfectly sums up the procedure,
emphasizing how imprecise the operation was at the time. It occasionally appeared to help the
illness, however they had a down side. In another article, written by Maddy Simpson, she states that
"Lobotomies often left the patient with a low brain capacity and unable to live independently" (1).
Although their popularity had faded over the years, they are still practiced today as a last resort
option. In Shutter Island the lighthouse is depicted as a haunting, mysterious place and is suspected
of containing a secret, which is partially true. Teddy's conspiracy, which is part of his delusion, is
centered on the lighthouse being the location of the Nazi like experiments performed by the staff.
Just like the names of Teddy's made up characters being anagrams for who they represent, each
aspect of the delusion is based off partial truths from reality. Andrew Laeddis did kill Teddy's wife,
however Andrew Laeddis is just the anagram for Edward Daniels. Rachel Solando represents
Teddy's wife, both of whom drown their three kids. Also, the lighthouse, which is believed to host
cruel experiments, is where the lobotomies are

Schizophrenia Is The Most Common Mental Illness
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe disorder which is equal in both Men and Women and affects
one percent of the worlds population, it is the most common mental illness (Carlson 2014).
Schizophrenia is the suffering from a split mind which can start at a very early age and remain as a
lifelong disease. (Tsuang 1982) In the UK currently 250,000 people are suffering from
Schizophrenia. (Crow 1991) There are several symptoms which are found in Schizophrenics which
are characterised by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. However some people may differ
differently due to their diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Some individuals may show all the symptoms
listed, whereas others may only display a small number of them. (Jones et al.) In addition, the
description of the symptoms of Schizophrenics indicates that the disorder has been around for
thousands of years. (Jeste et al.1985). According to the Biological approach, Schizophrenia occurs
due to brain abnormalities which involves the absence of normal behaviour. Although, due to
Schizophrenia being strongly genetic and heritable, the presence of unusual behaviour may be due
to underlying biological factors. (Carlson 2014) The main types of biological treatments available
for Schizophrenia are Electro convulsive therapy (ECT) and Psychosurgery, however there are other
drugs therapies available for Schizophrenia.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was developed in the 1930s and is the most effective treatment for
Schizophrenia.

Brute Force Lobotomy Research Paper
Are You still having a piece of human flesh that mutilated yesterday? If anything, this album will
incite and motivate to act more against other human bodies. Please, do not consider this to be only
incitement or solicited. However, it will be exceptional if prepared as your imagination to kill and
chop tomorrow. 'Brute Force Lobotomy ', not only keep brutal style that grooved and dynamic, yet
rather a frenzy how the elderly form of brutal death concept performed and combined dynamically
by savagery plays modern brutal riffs predominantly, yet not eliminate the impression of the
traditional style of brutal death metal. We could hear the malignant of Putridity's riffs, the madness
of 'Deeds of Flesh's technical structure and Brodequin's rough

One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest Power Analysis
Ilana Sedaka
Walter P.8
Power Shift in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
In modern day society, individuals are influenced by strong superiority figures their whose
dominance stems from internal power. Authority can often lead subordinates to rebel and seize
control; therefore ability to obtain power is exceptionally difficult. A rivalry for rigid power is seen
in the literary piece, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. The limited dominance is shifted fluidly
between Nurse Ratched and Randle McMurphy, and finally designated to Chief Bromden. Although
Nurse Ratched exercises initial control over her ward, Randle McMurphy attempts to disobey her
authority through defiance, and ultimately the power shifts into Chief Bromden's final control in
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest.
In the beginning of the novel, Nurse Ratched undoubtedly dominates the control of the mental
hospital. Chief's profound description of Nurse Ratched reveals he feels threatened by her. Chief
insists that "she blows up bigger and bigger, big as a tractor"(5) indicating he feels figuratively
smaller than Nurse Ratched. He also details her as a stiff, calculated, and precise like a machine
running the whole facility. Chief Bromden feels so impotent under her ruling, that he hallucinates a
fog machine and keeps everyone satisfied under her power. The fog is a reoccurring symbol in the
novel that can represent Chief's helplessness: "One of these days I'll quit straining and let myself go
completely, lose myself

Transorbital Lobotomy Analysis
Prefrontal and transorbital lobotomy was a commonly used treatment to cure madness during the
mid 1900's. This invasive procedure was tested on as many as 50,000 institutionalized mad patients.
This was a desperate procedure, and was only used when all other forms of treatment failed. There's
a lot of controversy surrounding this horrific procedure. Where the cure rates after this procedure
were not as high as everyone thought, and the terrible risks that can come from getting a lobotomy.
When evaluating patient their employment status played a key factor in whether or not they should
have a lobotomy. In order to determine the success of the operation the patient's ability to work
played a key role. Both prefrontal and transorbital lobotomy ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Creating a lot of havoc in the lives of both family and friends of the returning veteran. Discovered in
uncovered documents the article gives one example of a soldier named Melbert Peters along with so
many other mentally ill veterans lobotomized during and after WWII. The article gives examples
where so many veterans like Peter's had, "left for war a happy–go–lucky teen and returned home a
20–year–old plagued by guilt, violent anger and mental illness"(Lobotomy Files, 1). Where the man
who left for war didn't always return as the same man. During WWII both doctors and the media
advertised that lobotomy treatment was the best form of treatment to cure severe forms of mental
illness. With families desperate to help out their loved ones, many families turned to lobotomy
thinking that this was their best and only option. Only to find out that while at times the treatment
did reduce symptoms, but it also took away the persons personality and their ability to take care of
themselves. Leaving families with feelings of guilt and resentment depressed for having their loved
ones lobotomized. Since they thought that it would cure the patients mental, but what it really did
was take away a person's "sparkle" and their independence. Some families report that the lobotomy
actually made things worst (Lobotomy Files,

Electroshock Therapy In The Bell Jar
In the 1950's, there were many different types of medical treatments. They were used to treat many
different kinds of diseases. Some treatments also helped out with depression. The Bell Jar by Sylvia
Plath shows how one particular type of treatment, electro shock therapy, was used to help the main
character, Esther, overcome her depression. Sylvia Path's novel shows how electro shock was not
very effective for Esther and the other patients that received it. There were other treatments that
could have been done to help out Esther with her depression. Electroshock therapy (ECT) is a type
of medical treatment that is used to treat severe depression. It is to be used of other treatments did
not work. In Esther's case, this was the only treatment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The neurotransmitters are the chemicals that transfer messages between brain cells and with the
therapy, it can make these chemicals function better. A lot of people were against electroshock
therapy. In many psychiatric hospitals, ECT was used to control crazy patients. ECT was also used
as punishment for some the misbehaving patients, which received many shocks each day
(Sabbatini). Sabbatini continues on, writing that in the 1970's, there were many movements against
institutionalized psychiatry that started in Europe, and then moved to the United States. There are
many risks that can be involved with ECT. The first risk, which is one of the rarest, is death. The
cause of death by using ECT is a combination of bad reactions to anesthesia, pulmonary
complications and cardiovascular complication (Risks and Side Effects of ECT). Another side effect
is dental and oral trauma. The author of Risks and Side Effects of ECT, Lawrence Park states that a
patient can have many dental fractures, lacerations and dislocations. These are uncommon with
ECT, but they still can happen. Park then describes the next effect which is a more common one:
alterations in blood pressure. Hypertension and hypotension are associated with ECT. The last effect
of ECT is the most common one, which

Freeman Lobotomy Essay
Psychosurgery is often called neurosurgery for the mental ill/disordered. It was said that the surgery
could destroy brain tissue and eliminate the symptoms of mental illness all together. Even though it
was first used by Gotttlieb Burckhardt it was not a popular procedure until American neurologist
Walter Freeman. Freeman had a specific form of psychosurgery and that was lobotomy. Freeman
believed that it could cut certain nerves and eliminate excessiveness of emotions and stabilize a
personality. The first every U.S. lobotomy was on a Kansas housewife in 1936. The goal and
purpose of lobotomy was to help schizophrenia, depressed, bipolar disorder, and other mental illness
patients. The procedure is very freighting sounding. The surgeon/doctor ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Freeman's lobotomy procedure at only the age of 12. His stepmother is actually the person who took
him to see Freeman simply because she wanted to "do away" with him. She told Freeman that her
step son did not react to love or punishment, does a good deal of day dreaming and when asked says
"I don't know", and objects going to bed but sleeps well. She took him to numerous doctors
everyone told her the same thing except Dr. Freeman. Other doctors said he was just a typical young
boy while Freeman said otherwise. Freeman told her that the only way to "fix" her stepson was by a
lobotomy. She informed the doctor that he had to talk to Dully's father and convince him the
procedure would be beneficial. Surely enough the next time Dully's step mom took him to see Dr.
Freeman, Howard Dully would be sitting in a chair with what Dully calls "ice picks" in his eyes.
Dully never really talked about his lobotomy growing up but he definitely felt like something was
missing from his soul. He always wanted to know more about what happened considering he did not
remember the procedure itself. It took Dully until he was 54 (studied for two years, now is 56) to
begin to want to figure out exactly what happened, so he did just that. He went to George
Washington University and found the clues he needed to know he was

American Lobotomy Analysis
Lobotomy, a surgical procedure that which involves the incision of the prefrontal brain; To cure
patients suffering from mild to critical mental conditions. The article reported by NPR portrays the
role of lobotomy and it's effects based upon the point of view of actual patient, Howard Dully.
Originally, Freeman adapted the idea of neurological procedures from Portuguese neurologist Egas
Moniz. Who infamously drilled holes into patients skulls to cure mental illness. From this idea
Freeman adapted the term lobotomy and later performed the first ever American lobotomy
procedure. And due to lack of the understanding and treatments for mental illnesses this surgical
procedure spread like wildfire in the United States.
Dully, one of Freeman's many patients explains the procedure as a robbery. Stating,
The only thing you'd notice is that I'm very tall and weigh about 350 pounds. But I've always felt
different – wondered if something's missing from my soul (Dully,2005,p.1) ... Show more content
Where it succeed in evoking emotional appeal unto its audience it failed in its ability to provide
evidence. Lacking in multiple areas of providing data in which would help the reader build their
own opinion of Freeman's work. Since the piece itself took the viewpoint of Freeman's own patient,
it was inevitable that the article was heading towards a more biased narration. The interview itself
provided mere segments of different points of views from patients of freeman to his own family
members. In fact, a matter of concern to me was an awkward pause after Dully asked Freeman's
own son if he was proud of his father. After his reply of yes, Dully questioned the answer of
Freeman's son asking if he was being sarcastic. Which implanted a questionable tone to the entire
piece afterward. Leading to my belief that the interview itself was lacking more than it was

One Flew Over The Cuckoo 's Nest By Ken Kesey
Every person at some point in their lives have felt unusual or out of place. All of us have had both a
bully or that one individual that we simply didn 't need to be around or even anybody they knew.
Additionally, every person has had that one character they favored, for sticking up for themselves
and declaring what they wanted, even though it intended sure punishment. In One Flew Over the
Cuckoo 's Nest by author Ken Kesey, these attributes stick out in the story. A dialogue of the setting,
theme, and character situations into the story will help one capture how ones' feelings fall into line
with everyone at the streets nowadays.
One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest takes place in a mental sanatorium tucked away in the forests of
Oregon. Each character involved in the novel is either a patient or a physician at the sanatorium. In
this novel, every man or woman is controlled by an individual making the subject matter dominant
of a person. Men like Frederickson, Billy Bibbit, Harding, McMurphy, and Seefeld aren 't really
crazy. The reason McMurphy is in the medical institution is only because he faked madness to get
out of jail. They are here because they cannot deal with society. They had been beaten into
submission, and their individuality has been taken over by Nurse Ratched. They believe that
partaking in society is just too tough and they wouldn't be able to fend for themselves, so they need
a person like the controlling Nurse to control them. Unfortunately, they can 't live

Summary Of 'The Glass MenagerieBy Tennessee Williams'
Imagine having a sibling, whom you love so dearly, gradually lose touch with reality and change so
drastically that they become somebody unfamiliar. You want so badly, to help them escape from
their misery and pain yet there was nothing you could do. Worse yet, you don't understand why it is
happening to them or what it is exactly. Unfortunately, it happened to Thomas "Tennessee"
Williams. Rose Williams, Tennessee Williams older sister was diagnosed with schizophrenia at a
relatively youthful age. After her diagnosis, his mother allowed doctors to do a prefrontal lobotomy
which affected her so much that she was institutionalized (Hoare). Though they have their
differences, he was awfully devoted to his sister Rose. This experience may have affected his
playwright by allowing him to open up to us and giving us a preview what his life was like for his
family just before her diagnosis, just how delicately she is to him, and that he wanted to prove to us
just how loyal he was to his darling sister Rose. Based on real events that unfolded, The Glass
Menagerie really opened our eyes to Tennessee Williams's family life. The Glass Menagerie depicts
Williams' childhood. His father worked as a traveling salesman (Williams, Notebooks), his mother
raised the children practically by herself and often longed for her past. The relationship between
Tennessee's parents was dysfunctional to say the least. Tom Wingfield portrays a young Tennessee,
and Laura, though only has a limp is

Phineas P. Gage Essay
Phineas P. Gage was born in 1823. He was a railroad construction worker outside a small town of
Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, 1848, Phineas suffered from a traumatic brain injury, which
caused severe damage to parts of his frontal brain due to his accident at work. The day of Phineas
accident, he was performing his work duties on the construction of a railroad track. His duty was to
set explosive charges in holes drilled into large pieces of rock so that they could be broken up and
removed. He had to fill the holes with gunpowder, with a fuse, and then pack in sand with a large
tamping iron. Because gage was distracted on September 13, 1948, he forgot to fill in one of the
holes with sand. In result, when he went to pack down the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Barnum's New York museum. After that job he worked in New Hampshire as an assistant, and for
about seven years, as a coach driver in Chile. He was also worked on a farm before his death. Gage
moved to San Francisco with his mother in 1859. Sadly on May 21, 1860 Gage past away.
Neurologist Antonio Damasio has written significantly on Gage and other patients that he studied on
with similar injuries. Damasio viewed Gage's case as playing a crucial role in the history of
neuroscience, and stated that Gage's story "was the historical beginnings of the study of the
biological basis of behavior". Gage's case inspired the development of frontal lobotomy, which now
is a psychosurgical procedure that leads to emotional response and personality traits. On the other
hand, historical analysis doesn't support this claim because Gage's injury didn't have enough
influence on the development of this practice. Gage not only suffered the accident but it had a
dramatic impact on his life. There was criticism of Gage's story including the doubts on accuracy
between scientific and popular discourse from Australian psychologist Malcolm Macmillan.
According to Macmillan there was little information about Gage's personality and habits before the
accident. The post–traumatic psychological changes reported while Gage was still alive were less
dramatic than later reports had stated. A first report was printed in Ludlow, Vermont Free Soil Union
anonymously within twenty–four

Prefrontal Lobotomy
As a student of psychology I have read about this procedure a few times during my studies. It seems
possible that the doctors who performed this type of surgery may have been more interested in
stretching the boundaries of medicine and gaining notoriety versus the actual care of the patient. The
term psychosurgery describes a surgical intervention to change another person's mood, thoughts, or
behavior. This procedure was coined the frontal lobotomy. The procedure involved cutting the major
connections between the prefrontal cortex and the rest of the brain. Lobotomies became part of a
new age treatment for neurological diseases in the early 20th century. The original procedure, also
known as a leucotomy, involved an injection of alcohol into ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
To irreversibly alter another person's personality was thought by many to overstep the bounds of
good medical practice, and disrespect that person's autonomy and individuality and in 1950, the
Soviet Union banned the practice, saying it was "contrary to the principles of humanity". Germany
and Japan soon followed and finally in 1967 Freeman was banned from surgery after performing a
third lobotomy on a patient whose brain hemorrhaged and died. Till his death Freeman stood by his
procedure and even traveled the country to visit the patients he operated on to prove that he had
helped

The Building A Prison For Those Who Didn 't Quality Essay
Upon arrived to TALA, I was greeted by an astonishing monumental architecture. The symmetry of
the building was elegant and well complimented by its weathered look. It is difficult to imagine that
this very building had once housed the mentally ill. I had never seen such a facility before and thus
expected something less remarkable. As I stood admiring the building, I noticed the multitude of
windows it contained. Upon further examination, I noticed the bars surrounding them and suddenly
realized that the illusion of paradise was in reality a prison for those who dwelled here. I was
surprised to learn how many people were housed in this building and likewise shocked to discover
what passed as mentally insane during the 19th century. The criteria used to determine mental illness
were nonexistent and arbitrary. I was extremely concerned when the tour guide mentioned kids
being born and raised in TALA. It was also distressing to learn that people who didn't quality as
having mental problems were also placed into such a facility. In contrast, it was interesting to learn
that the community had openly embraced TALA as part of their home to the extent that a high
school prom was held inside the building. This helped me to recognize that TALA was more than
just an insane asylum, it was truly home to those living inside and outside its walls. As I progressed
through the tour, I discovered that I was unaware of the many practices of insane asylums,
especially the methods used in

Chemical Changes In The Brain Essay
Although we would not be here without having the knowledge of physical changes in the brain,
knowing about the chemical impacts in the brain play a big role in today's society. Learning about
the chemical changes happening in the brain changes the way doctors perform surgery, they way
antibiotics are made, and the way people view schizophrenics and other mentally ill patients. Our
understanding on how physical changes impact the brain makes a bigger impact on human lives.
Our understanding and knowledge we have on the chemical changes in the brain changes the way
surgeons and doctors performed surgery. Not many decades ago, there was a practice, it had gotten
so popular that it's creator won the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1945, a man named ... Show more content
Drugs are chemicals that affect the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering
with the way that neurons are sent. Tolerance occurs when someone consumes a drug so many
times, the response is different than their initial response. It takes more of the drug to produce a
bigger effect. For the brain to build up tolerance, when the drug enters the body and goes to the
brain, it activates a variety of neurotransmitters receptors causing nerves to dump its other
neurotransmitters, sending signals to the brain to make more or less, turning receptors on and off,
growing new interconnecting neurons. This helps the brain create a better tolerance for the drug and
deals with it better the first time the drug was introduced. Understanding on how the chemicals in
the brain works helps us address this issue that illegal drugs are bad for the brain and body. Without
our knowledge on how drugs chemically affect the brain and body, kids today would not have the
understanding on the risks of doing drugs. People doing these drugs would not understand what is
happening to their body and what is going on in their

Electro-Shock Therapy: Lobotomies And Asylums
Asylums. Electro–Shock Therapy. Skull Drills. Pills. Expulsions. Seclusion. Lobotomies. A hefty
portion of the uncommon systems that have been set up to ease a man of dysfunctional behavior are
just effective in making "vegetables" out of patients, not curing their illnesses but rather making
them apparitions of their past selves. All through history, there have been radical changes in how the
rationally sick is dealt with and watched over; a large portion of these happened on account of
changing societal perspectives and information on dysfunctional behavior. These progressions have
brought psychiatrists out of a negative light and have given psychiatric studies a brighter, more
inspirational viewpoint. The historical backdrop of regarding

Lobotomy Research Paper
In the late 1880's, evidence that patients who were mentally ill could be controlled through surgical
manipulation of the brain first emerged. Gottlieb Burckhardt, a Swiss physician, removed parts of
the brain cortex on mentally ill patients in the insane asylum he supervised. Burckhardt performed
his operation on six patients with the goal of calming patients so that they were more controlled but
not necessarily sane. Many of his patients more manageable after the surgery but one died several
days after the surgery and some patients suffered severe seizures (Stone, 2001). In 1935, Dr. John
Fulton, a respected Yale neurophysiologist, who founded the Journal of Neurophysiology and
Journal of Neurosurgery, presented his findings of animal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Initially, the lobotomies were performed on severely mentally ill patients; then, lobotomies became
a way to treat all mental illnesses including young children. Prior to the 1950's, both quantitative
and qualitative analyses of articles written about lobotomies were positively bias ((Diefenbach, J.,
Diefenbach, D., Baumeister, and West, 1999). The articles exaggerated the success of lobotomies.
Even after the introduction of drug therapies as an alternative treatment for the severely mentally ill
were introduced, lobotomies were still performed at an alarming rate (Collins and Stam,

What Is The Neurosurgical Procedure Lobotomy
The neurosurgical procedure lobotomy is based on the concept of localization of function.
Localization of function is the idea that there is a direct correspondence between specific cognitive
functions and specific parts of the brain. Localization of function comes from the idea of
phrenology, which is the study of the shape, size, and protrusions of the cranium in an attempt to
discover the relationships between parts of the brain and various mental activities and abilities.
Localization of function is shaped by the work of Shepherd Franz and Karl Lashley. Franz and
Lashley studied the effects of ablation of the frontal lobes in rats. They did this by observing the
animals after they made small holes on their skulls. The results of these studies

Howard Lilly My Lobotomy
The interview "My Lobotomy" follows Howard Dully as he works on uncovering what happened to
him during a procedure performed on him during his childhood. Howard Dully was 12 years old
when Walter Freeman performed transorbital or "ice pick" lobotomy on him. He always felt
something missing from his soul, however, he carried no memories of the operation and never asked
his family. This led him to set out on a journey to learn about what happened to him in 1960. The
conversation isn't between an interviewer and Howard Dully. It is actually Howard Dully speaking
to others in hopes of discovering what really happened. Dully interviewed Dr. Elliot Valenstein, who
wrote a book on the history of lobotomy. Dr. Valenstein says the results varied ... Show more content
He found out that it was his stepmother who was responsible for this procedure. Filled with hatred
and desire to get rid of him, she called Walter Freeman and asked him to fix Howard. Dr. Freeman
suggested changing him via lobotomy and not telling him about the procedure. Her and his father
both agree to have Howard operated on. After finding the records, Howard asks his father to talk.
They've never talked about it before, but to his surprise he agrees to. His father says it was his
stepmother's idea, and that her and Dr. Freeman manipulated him into agreeing to it. He says they
never talked about it because Howard never asked, and because it was an unpleasant part of his life
he'd rather not dwell on. The last pair of people Howard Dully speaks to are Rebecca Welch and
Anita McGee. Anita is Rebecca's mother, who was lobotomized by Dr. Freeman. Rebecca believes
Freeman destroyed her mother's life, making her spend most of her life in mental institutions. She
says her mother is there, but not truly there. Rebecca and Howard bond when she tells him he has
helped a lot of people by going on this journey to discovery. In the end, Dully reflects on all of the
horrible things he's endured because of his lobotomy. However, sitting with Rebecca and Anita
makes him realize lobotomy didn't touch his soul, which finally gives him peace. The interview
presents a few strengths. First, it introduces you to Howard Dully through his

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