Innovation index analysis

1. Assessment of Indian innovation and competitive index
Dr. P.B.Reddy

2. WIPO is a self funded agency under the United Nations, WIPO is to
promote the creation of intellectual property, which fosters the
economic development of nations. It helps administer various
agreements and treaties that intend to harmonize intellectual
property laws worldwide.
TRIPS (Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights) is an agreement between member
nations to protect the various aspects of
Intellectual Property

3. World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO) publishes global innovation index.
India is at the 40th position in the list of
top 50 innovative countries in 2022.
Key Findings
•India is the innovation leader in the lower middle-income
group.
•It continues to lead the world in ICT services exports and holds
top rankings in other indicators, including:
• Venture capital receipt value,
• Finance for startups and scaleups,
• Graduates in science and engineering,
• Labour productivity growth
• Domestic industry diversification.
•Performance in 2020:
• Earlier in 2020, India entered into the top 50 in 2020 and

4. As per the Global Innovation Index 2021 ranking, India is the top innovative
country in central and south Asia and holds the record for over-performing on
innovation relative to its level of development for the 11th year in a row. Scientific
wings like the Department of Atomic Energy, Department of Science and
Technology, Department of Biotechnology, and the Department of Space have
played a pivotal role in enriching the national innovation ecosystem, It added
that a constant thrust on monitoring and evaluating India’s position in the
global rankings has been provided by the NITI Aayog.
Meanwhile, praising India’s efforts, the GII report said that selected middle-
income economies are changing the innovation landscape, starting with China;
Turkey, Vietnam, India, and the Philippines now pulling their weight.
“Beyond China, these four particularly large economies together have the
potential to change the global innovation landscape for good,” the report
added.

5.  Innovation really is the core reason for modern existence.
Innovation is important to help the world grow and develop.
The future success of any country or organisation is dependent on
innovation. innovation allows organizations to stay relevant in the competitive
market, it also plays an important role in economic growth. The ability to
resolve critical problems depends on new innovations and especially
developing countries need it more than ever.
 Developing countries need the infrastructure of innovation to continue
developing (Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat).
In order to keep ideas and technology fresh and current, innovation must
constantly be improved.
 The speed of innovation in the developed world seems to be at a breakneck
speed, in every industry.


6.  Developing countries depend on innovation as new digital technologies and innovative
solutions create huge opportunities to fight sickness, poverty and hunger in the poorest regions
of the world.
 Innovation in the developing world can best be promoted within incubators, innovation
hubs, skilled human capital, innovation challenges, that all create an access to capital. They are
structured programs and collectives that allow for the sharing of costs and resources, which is
crucial in the developing world as capital.
 Communication and educational accessibility
 agricultural productivity
 Health care
 Environmental sustainability
key practical benefits of innovation: : Increased competitive advantage and continuous
innovation often has a direct impact on performance and profitability.
•improved productivity.
•reduced costs.
•increased competitiveness.
•improved brand recognition and value.
•new partnerships and relationships.

8. As of 18 October 2022, these four types of
universities total 1056 universities together.
India has over 45,000 degree colleges, over
1056 universities and around 1500 top
institutes. The number of Indian institutes
registered for the NIRF rankings have
steadily increased over the years. In 2020,
3,800 institutes participated in NIRF
Rankings; in 2021, the number was 6000,
and in 2022, the number is 7,254.

21. India has climbed two spots to 46 in
the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2021
prepared by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO).
The country’s rank has been
consistently rising in the last few years.
From 81 in 2015, it has moved to 46 in
2021.

25. India has 255 researchers per million
population as compared to 8,342 in
Israel 7,899 in Denmark; 7,597 in
Sweden; 7,498 in Korea; 6,722 in
Finland; 6,636 in Singapore; 6,489 in
Norway and 5,304 in Japan. However,
the total numbers of researchers in
India are 3.42 lakh as compared to

31. India evolving its scientific policies
• It is the Framework of Industry-University Linkage in Research but new.
•In December, 2020, the Ministry of Science & Technology Department of Science &
Technology Science, released the Technology, and Innovation Policy (STIP).
•In January 2021, the 5th National Science Technology and Innovation Policy draft was
released, seeking to establish a future-looking, broad open science framework to
provide access to scientific data, information, knowledge, and resources to everyone in
the country and all who are engaging with the Indian STI ecosystem on an equal
partnership basis.
•The Union Budget FY 2021-22 announced a deal of new initiatives to boost Innovation
and R&D in the country, including National Research Foundation Outlay of Rs 50,000
crore, over 5 years.
•The Budget 2022 set the tone for establishing India as a global tech innovation hub. In
the budget, the government adopted a sector specific approach for key sectors like

32. India is still a small player on the world stage in science, as the big fish – US, China, UK,
Germany …– are well ahead of the others.
But the country is improving rapidly, and this improvement is seen to be the result of
consistent financial and policy support over the last decade and a half, beginning early in
the millennium.
Expressing concern over India's spending on defense research, the standing committee on defence has
stated that even in view of the increasing threat perception, the country is well behind nations like the
US and China.
India's spending on defense research continues to be sluggish over the last five years and accounts for
less than one per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP).
"It was 0.088 per cent in 2016-17, which has come down to 0.083 per cent in 2020-21," the report
noted, India Today reported.

37. Pull Factors for brain drain
Better standard of living and life quality:
Friendly Policies of developed countries for talented youngsters : France has offered citizenship to frontline
immigrant healthcare workers during the pandemic. Apart from that, the ageing demography of developed
nations is also a reason.
All this made India a net exporter of Brain.
Measures have been taken by the Government to tackle the brain drain from India
The Government has launched many programs to reduce brain drain from India These include,
Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE) Programme: The programme aims to attract talented youth to the study of
science at an early stage and build the required critical human resource pool for strengthening and expanding the Science & Technology system and
R&D base.
The Ramanujan Fellowship: It is meant for brilliant Indian scientists from outside India to take up scientific research positions in India.
The Ramalingaswamy Fellowship: It provides a platform to scientists who are willing to return and work in India.
Vaishvik Bharatiya Vaigyanik (VAIBHAV) summit: Under this, Numerous overseas Indian-origin academicians and Indians participated to form
ideas on innovative solutions to several challenges.
Triad of Scheme for Transformational and Advanced Research in Sciences (STARS), Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research
Collaboration (SPARC) and Impactful Policy Research in Social Science (IMPRESS): Common objective is to boost India specific research in social
and pure sciences.
What must be done to limit brain drain from India?
India must tap the reservoir of talent abroad rather than trying to actively constrain the emigration.
Adequate investment in Cutting edge technologies and research: Government should frame a policy with the aim of increasing total GERD
(Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) to 2% of India’s GDP. The government has to create more cutting-edge research facilities to bring talented
people back to India.
For example, About 20 NRI doctors from the US and Europe relocated to Kolkata to set up the West bank Hospital as it has high-tech equipment
and facilities.
Focus on education and employment: India has too few institutions of excellence and of professional studies. No country has gone up the wealth
ladder without widespread availability of both good public education and regular, skilled employment. So focus must be on creating institutions of
excellence in education and skilling.
Global partnerships in innovation: Global innovation partnerships need to be strengthened by enhancing public-private partnership mechanisms
and increased public funds should be earmarked for joint industrial R&D projects.
Idea-to-market challenge: Government needs to create a special fund to help Indian innovations to advance their start-ups during difficult times
and become successful, instead of moving abroad for employment opportunities.
It is high time that instead of attracting foreign nationals to work here, India focuses on retaining its brightest minds, who are assisting other
countries in achieving technological and economical breakthroughs. So, building a world-class public education infrastructure and coupling it with

38. Reasons for brain drain from India
Push factors for brain drain
Lack of Higher education opportunities: It is one of the major reasons for permanent immigration.
Considering the skyrocketing cut-offs for top Indian universities, many students explore higher education
abroad. They have an advantage over students from other countries in terms of skills and knowledge.
Both poverty and prosperity can lead to emigration. For example, the new international airport
planned in Uttar Pradesh will lead to a near-demographic certainty – quicker mass emigration from that
region – just as international airports in Kochi, Kannur, Kozhikode and Thiruvananthapuram connected
Kerala closer to the Gulf.
Low spending in research: India’s Gross domestic expenditure on research has stayed at 0.7% of the
GDP for years. India has one of the lowest GERD/GDP ratios among the BRICS nations. So, the talented
youth migrate to other countries to prove their talent and continue their research.
Low Wages: Developed countries offer better wages compared to India. For example, nurses in India
receive low wages in private sector outfits. Also, they have only fewer opportunities in the public sector
(Low employment due to lower number of hospitals in the public sector). So, they generally migrate to
developed countries that offer better wages.
Non-recognition of talents: Despite the citizen’s academic or potential achievement, they don’t get the
same name and fame as film actors and cricketers in India. So, the talented individuals move to better
places that recognize and respect their talents.

39. The World Competitiveness
Ranking is based on 333
competitiveness criteria
selected as a result of
comprehensive research using
economic literature,
international, national and
regional sources and feedback
from the business community,
government agencies and
academics. The criteria are
revised and updated on a
regular basis as new theory,
research and data become
available and as the global
economy evolves.

42. 1. Prior approval: Organizing the Events and seminar require MEA for prior approval.
2. Participation of ministers / government officials /scientists/doctors in online /virtual/physical international
conferences/seminars/training etc is possible only with prior approval.

44. Conclusions
 The main purpose of innovation is to improve people’s lives.
 Ancient scientific knowledge, including the Vedas and traditional medicine, are a
testament to India's innovative spirit.
Small improvements eventually lead to bigger and better ideas that may one day become
revolutionary.
 Often, getting started is the hardest part as there are many ways to approach innovation.
. To further strengthen innovation, the center introduced the National Education Policy
2020 to encourage youth to develop solutions to society's problems.
•Taking all the stakeholders on board:
• every stakeholder needs to be represented appropriately.
•Interdisciplinary and international collaborations are the need of the hour, to ensure maximum
impact and outcome.
•Promoting Best Practices: The states that have consistently shown strong performance and
the areas of strength for various states need to be critically analysed and the knowledge of the
best practices needs to be disseminated to promote innovation.
•Focus on Challenges: The critical challenges faced by the low performing states and the areas
of weaknesses of various states need to be identified to promote economic well being, by fostering