Why Do We Lose Australian Identity

Why Do We Lose Australian Identity
In the Digital Age, people worldwide are more connected and information is more accessible. This
has allowed wider sharing of cultures, and even naissances of new ones. As a result, pre–existing
cultures are influenced by other cultures, and a cultural shift takes places. The way people use
language makes a part of their culture, and hence a change in said culture will at least partially result
in a linguistic change. Because of this, some argue Australian English is losing its unique
characteristics, and hence Australian identity is gradually affected. On one hand, it is evident that
globalisation has resulted in lessened use of stereotypically Australian utterances such as 'she'll be
right', 'g'day', and 'mate'. However, a lessened use does not necessary mean characteristics are lost.
While we may not employ the Australian English lexicon in conversation, such characteristics may
be preserved by humorous or ironic usage. Further, an evolved lexicon does not necessary mean
identities of Australians are affected. For one, Australian identity is different to everyone. While it
seems there is an 'ideal' Australian identity that holds a certain set of values, for the most part,
identity and values are different for every Australian. Nevertheless, even if there were such a thing
as a collective Australian identity, it would be resistant to linguistic shifts. While Australian English
may be losing its unique characteristics, one's identity and values remain the same. If anything,
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Using a language to communicate is one of the main forms...
Using a language to communicate is one of the main forms of connecting and conversing with other
humans. Every human speaks a language and every language is unique. Languages are so unique
that the ways in which some of their words are sounded and pronounced vary compared to other
languages. However some of the words of one language may have been borrowed from the words of
another language. As Bucholtz, M.(2000) states "English will continue to shape the youth styles of
other cultures" and "the process of cultural and linguistic borrowing moves in [two] directions...Asia
[is] already having a significant impact on American youth, who regularly encounter mediated
forms of international youth culture in music, film, and fashion " p 280–283. ... Show more content
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The participants involved consists of two speakers that are Australian born and raised in Australia,
with one of them being between the ages of 18–25 and the other over 65 years. The final two
participants involves one of them being a non–native speaker of English between the ages of 18–70
and the other a non–Australian native speaker of English aged between 18–70. The aim of the
experiment is to find out about the differences in the variations of speech of each of the 4 different
participants. These included vocabulary choices such as youth slang, gender differences, phonetic
differences such as pronunciation and intonation and style differences such as Americanism in
Australian English.
Analysis Speaker 1
(Australian born and raised 18–25 speaker of English) Speaker 2
(Australian born and raised 65+ Speaker of English) Speaker 3
(Non–native speaker of English) Speaker 4
(non–Australian native speaker of English)
Youth slang Yes No Yes No
Phonetic difference The 'er' at the end of most words was not pronounced but rather with a [a]
Pronunciation The 'er' at the end of most words was not pronounced but rather with a [a]
Pronunciation There was a confusion between /b/ and /p/ in words for pronunciation. There was an
emphasis on the pronunciation of the 'r' at the end of words.
Vocabulary
Average range of vocabulary used Very formal use of language. Low range of vocabulary

When We Go Walkabout Isolation
The Picture book "When We Go Walkabout" by author, Rhoda Lalara and illustrator, Alfred Lalara,
published by Allen and Unwin is a popular dual language text featuring the Anindilyakwa language
and English. This book is suitable in an early year context for constructing short texts in the
Foundation English Literacy Strand (ACELY1651).
The language demands require EAL/D learners to be at a minimum level three minus according to
the Bandscales State Schools (Queensland) reading document to comprehend this text. For EAL/D
learners to make meaning they require a sound level of word knowledge and explicit language
teaching to understand unfamiliar vocabulary such as "scrub". Simple sentences and exclamations,
are represented in both the Anindilyakwa

The Function Of English: The Primary Functions Of Language
The primary function of language is to convey ideas from one person to another. The dialect
appearance is a typical process of linguistic development. It is natural that varieties of language
appear since the process of language usage includes language expansion. Social communities tend
to split up into groups, each of them displays differences in behaviour. Language reflects these
differences.
The reason why dialects come into existence is connected with variety of speakers of that language.
Different regions and speakers use various vocabulary. In most cases they have native language that
have an effect on the second language, in this case, It is English.
A dialect may be defined as a subdivision of a language that is used by a group of speakers who
have some non–linguistic characteristic in common []. The most common shared characteristic is a
regional one: people who live in the same place tend to talk alike. British and American English are
different dialects of the same language. It is obvious which one of them appeared first and which
one was created upon another. These varieties of languages has different phonological, grammar,
and lexis, The differences are usually studied by the second foreign language acquisition. But the
different varieties of English has many sub–dialects, both regional and ... Show more content on
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He says: 'When two varieties of English (or of any other language) differ in patterns of grammar and
vocabulary, they are different dialects; if their grammar and vocabulary are more or less identical
but they differ in sound–patterns, then they are the same dialect but different accents. There is a
distinction between a regional and a class dialect. The two kinds of dialect are difficult to separate:
there are regional variations in every class dialect and class variations in every regional dialect, but
regional variations become less strongly marked as the speakers ascend the social

Jo Ricci Speech
We had a gest speaker, Jo Ricci who works in Academic Skills Unite. She presented us essential
things when we study in Diploma of Nursing: importance of listening, using of Bright space and
paraphrasing. To begin with, importance of listening. In Diploma of Nursing, we study with students
whose first language is English, Therefore teachers do not talk clearly or slowly as all students can
understand it. What Jo suggested us to improve listening skills are extending vocabulary, especially
Australian slangs or idioms. In order to extend these vocabulary, we need to talk with Australian as
well as reading news papers or journals. Furthermore, to understand lecture accurately, Jo explained
about how to use Bright Space. Even though, we do not understand

Summary: Student Profile
Student Profile
In the context of Australian schools, learning and achievement are acquired and demonstrated
through English. The curriculum is structured specifically to a realm of learning and therefore, is
best taught in the setting in which they are used (Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting
Authority, 2012). It is a responsibility of all teachers to educate their students in the language and
literacy demands of their subject area. Specific support is necessary for students who have English
as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D) to build the language skills required to understand
subject–specific language structures and vocabulary. This student profile will discuss in detail the
learning characteristics, strengths and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She may be at an advantage as many EAL/D students already speak one or more languages, and
with this knowledge will already have the foundations for which to build the development of
English language.
Mya will require a targeted, systematic and instructional based learning approach to achieve in the
curriculum, which can be achieved through an inclusive and supportive classroom environment.
Strengths
Mya, as an EAL/D student, brings a range of cultural and linguistic resources to the mathematics
classroom that when utilised effectively can build her English proficiency and curriculum content
knowledge. Furthermore, many EAL/D students have differing perspectives of mathematics
strategies or phenomena, for example a student with an alternate calculation approach can be invited
to share their solutions with the class, engaging all students and confirming the presence of multiple
strategies.
This encourages students like Mya to share her perspectives, not only aiding in her mathematics
proficiency but also engaging the class as a whole. Inviting Mya to share her cultural specific
experiences creates an inclusive space within the school environment, as well as providing
opportunities of intercultural understand for the entire class.

Stereotypical Roles of Australian Males Essay
Stereotypical Roles of Australian Males
The typical Australian: lazy, beer guzzling, faded blue singlets, thongs, slang words. This is the
dominant reading formed by the media, commonly in advertisements and novels. The image
constructed by such media is one of an unfit 'couch potato' who sits around all day drinking and
watching television. This stereotype is not only downgrading, but constructs Australian males as
underachievers in society. Some Australians may be like this, as for many the pursuit of leisure is a
serious business. Indeed texts such as Chris Franklin's – Bloke (2000) and The Wind and the
Monkey (1999) support this theory of the common Australian man. However texts such as
Crocodile Dundee (1986) and The Castle (1999) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Michael Dundee has such a loving attitude towards life that he leaves a positive lasting impression
on everyone he meets. He tries his best to greet everyone he sees in the street by saying, "G'day,
mate." The viewer of this text is positioned to react in a positive way towards Dundee. Dundee may
not always abide by the laws of America, but he acts on what he believes is right. There are many
scenes in the film where Dundee was seen knocking someone out for some reason or another, but at
the same time the viewer is still positioned to look at his positive aspects.
Crocodile Dundee is set in the cultural context of outback Australia and it's Aborigines. Michael
Dundee was born in the Australian outback and raised by the Aborigines of his area. He sometimes
performs many cultural acts that only the Aborigines do. Such as "He's gone walkabout." In outback
Australia nothing changes, the towns are small and everybody knows one another. The social
context of the outback Australian in comparison to New York is portrayed as being very primate for
its time.
Another text that shows no relevance to the dominant reading of Australian males is The Castle.
This text follows the life of an Australian man by the name of Darryl Kerrigan. Darryl is a tow truck
driver and father of four whos only distinguishing feature is his reverence for his home and family.
The dominant reading of this

Classics Should Be Taught In Australia Essay
There is no hiding the fact, classics can be a challenge to read: however, does that mean we should
just forget about them?. A modern teenager wouldn't know one of the most iconic Australian songs
"Waltzing Matilda". For those that do recognize the song would most likely only be able to recite
the chores, the remaining verses will be a endless monotone mumble of confusion. Furthermore, not
all of Australia's classics are being lost as and enhanced number of children recognize dreamtime
stories rather than western culture as they are being taught in primary school. There are many things
that can distract students such as technology, technology has changed the world and it is reaching
new limits as I write. The advancements of technology does have negative effects on active students
and their schooling life. Countless students would rather watch Tv than read, However this doesn't
mean reading is dying as their is an abundance of children that love reading novels. Nonetheless
classics do not pose much of an intrest to teenages as they would ... Show more content on
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Over all books are cherished by all ages and should be celebrated more throughout school as they
can broaden one's vocabulary and imagination. Classic are all around us however only so many of
us can see them, this number is growing dinner dramatically year by year. Australian Classics. When
you hear these what comes to mind? The Man from Snowy River perhaps, Waltzing Matilda or even
Myles Franklin? These names are getting abandon generation by generation. This fact is very
alarming, we as a nation have the option to bring the classics back into the curriculum or we could
just simply watch them get erased from our own culture. Bringing the classics back will help infuse
the young minds of Australia with the importance of the dying heritage that seems to be

The Many Languages of Australia and New Zealand
As of 2013, there are many languages spoken both in Australia and New Zealand. Having a history
dating as far as the 18th century, both countries constitute the Austral realm. Within its many
aspects, one of the most notorious is its language. Known by the humorous effect some of its
sentences and words provoke in people, the language of the Austral realm has helped shape the
identity of Australia as well as New Zealand and has become an essential spectrum of their culture.
In spite of its variations and the reasons behind its current status, this research paper will be
focusing upon the four main languages of the Austral realm: English, New Zealand's and Australia's
sign language, Australian Indigenous language and the Maori language in New Zealand. Each
language has impacted the Austral realm in its own way and will be viewed both individually and in
comparison within the realm's two states. English's history, what constitutes the signs in New
Zealand's sign language, Australian accent... all of them are part of a culture both beautiful and
unique and should, therefore, be treated with the same care as one would treat any relic.
The Austral realm's languages are viewed by its people as more than only an idiom. Its evolution
throughout decades of history has transformed both Australia and New Zealand into a unique
society, filled with a mixture of words and idioms such as "go for a burn" and "dog's breakfast,"
both of which exemplifies some of the reasons of the worldwide

To View Language As Though It Were An Object, Devoid Of
To view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its creation and use, is
to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives the full quality of
its meanings. What is language? What makes the English language the most difficult to learn?
Language is presented as an object purely through itself, which in turn leads to a problem. The base
on how to use language to communicate through Lexis and Syntax, then each subheading of how to
communicate through spelling, grammar, homophones, semantics which is what makes language an
object. However, the very word language takes on a whole new meaning and is open to the
interpretation by anyone, this is possibly why language is a hard thing to ... Show more content on
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Language is best seen as a five–pronged system made up of these things: Phonology – Sounds that
are combined to make words; Lexis – Which are words; Orthography – Spelling rules that
standardise the way in which specific words are written; Syntax – Grammar – Rules that govern the
order of words to form sentences; Semantics – The meanings of individual words as well as phrases,
clauses, sentences and texts (Gardner, 2017, slideshow topic 1, slide 16). Without these five basic
principles language would become an object not necessarily a physical one but a mental one to start
with, because if you can't group a sentence together in your head that makes sense then how can you
communicate with one another. With that in mind, having learnt these five basic principles we move
onto the five functions of language: Personal – expressing feelings, concerns, thoughts, clarifying
ideas; Interpersonal – Salutations (which is an acknowledge meant of a greeting or saluting
someone), discussing, social chat, sharing ideas, showing concern; Directive – Influencing others
actions e.g. like your boss giving you an order, persuasion, requesting information, warnings;
Referential – Reporting actions/events that have taken place, identifying objects, company things;
Imaginative – Story telling, problem solving, discussing creative things (Finocchiaro, Brumfit,
1994, pg. 65–66) (Gardner, 2017, slideshow topic

Books In The Outsiders
Over the last few years, more writers of fiction do not earn enough money to live from their writing.
The Australian government are thinking of giving them a hand by supporting them financially. More
writers of fiction are living their lives along the poverty line, the Australian government should
definitely give them a hand as it encourages good literature. Many fictional books are now being
used for educational purposes for schools in the subject of English. Fiction books teach humans
about how to live a good life in all sorts of forms. In this context, fictional books referred to the
class of literature comprising works of imaginative narration, especially in prose form.
It is essential that the Australian government should provide them with financial assistances because
many fictional books are now being used academically in school. Fictional books plays an important
role in the subject of literature today in the school. Many schools have began to cover reading as
part of their course and according to www.kidsreadingchoices.org.au, statistics had ... Show more
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Although the contents in fiction books are made up of unrealistic informations and it is not factual ,
but writers has used their intelligent to create books which can teach a lesson to the reader, making
the reader feel more empathetic or training the reader to handle morally complex situations.
S.E.Hinton published a novel called " The Outsiders" , throughout the novel, it taught the readers
about the different hierarchies in the society and delivered a strong message of , " individuals should
not be judged by their outward appearance through stereotyping instead , they should judged by
their inner appearance" . Hence, it is necessary that the government supports the writers financially
in order to let everyone to be more mindful of their life in the

Standard English Essay
The question to ask is: 'Why not use Standard English all the time?'
Language is a powerful communication tool the user holds to express their individual identity and
ingroup solidarity. The use of Standard English helps to direct this, as it acts as the structure of
communication, ingroup and between speech communities to effectively present a standard for
mutual understanding. Outside of Standard English comes the use of slang, netspeak and textspeak,
which helps to develop and enrich the language, as well as evolve with contemporary Australia and
its fast paced lifestyle. Using the Standard all the time would be exclusive of the linguistic freedom
formed by the world beyond Standard English with varying ethnolects, but is also a ... Show more
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Other forms of the English language are developed from speech communities with an intention, for
efficiency and to show inclusion, and to exclude others. It also helps to convey a specific identity of
the speaker, with the use of syntactic and phonological differences from Standard English. These
modifications form non–standard dialects, transferring the speaker's cultural background and
language to provide a better perception and reflection of identity. The falling intonation
accompanied with interrogatives in the Asian ethnolect, such as 'Gravy?', is the opposite of the
rising intonation used for the same purpose by Australians, and can quickly cause conflict between
the two communities due to the missing benchmark in language. Pronoun deletion in 'No like' ('I
don't like it') is a feature of many ethnolects (Greek, Aboriginal English), and is differing from the
Standard, yet still helps to get the message across. Ethnolects develop from Standard English, and
helps to express a user's identity through their language use and in–group solidarity within the
speech community.
There are a range of English varieties which are different from the Standard, developed from
communities of speakers all sharing the same use of language. Aboriginal English, a dialect of
Australian English, remains a lingua franca for their speakers, used as a common language to
communicate between tribes for mutual

English Language: Australia's Multicultural Society
Although English is the official language of Australia, Australia's multicultural society has created
many subcategories of Australian English. It can be broke down to different groups based on the
ethno–cultural groups such as Lebanese English or Greek English as well as Indigenous English.
However, Australian accents comprehensively were separated into broad, general, and cultivated
varieties (ABC, 2016). General accent represent the most common accents and it is natural and less
strong. Conversely, Broad accents are correlated with working–class speech and are quite strong,
but cultivated accents are partly close to British English. About 10 per cent of Australians speak like
ex–prime minister Bob Hawke which compatible with Broad Australian

Language And Its Impact On Children Development
Originally we think of language as an object, one made of words, sentences and grammar, sounds,
symbols and gestures that a society or community creates to communicate with one another.
However, reflecting on the above statement, language has deeper meaning and can show identity,
expression and cultural backgrounds within a person. It's an expression of who we are as people,
communities and nations. Though there are multiple things that impact the way in which we view,
learn and express language as adults and children. These include the use of language in the social
context it is being used from speaking with different people from professionals to friends, the
different types of English used from Australian English to Aboriginal English, ... Show more content
As teachers is it pressingly important that they should have a strong knowledge and understanding
of language and how to develop it for their students as language needs to be developed for
themselves but also the knowledge that it can be different for all. There are many variations of
language including the English language and Aboriginal English. Generally speaking, people might
say English is one language and that's all this is but this is incorrect. There are multiples in which
creates the variation in one language from the way it is pronounced making the sound different to
how it can be used and in what context. There are words such as grouse used mostly in Melbourne
as an Aussie slang for good or great that you don't hear often in Perth or other Australian states. The
dialect used in language can be varied but can be understood by many speakers. The most common
dialect is the one that is used by the most powerful people and dominant people in that society. This
is what would be taught in schools, used in the media and considered the correct English to be
spoken and written. Some aboriginal societies that are very remote and have less of an influence
from Australian English speakers is still quite strong compared to those aboriginals living closer to
more developed and structural civilizations. It is believed that there were over 250 Aboriginal
languages in which only about 90 are still spoken now. (NACLC Org, 2017). For aboriginal people
their

Example Of A Diglossic Situation
Bryan Tran
Professor Washburn
Linguistics 115
7 December 2015 Linguistics Final Project
A Diglossic Situation is where two varieties of a language co–exist within one society or
community. Both varieties are used in this community and is used based on different situations.
Diglossic situations occur where both languages are either termed a "high or low variety. Selecting
an official/national language can be difficult for a country that has many language and has had a
colonial past and can stir up social situation. An example of a diglossic situation is in India, where
there is a competition between the use of Hindi and English. This began nearly 175 years ago when
Thomas Babington Macaulay proposed the Macaulay's Minute, which was a ... Show more content
This example can be seen as an diglossic situation because Hindi and English are two varieties of a
language that co–exist within India and both languages have a determined high and low variety
where English is considered the high variety because of its use in government, education, business,
and entertainment and Hindi being the low variety because of its lower prestige.
A Race/Ethnicity Based Dialect is a characteristics of a particular group of language speakers
applying to their speech patterns based on their ethnic/cultural subgroup. An example of
race/ethnicity based dialect is standard Australian English. Australian English derived from British
English and was recognized as being different from British English in the early 1800s after founding
the colony of New South Wales. It is the dialect of Australian–born citizens as well as migrants who
arrived during childhood ("Ethnocultural Voices"). The children of immigrant families in Australia
adopt the speech patterns of the country they reside in rather from their parents because of they want
to conform to their peers. Multiculturalism in Australia came from immigration from Asia and the
Middle East that contributes to Australia's vast cultural diversity and expression of cultural identity
in Australia. Australian–born children are able to experience and embrace the cultural heritage and
express their identities through their Australian Ethnocultural dialects ("Ethnocultural Voices").

Essay On Australian Lexicon
Despite English being such a widely used language, no English is exactly the same. There are many
varieties of English all over the world each having its own syntactic, phonological, lexical,
sociolinguistic and pragmatic rules. In this essay the variety of English that will be discussed and
analysed will be Australian English (AE). It will cover the lexicon of A E, looking specifically at
slang and the origins and the types of slang. As well as this, the essay, will look at the pragmatics of
A E and the social interactions of Australians. Australians are widely known around the world for
their strange and sometimes hard to understand lexicon. The Australian lexicon is derived from
many points in Australian history, from the original Indigenous ... Show more content on
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The three main forms of slang are abbreviations, comparisons and substitutions. Abbreviations are
the most common and usually the easiest to understand. Abbreviations are made by shortening a
word usually adding a vowel to the end of the word. For example Mc Donald's is shortened to
Macca's, barbeque is shortened to barbie, and Australia can be shortened to Straya and Aussie. Some
of these abbreviations are even adopted by their company, such as Mc Donald's who now use
Macca's in their advertisements. Comparisons are made in A E and are usually used to create an odd
or strange image of the event that is taking place. These comparisons usually don't make any sense
to outsiders and foreigners, which in part of why they are used. For example 'flat out like a lizard
drinking' means when someone is very busy and is struggling to get things done, the comparison of
a lizard drinking is strange but can be a humorous contrast with a busy person. A substitution in
Australian slang is made by changing the word at the end of a phrase into something that rhymes.
For example, 'have a captain cook' means to 'have a look' and 'dog and bone' means 'phone'. This
form of slang is even more confusing then comparisons to outsiders, although it is not used as much
in modern

Assignment One. “To View Language As Though It Were An
Assignment One "to view language as though it were an object, devoid of the social context of its
creation and use, is to dislocate it from the field of human interaction within which language derives
the full quality of its meanings..." (Grugeon and Gardner 2000: 105) Language is a mixed bag of
contradictions which all of society use to address the specific needs of their group. A teacher's role
is extreme in the process of understanding language. It is not enough to merely consider the cultural
context in which the speaker emerges, teachers must understand the implications arising from such
circumstances, and how they present in the classroom. Socio–cultural factors such as religion, sex
and social class play a significant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, to grasp the full meaning of language, Gee conveys the need to view language as a three–
dimensional object, requiring human interaction and social context as the further dimensions.
Without human interaction and social context, language is merely an object void of any meaning. It
is hard to find any characteristics of society that plays a role as fundamental as language does
(Hudson, 1996, p. 4). Language is therefore seen as more than a tool to communicate. Language is
an identity used distinctly by different groups to recognise people with parallel values and beliefs
who share similar qualities. Vygotsky explains cognitive development as a 'socially mediated
activity' which occurs during social interaction (O'Donnell et al. 2016. p. 101). By providing us with
this description, Vygotsky is reinforcing the fundamental role our social settings play in contributing
to student's overall development. Gee explains an important factor of why he believes some student
's do not succeed in the classroom. A Discourse, as illustrated by Gee is a network of people that
shares a similar way of using language, of valuing, acting and thinking, these traits make the group
easily identifiable (Green, 2006. p.3). While there are many benefits of belonging to a group,
Children can be identified as failures if the Discourse is unfamiliar to them. All cultures are diverse
in one aspect or another. Many have different beliefs, ideologies and rules which help us identify
different

Critique Of A Classroom Context
Classroom Context
This Learning By Design (LBD) plan has been written for a Year 5 Class consisting of twenty–
seven (27) students, fourteen (14) boys and thirteen (13) girls. The student body consists of several
Year 5 prefects. Perfects are voted in students that take care of students in other younger grades and
set good examples for them. This class of students is based on student data in the learning area of
English. The data places students into five (5) different ability groups based on their English skills,
knowledge and understandings. The focus of this assessment is structured on the learning area
English based on vocabulary, decoding/word attack, fluency, comprehension of fiction/non–fiction
(or informational) texts and spelling. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The area of English is being taught in this assessment and will be viewed. The General Capabilities
of Literacy, ICT Capability, Critical and Creative Thinking, Personal and Social Capability, Ethical
Understanding and Intercultural Understanding will involved assist me to decide where to start. And
past years before Year 5 standards, current Year 5 standards and Year 6 standards will also assist me
in deciding what these students need to be successful learners.
The students of this Year 5 Class have been placed in five groups numbered 1–5 based on learning
data. Each group have been scored in English skills of vocabulary, decoding/word attack, fluency,
comprehension of fiction and non–fiction texts and spelling. Group 1 students, have good reading of
decoding/word attack and reading fluency and comprehension of fiction texts; and their vocabulary
is fair. Group 2 students, has no fair or good ratings of any of the English skills. Group 3 students,
had good reading of decoding/word attack and reading fluency and fair spelling. Groups 4 students
are fair in vocabulary, reading of decoding/word attack and spelling. Group 5 students, is good in all
English skills, except comprehension of informational texts is fair.
The above student prior knowledge and the student data will be the focal points of where I decide to
start my planning of English unit of work. A main focus will be on the poor student ratings in certain
English

The Australian Aboriginals are the Native People of Australia
Have you ever guessed what might have happened in the Australian past? The Australian
Aboriginals are natives of Australia and have lived there for many years. The Aborigine people have
roamed Australia, the free–flowing land, for years, developing many customs and aspects to an
interesting culture: language, body painting, beliefs, laws, music, hunting and art. The Australian
Aboriginals are the native people of Australia. They roamed the land for 40,000 years. The
Indigenous Aborigines lived as nomads, hunter–gatherers, and "with a strong dependence on the
land and their agriculture for survival (Ellie Crystal)". The Aborigine ways of life were interrupted
when Britain sent convicts to Australia. The Australian Aboriginal tribes ... Show more content on
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The Aboriginals trust him more than doctors. Ngnangkari understands the spiritual problem of
illness and performs spiritual rituals to relieve it. Totems are honored by clans and they symbolize
the plants, animals, ancestors, and thankfulness Aboriginals had for life. The Dreamings stood for
the powerful qualities of the species. Totems are usually passed on through generations of a family.
Aboriginal's laws believe in orderly living. Traditions and customs include; worshipping the
powerful beings and respecting nature and Earth. Aboriginal music takes a major role in their
culture. It is carried on by the generations by being performed at religious ceremonies and special
occasions. The didgeridoo is a particularly special instrument of the Aboriginals; it is a wind
instrument in the form of a long wooden tube that makes rhythmic accents of timbre and volume.
They traditionally made it from a hollow branch, which is shaped/blown in a particular way to make
a resonant sound. Each didgeridoo is about 4 feet long, playing beats to religious songs. Aboriginals
are skilled at tracking animals and hunting. Traditionally, men hunted with wooden spears and
boomerangs. A boomerang is a crescent–shaped instrument carved from wood with paintings of
animal designs. The idea of boomerangs originated in India and Egypt, but Australians designed the
boomerangs to return. It is a type of hunting club used to

Language In English Language
Although human beings can learn a lot about language from reading books and studying
grammatical conventions, purely analysing or studying a language as an object will not allow a
person to submerge themselves in the true social process and complexity of the language. Grudgeon
and Gardner (2000) use the analogy of language as a fish; the fish, itself is an organism to be
studied, but its true marvel becomes apparent when it swims. The fish represents the written,
structured conventional form of language, whereas human beings add another element as they shape
and morph language to suit their social environment, representing the fish in motion. A person
learning English as a second language may excel in a structured classroom environment, only to
find themselves confused in a real–world environment when fluent English speakers converse
dynamically using slang, sarcasm, jokes and inferred meanings. Children predominantly learn to
speak from social imitation and interaction (Gee & Hayes, 2011). Inferred meanings or social
semiotics are learnt through exposure and interaction, similar to learning the different meanings of
the traffic lights from repeated experience, until it becomes instinctive to stop at a red light.
Eventually, people react to the use of language subconsciously as opposed to literally interpreting
what the speaker is saying. Different dialects and formalities also add complexity to understanding
the use of language. A dialect is a variation of a language used

How Do Digital Media Affect The Classroom?
By picking language apart as if it were an object, simply looking at syntax, phonology, and
semantics you understand only a small part of it, you do not learn how it works when it is in people
's minds and mouths. In this essay I will firstly be explaining my understanding of the topic
sentence, as well as discussing how it is important for a teacher to understand language, both as an
object, as its parts as well as language as a whole, in motion. I will then be talking about how digital
media in the classroom can provide a way to involve all children overcoming the differences in
language they may have, but that a teacher would have to keep in mind that not all children will
have the same level of understanding and proficiency with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example the word stand. Most English speaking people know what the word means, but if
someone were to take a sentence with the word stand in it and pick it apart would they discover
what meaning is being used in that instance? Possibly, although it would be much easier and faster
to look at the sentence as a whole, the context, who is saying or writing it, and what is their body
language (if available) like? A teacher talking to a student in their classroom would likely say 'please
stand up ', and everyone there would recognize that they meant stand in it 's literal, physical
meaning, while a controversial person in front of a crowd shouting 'stand up ' would thought to have
meant stand up in what you believe in, stand up in the metaphorical sense rather than literal,
however if simply looking at the two sentences ( 'please stand up ' and 'stand up ') and focusing only
on the parts the true meanings become hard to discern. Therefore it is evident that while much can
be learnt by picking a language apart and seeing how all the parts work together much more can be
understood by watching and listening to language in motion, through people speaking (in person or
recording), writing, and body language.
In any given classroom there will be children from

Emerging English Learners
Homes all across Australia speak more than one language. This includes the large amount of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander languages and dialects present across the country. The growing
diversity of Australia is reflected in the amount of students who are classified as EAL/D learners.
EAL/D learners are students whose first language is either a dialect or language other than English.
Children are taught their first language/s (L1) at home this is known as their mother– tongue.
Children may be taught two languages at once from the time of infancy this is called bilingualism.
Regardless of what these languages are each and every children will learn the same way. The
learning process is done gradually and takes at least 8 years to become ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These students may find it very difficult to participate in English tasks and will quickly tire when
constantly having to converse in English.
Emerging English learners have a basic knowledge of English and also know other language or
dialects. These students are more capable of participating in classroom tasks and contributing to
discussions. However they still struggle with written and oral tasks and need a lot more
concentration than those with English as their first language.
Developing English learners have a clearer understanding of English and actively participate in
classroom tasks. With this higher knowledge of English they are able to concentrate for longer
periods and have a developing proficiency in written English. These students can also create longer
pieces of spoken or written language. However are still grasping the English rules of grammar and
expanding their vocabulary.
Consolidating English learners have a sound proficiency in English and are able to concentrate on
all classroom tasks including extensive teacher talks. These students also have knowledge of the
production of different structures and purposes of written and oral English and are able to produce
them

Analysis Of Indigenous Literacy Strategies
Indigenous Literacy Strategies
According to Harris and Sellwood (2016, p. 140), throughout history and "in all years of school, the
average literacy levels for Indigenous students are far lower than the average levels for Australian
students as a whole." Moreover, the Closing the Gap campaign acknowledges the statistics from the
NAPLAN tests that indicate that Indigenous students are falling behind in literacy skills compared
to non–Indigenous pupils (Australian Government, 2017). Therefore, the campaign's target is that by
2018 to halve the gap for Indigenous children in reading, writing and numeracy. There are many
factors that contribute to the lower literacy skills of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
Some of the factors

Language Is A Complex Tool Used By Humans
INTRODUCTION
Language is a complex tool used by humans to convey meaning, express emotion and pass down
information, it is a multi–faceted entity that is found in many forms. Language does not just mean
the spoken language used in everyday life to express intent, ask questions, identify objects and
convey feelings, but includes body language, such as facial expression and hand gestures, and
written language. Body language is used both consciously and unconsciously to express emotion
and feeling without speaking and can be combined with oral language to enhance or change
meaning. Written language allows humans to visually record information, pass down ideas and
connect people from great distances. These are by no means the only forms that language is found
in, digital language, sign language, tactile language, religious language, mathematical language,
musical language and many more are all forms of language.
While there are many forms of language, individual languages are very complex and varied. While
languages have a standard accepted form (for example Standard Australian English) they also have
different dialects, which are forms of a language that are particular to a specific region or social
group (Oxford Dictionary). English, for example, comprises many dialects including British
English, American English, Canadian English, South African English and Australian English. These
variants of English have vocabulary and grammar differences that make them unique from each

The Decline Of Standard Australian English
According to Ethnologue, there is reportedly '7 097 living languages worldwide' (Simons, 2016)
furthermore; Anderson (2012) explains the decline of the number of languages worldwide as being
due to the growth of the major languages; a lesser utilised language dies when it ceases to be learnt
by children. Standard Australian English (SAE) is the language used by the majority of the
Australian population and its Government. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics; with a
population of over 21.5 million people less than a quarter of them speak a language other than
English in their home and that quarter includes the speaking of about 145 Indigenous Australian
languages; a number which has decreased from the 250 or so Indigenous Australian

Anh Do's Autobiography 'The Happiest Refugee'
Students study a range of courses through the analysis of text types, in our school's Year Nine
English curriculum. They have studied poetry in the course of "Australian Identity", in which it gave
an insight into conflicts, customs and multiculturalism in Australia. Despite that, all they have learnt
is just the tip of the iceberg, and that as a multicultural school, they should have a deeper
understanding of the experiences of refugees who have made Australia their home. It is why Anh
Do's autobiography, 'The Happiest Refugee', should be included for study in a Year nine English
course, by you, the English faculty.
The book is an emotional and humorous autobiography, which circulates around the life of Anh Do,
now a prominent Australian comedian and presenter. It follows his family's escape from communist
Vietnam, and explores Do's newfound life in Australia. The book sees ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This pertains to the majority of them, seeing how they come from many backgrounds. 'The Happiest
Refugee' shows the struggles of living in a country of oppression, and in a foreign nation, as a
refugee. It educates students about their own cultural history, and how they are fortunate enough to
have a safe life in Australia. Studying the autobiography allows students to understand their culture
and roots, and how we can live up to being a multicultural school.
The theme of racism in 'The Happiest Refugee' makes it an ideal text to study in a year nine English
course. It plays a big part in Anh Do's life, and as a refugee, he was constantly subject to racial
abuse throughout his life. It informs us about the omnipresent issue of racism in Australia, and our
ever fluctuating attitudes towards other cultures. Therefore, 'The Happiest Refugee' should be
included for study in a year nine English course, because it concerns an immoral issue that is present
in Australian

Informative Influences On The Victimization Of American...
Without a doubt, our language usage is becoming increasingly casual. Some argue that this is due to
the influence of American culture. While it is not pervasive, the assimilation of American culture in
Australia can be partly responsible for this trend. However, the predominant reason for our informal
language use is due to increasing connectivity through social media and other modern
communication services. Despite this trend, the register of discourses is still dictated by the context
and setting of the situation.
American culture influences the informality of language that Australians employ in everyday life to
some degree, especially for the younger generations. Australians watch a large number of American
movies and TV shows, arguably even more than Australian–based entertainment. This has led to the
adoption of informal American colloquialisms such as 'bro', 'whatever' and 'chill out' by many
Australians. In addition, Bruce Moore remarks, 'Contemporary teenspeak comes from the world of
teenage popular culture, and this culture is largely American'. Teenagers are more open to change
and actively follow new popular trends in vocabulary. Most of these latest developments in
language have originated in America, as it contains 60% of the Anglosphere population. Therefore,
it is no surprise ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
'Netspeak' aims to communicate information as efficiently as possible, utilizing examples such as
the acronym 'ASAP 'and the ellipsis 'Talk later' to improve economy of expression. Some teenagers
even adopt this language in informal spoken settings, which further spreads its usage among the
Australian public. Even older generations who are not familiar with social media and prefers face–
to–face communication uses 'netspeak' when talking with youths in order to be more relatable while
reducing their social

The Importance Of Assisting Students With Eal / D
The demographics of Australia are constantly changing and the rise in families from many different
countries settling in Australia is continually increasing. This is evident in the growing number of
students requiring English as an Additional Language (EAL/D) support throughout Australian
schools. EAL/D students often struggle with adapting to the Australian school setting due to a
number of factors including their lack of understanding in the English language and their own
individual experiences such as culture, beliefs, values and experiences (Hertzberg, 2012, pp. 15–21).
This essay will discuss different means of assisting students with EAL/D in order to establish the
necessary English language skills to learn and understand what is being taught as well as key
learning area vocabulary, content and language, based on the Australian Curriculum (Australian
Curriculum and Assessment Reporting Authority [ACARA], 2014, p. 6). Regardless of background,
culture, values or traditions, all students in the classroom setting have the right to access a
constructive learning experience. The role of the teacher is the most vital in ensuring EAL/D
students have the same learning opportunities as their English speaking counterparts. In Australian
schools, learning is achieved and demonstrated through English, therefore it is essential for
educators to be competent in teaching all students, including those who are bilingual or multilingual,
from all backgrounds, with varying

Australia Religion Essay
Australia ranks 7th overall and top in the Asia–Pacific region, and has identified tourism as one of
four national investment priorities. With attractions from the Great Barrier Reef to Kangaroo Island
and the largest number of World Heritage natural sites, it ranks 2nd globally on natural resources. It
is also one of the top three destinations for leisure and entertainment, according to digital demand.
Australia has made significant progress on visa requirements (49th), including an expansion of the
online visa application system and self–processing border entry facilities for U.S. and U.K. e–
passport holders. It remains strong in its openness of bilateral air service agreements (5th) and air
transport infrastructure (4th), though it needs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Religion: Obviously, religion is a strong cultural factor, but most important for search marketers is
the way this divides different areas of countries. The state of Bavaria in Germany is strongly
catholic, for instance, whereas the rest of Germany is largely protestant. Nearby Austria follows
Bavaria's example. You could argue that Bavaria and Austria have more in common than the rest of
Germany.
Australia the Australian population is predominantly Christian. In an optional question on the 2011
Census, 61.1% of the Australian population declared some variety of Christianity. the percentage
has been far higher and the religious landscape of Australia is changing and diversifying. Also in
2011, 22.3% of Australians stated "no religion" and the remaining population is a diverse group
which includes Buddhists (2.5%), Muslims (2.2%), Hindus (1.3%) and Jews (0.5%).
Malaysia
Malaysia is a multicultural and multi confessional country. As of the 2010 Population and Housing
Census, 61.3 percent of the population practices Islam; 19.8 percent Buddhism; 9.2 percent
Christianity 6.3 percent Hinduism; and 1.3 percent traditional Chinese religions. The remainder is
accounted for by other faiths, including Animism, Folk religion, Sikhism and other belief systems.
Numbers of self–described atheists in Malaysia are few the state has come under criticism from
human rights organizations for its discrimination against

Typical Australian
The Australian Identity I am here today to discuss our Australian Identity. How do you imagine a
typical Australian? Maybe you see a blonde haired, blue eyed surfing babe? Or a bushman who
drinks Bushels tea and four X beers while munching on some snags cooked on the BBQ? Or
perhaps you see someone like Steve Irwin, our iconic crocodile hunter. Or do you picture the movie
"Crocodile Dundee?" Australians are stereotyped and our typical Australian is usually imagined to
be male. (Click) Russell Ward, well known author, portrays his view of the traditional Aussie as a
practical man who is rough, tough bushman that holds true friendship and loyal spirits. Today I will
be analysing two poems and one play and determining whether they are ... Show more content on
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The reader is able to imagine the horses running wild and the Australian bushman chasing after
them. (Click) Typical Australian language and slang is used. Words and phrases such as "bushmen
love hard riding where the wild bush horses are" and "And he swung his stockwhip round" help
communicate to the reader attitudes, values and beliefs of the true Australian spirit and mateship.
Throughout the story, the mood is exciting and fast–paced with tense anticipation, leading up to the
exciting climatic victory. In this poem, women and children are marginalised. The bushman riders
are men and during those times the women and children stayed at home while the men worked
during the day. "The Man from Snowy River" is a ballad which reinforces the typical Australian
Identity, as the rough and tough man who is willing to take risks and challenges. The hero in this
poem is brave, resourceful and thrill–seeking, displaying the qualities that Russell Ward describes as
being part of the mythical Australian Identity. (Click) The One Day of the Year is a celebrated
Australian play written by Alan Seymour in 1960. The play recounts the story of the Cook family
around Anzac day. Alf, an aging digger, who served in WW1, celebrates Anzac Day with a few
beers his and mate Wacka Dawson Hughie (Alf's son) is attending university where he meets his
girlfriend Jan. Hughie feels embarrassed and ashamed

Balance Literacy And Numeracy Program
This resource is an externally available lesson plan from the Balance Literacy and Numeracy
program. This program can be used in Year 2 as it clearly explains how to teach the essential mode
of literacy which covers reading. The lesson plan is designed so it can be used to explicitly teach
reading using different approaches like group discussion, modelling and role–play, in which the
teacher requires the Year 2 students to participate through discussion. Using group discussion, the
teacher will be able to assess student through the observation checklist (Mead & Rubin, 1985) as it
is a great tool to assess students on their speaking and listening skills (O'Sullivan et al., 2006; Levy
& Stockwell, 2006). As Shape of the Australian Curriculum:

How Informal Language Affect Australian Society
Discuss how informal language functions in Australian society. Refer to at least two subsystems.
British linguist David Crystal once said "languages that don't change are dead ones", and the
evolution of English language; not only in Australia, but on a global scale has developed in such a
way that formal language is progressively becoming obsolete, whilst informal language is
transforming into an increasingly contemporary form of written and spoken communication. The
wide utilisation of informal language especially in modern–day Australian society functions to aid
in the building of rapport, as well as enabling an increased association of an individual 's identity
with the richness of Australian culture. Although this is clearly evident ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This in turn ensures that when these words are stated there is less likely to be a situation where they
violate the face values of a particular individual as they have lost their sense of vulgar. This in turn
ensures that the face needs of all interlocutors involved in a discourse are respected, which enables
effective rapport building to occur within a particular sociolect or in Australian society in general.
The wide employment of informal language in modern–day civilization also allows for an
individual 's association with their cultures identity and values to be increased dramatically; which
is especially vital in countries like Australia. This is clearly evident through a wide use of
colloquialisms and slang lexemes that contribute to the social identity of Australia. For example
lexemes such as "mate" and "g'day" are widely present in the Australian English vernacular and
these relate wholly to the sense of solidarity and openness that is intricate to Australian culture. This
is evident through the word "mate" which has been utilised instead of more formal lexemes such as
"sir" or "madam", which were more popular in the past as a way of showing another person that
they are friends or that they are considered important, which clearly respects their positive face
needs. The lexeme g'day" on the other hand is regularly used as an opening in a discourse between
Australian members of the community of similar social class. This

Communication Skills Needed Throughout A Child 's...
The main form of communication in society is spoken language, supported and enhanced by the
delivery of gestures, facial expressions, body posture and movement (Fellowes & Oakley, 2014, pp.
18–19). To be able to understand language a child will first need to understand speech. Both
expressive and receptive oral language are important for communication skills needed throughout a
child's schooling (2014, p. 19). Children learn to copy and produce meaningful speech gradually and
decode language used by people around them (2014, p. 20).
Joining both– Semiotic systems are ways meanings are communicated between people, and both
spoken and written language are part of one semiotic system (Anstey & Bull, cited in Fellowes &
Oakley, 2014, p. 19).
Written–
Depending on the purpose and audience, written genres can be either expressive/imaginative or
factual (Emmitt, 2010, p. 77). The expressive/imaginative genre delivers feelings in an imaginative
way including journals, poetic–literacy and narratives (2010, p. 77). Factual types convey
information through reports, descriptions and textbooks (2010, p. 77). Digital technologies are
changing communication through written language with text messages, emails, Facebook and now
Twitter which has a limited 140 characters per 'tweet' (2010, p. 77). Digital media are returning
language to "conversational, interactive, here–and–now foundations" as well as using metaphors,
concrete images in virtual worlds (Gee & Hayes, 2011, p. 6).

Diversity Of English Throughout The Classroom
Diversity of English is forever adapting and advancing across the world and within the classroom
over the centuries. As year digress and new influences are introduced completely changing the way
linguistic skills develop and how socially we use different devices and skills passed on from
different generations older or younger. Establishing so many variations of English's ,different
cultures have quickly developed from each generation with a more adapted vocabulary having been
influenced from different forms of behaviour and social practices. The impact on Englishes rather
than English today and understanding Multi–literacies rather than Literacy, how quickly its
developed to the 21st century and how it's brought into the classrooms by teachers implicating
different learning practices for the new generations of students to understand and learn from. Words
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, it changes because the needs of its speakers change. New technologies, new products, and new
experiences require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently." (Betty Birner,2012) Today
Children travel and move across the world bringing with them different cultures and Literacies
influenced by Parents, schools and Interacting socially. In every Country there are levels of
speaking, socially how others communicate using different phrases and words to differentiate
certain objects or to identify a certain sex. Certain words or phrases have attached different
meanings relating to different objects for example: 'Sweater' In America means ' Jumper' to an
Australian. Both Languages have the same

Sign Language Analysis
1. Introduction
Language is more than the knowledge and use of words, both in speech and in text; it is a cultural
identity, a signifier of status, a means of personal expression. Language enables people to share their
thoughts and needs, establish a dialogue with each other and work together. Language is not just
confined to the worlds of speech and printed text, there are many ways in which people are able to
communicate such as Australian Sign Language, Braille, cultural skills, customs and art (Emmitt,
Pollock & Komesaroff, 2010, p. 52). Aboriginal dreamtime paintings are an example of language as
art, a skill passed down through thousands of generations, with different symbols that have ascribed
meanings and are used in an artwork to tell ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This juxtaposition of cultural identities is especially apparent in schools where children arrive with
their already learned cultural language and are often expected by their educators and peers to learn
and use standard Australian English. In early childhood, language is the primary tool with which
children learn cultural knowledge, norms and skills (Gee, 2011, p. 16), strongly informing their
cultural identity. Children who are bilingual, or multilingual, often demonstrate enhanced language
skills gained from their ability to switch between languages (Adoniou, 2014; Fellowes et al., 2014,
p. 39), but these children are not always understood and supported. When educators dismiss the
languages of students who speak English variants or languages other than English at home, they risk
underestimating and disempowering those students (Adoniou, 2014; Caruso, 1997, p. 93). It is vital
that instead of requiring students to assimilate, to learn and to use the language register of the school
or classroom, educators should be supporting students for whom English is not a first language, or
who speak an English variant (Pandey, 2012, p. 388). Educators should be valuing the qualities,
abilities and strengths these students bring to the classroom (Emmitt et al., 2010, p. 53), as well as
educating their monolingual students about

Language And Culture : Language As But It Were An Object
In the above statement, Grugeon and Gardner criticise those who 'view language as though it were
an object'. By describing language as an object, it gives the impression of something static;
incapable of growth or adaptation. In the author's view, to think of language in this way disregards
the different meanings that words can have in different social contexts. Language is a constantly
evolving tool for communication and while many view it as though it is a constant framework, static
and unchanging, the truth is that language is always developing and changing. To get the most out of
language we must view it not as a strict set of rules; rather we should view it as the socio–cultural
construct that it is. Language and culture are closely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When children play with other children they learn and develop social skills through the interactions
they have. Additionally, they will learn unfamiliar words and phrases by taking in the words and
phrases vocalised by the other children they are interacting with (Villarroel, 2015). Children may be
more eager to cooperate in a classroom that uses play based learning methods as the additional
stimulation can maintain their interest for longer. With this in mind, teachers in an early childhood
environment should not only encourage play in a classroom environment, they should set time for it
in class and organise lesson plans with play based learning methods in mind. Examples of play
based learning in an early childhood setting include: Role playing to learn about a particular
historical figure, learning times tables through song or simply encouraging children to group up and
use their imaginations during recess. From a social interactionist perspective, the most important
influence on language development for a child will be adult figures that have a significant presence
in their lives. The child will learn language through communication with that adult and the
conversations the two have together will help model language to the child to stimulate growth. A
parent, grandparent or carer might assist the child to expand their vocabulary through the

Year 8 Economics Syllabus
Rationale: The following is a plan on two consecutive lessons in Year 8 Economics. The curriculum
covers the 'participation and influences in the market place', and the students will learn how
resources are allocated through market exchange and the role of consumers, producers and the
government in a market economy (School Curriculum and Standards Authority [SCSA], n.d.). The
primary goal of these two lessons is to explain why well–defined private property rights and the
enforcement of law by the government are key to market exchange. The first lesson uses the
Indigenous Australian's deprivation from wages in WA from late 19th century to 1970s as a case
study to examine the importance of basic labour right protection. The concept can then be
generalized and applied to private property rights as the foundation of a market economy. The
second lesson proceeds to discuss the role of the government in a market economy. In addition to
supplying public and under–produced goods as stated in the curriculum (SCSA, n.d.), the
government ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
120–123). Students will categorise the impacts of stolen wages into economic and social aspects
through watching several interviews of Aboriginal victims in WA, and reach a conclusion that
market cannot function properly without clearly–defined private property rights. The second lesson
applies community–link (Yunkaporta and McGinty, 2009, as cited in Perso and Hayward, 2015, p.
123). Stolen wages is an appropriate case which teaches students the responsibilities of the
government and the rights of market participants, and many contemporary issues including the land
rights and hunting rights involve Indigenous Australians. The lesson will enable students to
understand how the rights their countrymen as market participants have to be protected. EAL/D

Australian English and National Identity
What does Australian English look and sound like today, and how does it reflect our identity as a
nation?
Language use in Australia constantly and rapidly changes to reflect the ever–evolving Australian
national identity. It is being influenced by American culture, through its pervasive media, and
altered to create a unique identity that addresses the needs of the younger Australians. Technology,
the loss and gain of expressions, changing perception of taboo words and political correctness also
attribute to the way that language has evolved to fabricate our national identity. American culture is
increasingly affecting the way Australians use language. The dominance and omnipresence of the
US entertainment industry, be it film, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many young Australians no longer use or are even familiar with many rich and expressive
expressions of Australian culture that the older would have regularly used. Idioms and expressions
like 'beyond the black stump' and 'you've got Buckley's' have become unknown to many young
Australians. However, Australian expressions are not just on the decline in the youth population.
New expressions are also being coined, though many are much ruder, like 'as much chance as
pushing shit uphill with a rubber fork' or 'face like a festered pickle' have also added character to
Australian English and accelerated linguistic evolution, particularly when used in preference to
older expressions by the young. As Bruce Moore says, "Australian English is central to the process
of giving voice to our Australian identity: in important ways, we are what we speak, and we are how
we speak". This great transformation in the expression–use by the people of Australia will define
our linguistic identity in the future and reflects clearly our evolving national identity and who we
choose to be.
The national identity of Australia has also developed strangely when dealing with taboo, especially
with the younger Australians. Many youths no longer find many profanities as rude or taboo as the
older generations, in particular with words like "fuck", "shit" and "bloody" which used to be packed
with a certain punch. In fact, many of these words are actually used as interjections ("Shit! No
way!"),

Summary Of A Different Drum By Simon Tong
Simon Tong's short story, ''The Beat of a Different Drum'' explores the journey of a young boy
immigrating from Hong Kong to Australia with a lack of knowledge of the Australian culture and
tradition. Through the ambiguous understanding of his unwelcoming classmates, he is victimized to
the extent that he feels both violated and humiliated, emphasised by the fact that he is unable to
express his feelings in English. These feelings result in him becoming increasingly insecure and
irritated as he has become confused and alienated. The rich vocabulary and literary techniques
enabled Simon's short story to become more relatable to the audience by exploring the common
adolescent crisis of ''Being Different''.
During Simon's first playground experience, he was bombarded with the unexpected questions of
students who seemed to want to befriend him. Beginning with innocent questions, ''Are you from
Japan?'' ... ''Are you from China?'', quickly revolved into immature and offensive questions such as,
''Ching–Chong Chinaman!'' ... ''Do you wipe your arse?''. Simon's agitation quickly became evident
when he states that he, ''dodged, weaved and parried'', the questions like a ''barrage of blows''. Tong
uses boxing metaphors to compare the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simon's main difference to his peers is compounded by the fact that he was unable to speak English
which restricts the chances of him interacting with anyone. This is evident when he asked, ''If I
couldn't express myself, then who was myself?'' The rhetorical question demonstrates that Simon
lacks the verbal knowledge to defend himself, which results into him feeling lonely and puzzled.
Through the lack of knowledge of language skills, he gets treated "like a little kid or baby'', the
simile highlighting that Simon feels displeased when the students used simple words to mock and
interact with him as they are assuming he is stupid and

Why Do We Lose Australian Identity

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