2. “We have to make the
21st century the century
of India. The country has
to be ahead of developed
countries. Our world is
going to change.”
—PM Narendra Modi
4. Why India?
• Largest producer of spices, pulses, milk, tea, cashew and
jute, and the second-largest producer of wheat, rice, fruits
and vegetables, sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds.
• India had the largest livestock population of around 535.8
million, which translated to around 31% of the world’s
livestock population in 2019.
• Food and grocery market in India is the sixth-largest in the
world. Food processing industry contributes 32% to this
food market and is also one of the largest industries in the
country, contributing 13% to total export and 6% of
industrial investment.
5. Agriculture and India’s Economy
• Primary source of livelihood for 44.6% of the population.
• A share of 18.8% of India’s Gross Value Added.
• Recorded a growth rate of 3.9%.
7. Focus Areas to Work
• United Nations General Assembly declared 2023 the
International Year of Millets
• Millets are Smart Food with high nutritional value, are
climate resilient, and align with several UN Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).
• These are also important by virtue of their mammoth
potential to generate livelihood, increase farmers’ income
and ensure food & nutritional security all over the world
• Require less water and agricultural inputs than other
staple crops.
Millet Economy
8. India’s Contribution
• India produces more than 50.9 million tones of millet which
accounts for 80 per cent of Asia’s and 38 per cent of global
production.
• The global average yield is 1229 kg/ha, whereas India has a
higher average yield of 1239 kg/ha.
• The Government notified Millets as Nutri-cereals in April
2018.
• India witnessed more than 500 startups growing in this
sector.
11. Science+Technology+Defence
Science encompasses the systematic study of the structure
and behaviour of the physical and natural world through
observation and experiment, and technology is the
application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
National security, or national defence, is the security
and defence of a sovereign state, including its citizens,
economy, and institutions, which is regarded as a duty
of government.
What about Science and
Technology?
What about Defence?
12. Current situation & problems
Science and Technology
•In November 2022, Norwest Venture Partners agreed to invest US$ 32 million in Celebal
Technologies, which specializes in AI, big data, and enterprise cloud among other
technologies. In exchange, Norwest Venture Partners will acquire a minority stake in the
company.
•In August 2022, a center of excellence (CoE) for the Metaverse and Web3 technologies
was opened in India by Coforge, a provider of digital services and solutions. Over 1,000
people will be trained and upskilled by the company.
Defence
•India’s defence manufacturing sector recorded increased production to US$ 11.85 billion in
FY22 from US$ 10.9 billion in FY21.
•India’s defence production stood at Rs. 17, 885 crore (US$ 2.24 billion) in FY 2022-23
(until 1 August, 2022)
•Defence production by PSUs stood at Rs. 10,831 crore (US$ 1.36 billion) in FY 2022-23
(until 1 August, 2022)
13. Evolution of science and technology policy
framework in India
2013 2016 2017 2020
2014 2015
• Science,
Technology and
Innovation Policy
aims to develop
synergies between
science,
technology and
innovation. Ethnic
diversity and
varying
demographics
attracted
investment from
various players.
• New Initiatives such as
SWAYAM (Study
Webs of Active
Learning for Young
Aspiring Minds), etc.
have been taken to
support young talent
and attract innovation.
▪ "Innovation of
Science Pursuit for
Inspire Research
(INSPIRE)“ initiative
was launched to
communicate with the
youth population and
attract talent to the
scientific field.
▪ Scientific and
Technological
(S&T) Activities
Survey 2015-16
aimed to collect
data on resources
devoted to R&D in
science and
technology. The
information is
collected from
about 5,000 R&D
organizations
present across
the country
• New Initiatives
such as the
Science,
Technology,
Innovation and
Creation of
Knowledge
(STICK)
framework has
been taken by
the Indian
Government to
support
innovation.
• Achievement:
Indian Space
Research
Organization
(ISRO) made
history after
placing 104
satellites into
space in a
single mission
through its Polar
Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV).
• Science,
Technology and
Innovation Policy
2020*: The new
policy revolves
around the core
principles of being
decentralized,
evidence informed,
bottom up,
experts-driven and
inclusive
approach.
14. Government Initiatives and Policies
• In November 2022, India announced an additional contribution of US$ 5 million
to the ASEAN-India science and technology fund to increase cooperation in
sectors of public health, renewable energy and smart agriculture.
• In November 2022, the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and the
Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) decided to work together to build a
platform in order to support the development of new electric vehicle (EV)
batteries that meet Indian regulations.
15. • Ministry of Defence has been allocated Rs 525,166 crore (US$ 67.66 billion)
• This includes expenditure on salaries of armed forces and civilians, pensions,
modernization of armed forces, production establishments, maintenance, and
research and development organizations.
• The allocation to the Ministry of Defence is the highest (13%) among all
ministries of the central government.
16. Analysis & development(Science and
Technology)
• In FY21, there were 5,018 R&D
projects, 2,528 fellowships, 3,702
publications, 30,532 ongoing
projects and 797 innovations in
India.
• In FY21, the science and
technology sector added
1,497,501 employees, becoming
India’s top employment
generator.
17. Analysis & development (Defence)
• India is one of the world’s biggest defense
spenders with a total outlay of Rs. 5.25
lakh crore (US$ 66 billion), accounting for
13.31% of the total budget and indicating
an increase over the budget estimates of
2021-22 by Rs. 46,970 crore (US$ 5.9
billion).
• India’s defense import value stood at US$
463 million for FY20 and is expected to be
at US$ 469.5 million in FY21.
18. Areas of Improvement
and Road Ahead
• India plans to move forward with developing its science and technology sector by
collaborating with other countries. India has active bilateral science and technology
(S&T) programs of cooperation with more than 45 countries, including dedicated
programs for Africa, ASEAN, BRICS, EU and neighboring countries. In 2021, India
also collaborated with Denmark and agreed for a five-year plan to implement green
strategic partnership for enhancing partnership in various areas, including science
and technology.
• The Indian government is focusing on innovative solutions to empower the country’s
defence and security via ‘Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX)’, which has
provided a platform for start-ups to connect to the defence establishments and
develop new technologies/products in the next five years (2021-2026).
20. Significance of Tourism
• India, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, is a
multicultural melting pot. The nation is one of the most
well-liked tourist destinations globally, owing to its
extensive attractions and rich heritage.
• From the snow-capped Himalayas in the north to the
tropical rain forests in the south, India spans an area of
3,287,263 sq. km.
• India's tourism sector ranks eighth in Gross Domestic
Production (GDP) contribution. The revenue of India’s
tourism industry stood at US$ 247.3 billion in 2018,
representing a 6.7% increase as compared to the
previous year and contributing 9.2% of the entire
economy. The sector was also one of the largest foreign
exchange earners (FEEs).
22. Growth Drivers for Tourism in India
• Vaccination Drive:
Campaign was highly successful – almost 200
crore vaccines were distributed in the first 18 months. This
aided India's economic opening and made the country a safe
tourism destination.
• Medical and Wellness Tourism:
The Indian Government announced the ‘Heal in
India’ and ‘Heal by India’ campaigns in May 2022. These
program's main aim is to further strengthen the traditional
medical industry and make India a global medical value
hub. In 2020, India had 1.83 lakh FTAs for medical
purposes.
23. Challenges:
1. Lack of public infrastructure and inadequate
marketing support from the government
2. Violation of rules and regulations and illegal
practices
3. Poor implementation of Homestay schemes and
Credit Guarantee Trust Fund for Micro & Small
Enterprises (CGT SME)
4. The low financial footprint for the tourism sector
5. Insufficient financial aid and limited scope of policy
24. Future Aspects:
• Going digital can go some way towards addressing these
problems. Firstly, it is affordable and secondly, it is the
fastest way for local communities to connect with the
world.
• Partnering with digital startups and established
businesses such as Airbnb and NotOnMap, and using
marketing tools such as video tours to offer a firsthand
view of the experience being offered to potential
customers.
• To boost other sources of revenue such as rural arts &
crafts and food products partnership with e-commerce is
highly recommended.
26. Startup and FDI
A startup is a newly established company that is typically small
and innovative, with the goal of rapidly growing and scaling up its
business. Startups often operate in emerging industries or offer
new and unique products or services.
FDI (foreign direct investment) is when a company or individual
invests in a business located in a foreign country. FDI can take
many forms, such as establishing a new business or acquiring an
existing one.
What is startup?
What is FDI?
27. Startup and FDI
Startup:
● India is currently experiencing a boom in the startup ecosystem, with
over 50,000 startups, according to a report by NASSCOM.
● India has seen a significant rise in unicorns, with over 50 companies
attaining unicorn status.
● Several Indian startups have become unicorns, with valuations of over
$1 billion, such as Byju's, Paytm, and OYO Rooms.
FDI:
● According to the World Investment Report 2021 by UNCTAD, India is
among the top 10 countries in terms of FDI inflows, with $64 billion of
inflows in 2020.
● Foreign investment in India is primarily concentrated in sectors like
services, computer software and hardware, trading, and the
automobile industry.
● The US, Singapore, and Mauritius are the top sources of FDI inflows in
India.
Current situation
28. Startup and FDI
● The government has launched the Startup India initiative, which
provides a range of benefits to entrepreneurs, such as tax
exemptions, funding, and other support.
● The government has relaxed FDI norms in various sectors, such
as defense, construction, and retail, to attract more foreign
investment.
● Shark Tank has positively impacted India's startup and business
ecosystem by inspiring entrepreneurship, raising awareness, and
providing mentorship and funding from successful investors.
Initiatives and Awareness
29. Startup and FDI
● India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, with a
large and rapidly growing middle class.
● The country's population is young and tech-savvy, with a high
adoption rate of digital technology.
● India has a vast domestic market with diverse consumer
preferences and a demand for innovative products and services.
● India is a hub for technological innovation and has a large pool of
skilled tech talent.
Potential for Startups and Foreign Businesses:
30. Startup and FDI
● Access to a large and growing consumer market with diverse
preferences and demands.
● Opportunity for innovation and growth through collaboration with
Indian startups and businesses.
● Cost-effective manufacturing and production facilities in India.
● Access to skilled talent in various sectors, including technology
and engineering.
● Favorable government policies and incentives for foreign
businesses.
Benefits of Tapping into the Indian Market:
31. Startup and FDI
● Startups are a key driver of innovation, job creation, and
economic growth in India
● Startups help to diversify the economy by introducing new and
innovative products and services
● Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) provides access to advanced
technology, global markets, and managerial expertise
● FDI helps to create jobs and enhance the skill levels of the Indian
workforce
● A supportive ecosystem for startups and favorable policies for
foreign businesses can attract more investment and foster
innovation, job creation, and economic growth in India.
Role of startup and FDI in Indian century:
33. Rural Economy – Current Scenario
According to data of 2021 around 65% of population of India is
living in rural area and out of which 47% dependent on
agriculture for their livelihood.
% population living in rural area and their livelihood
Focal points of current Govt. for rural people
Rural housings, drinking water, sanitation, clean fuel,
social protection, rural connectivity, use of technology,
health, electricity, equipped schools and
teachers, microfinance for small businesses and
farmers, skill development and social security, these are
some of the developmental aspects of government of
India of rural area to make it grow fast and smoothly.
Around ₹1.57 Lakh Crore has been allocated to Ministry
of Rural Development under the Union Budget 2023-24.
35. Reforms in Rural Development
Current
situation
Maximum rural area of our
country still have a less
literacy rate, bad healthcare
facility, less number of law
and order following people
which reduce the interest of
investors in that area.
Reforms
Enforcement of
Law
Perfect enforcement of
laws in rural area
increase credibility of
these area for various
economical
developments and
investment.
Education and
skill development
A literate and skilled
workforce with a good
technical knowledge
attracts more investment
in the region leading to
development
Healthcare
A better healthcare
facility decrease
mortality rate in an area
and creates healthy
workforce.
01 02 03
36. Healthcare – Current Scenario
About 21% of the elderly in India reportedly have at least one
chronic disease. 17% rural and 29% urban elderly suffer from a
chronic disease.
% population in India having at least one chronic
disease
Major health issues and chronic diseases in India
Cancer, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, TB, stroke,
respiratory disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease,
infectious disease, breast cancer, asthma, chronic
Obstructive pulmonary Disease, dengue, infertility,
malnutrition, hearing loss, Chronic kidney disease, maternal
mortality, chikungunya, cataract. These are some of the
major health issues in India which leads to decrease in its
workforce and its efficiency. Healthcare budget of India is
around ₹89 thousand crore in year 2023-24.
38. Reforms in Health-Care Sector
Current
situation
At present India do not have
a perfect healthcare facility.
Current rank of India in
world health index is 61st
which is not good as a
global power.
Reforms
Digitalization
Through digitalization it
will be easy to treat a
patient as all infection
and previous health
disease will be available
before treatment.
Clean and
hygienic surrounding
A clean and pollution free
surrounding decrease
the health issues which
further leads to a
healthy society creating
a healthy image of
country in the world.
Adequate no. of
equipment and
doctors
As seen in Covid-19 due
to lack of beds and
doctors it was hard to
handle such a large no.
of patients which lead to
death of many people.
01 02 03
39. Education – Current Scenario
Literacy rate of India was about 77.7% in the year of 2022. With
84.7% in males and 70.3% in females. Which is quite less than
the developed nation.
% literacy of population in India
Motive of govt. in NEP 2020
To increase school enrolment, decrease drop outs, advance
school infrastructure, toy based pedagogy, smart learning, to
make future generation a multitasking people with different
capability and skills, make kids more active, make kids tech
friendly, also built leadership quality in kids, enhance their
behavior, built confidence in them by extra-curricular activities,
create a generation with capability to give jobs instead of
searching job.
41. Reforms in Education
Current
situation
The current education
system generates job
searching people who are
dependent on employers for
job. As to develop fast
country should be self -
dependent in generating
employment.
Reforms
Tech-friendly
teaching
As the future is going to
be full of tech products
and software so it is
must that each student
should have good
knowledge of
technology.
Moral-duties
Each student should
know their duties and
have morals to make
society with a class. All
should have
accountability and
responsibility towards
their duties.
Enterpreneurial
teaching
Instead of being a job
seeker the next
generation should be job
creators. So that instead
becoming a load over the
country they should be
load reducers.
01 02 03
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