Japanese Presidential Campaign

Japanese Presidential Campaign
First of all, Mrs. Candidate it is my honor to advice you for this years' presidential campaign. In order to succeed in this campaign, it is important that
you get familiar with Japan and also how their local and international politics are structured. Before we start, let me please briefly introduce you the
structure of the Japanese government. After the World II Japan replaced their Meiji constitution to its current Constitution in 1946. According to Maki
the reason why Meiji constitution is because as he stated "The national tragedy of a physically and spiritually devastating lost wars brought the old
constitutional order to an end." (Maki, 1990). In the new Constitution, it states that Japan shall have a constitutional monarchy, in which the Emperor is
the head of the state but serves only as the symbol of the state with no power. (NYU, 2006). Moreover, the Japanese Government consists of three
branches including, the Executive branch, the legislative branch and the Judicial branch. Executive power consists of the Prime Minister and other
ministers who complete the Cabinet. On the other hand, the Japanese national parliament "Diet" has the legislative power. The Diet is comprised from
both the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors. Moreover, both of these houses are directly elected by the Japanese ... Show more
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In addition, due to the fact that Japanese government is purely elected by the Japanese people, the election plays an extremely important role in
Japanese politics. In addition, in the 3rd Chapter of the Japanese Constitution, it mentions right and duties of the people including, the right to vote,
right to freedom and speech, freedom of religion and to the equality of all and so on. Based on the 3rd Chapter of the Constitution, it is clear to see
that Japan respects its citizens and provides essential need to them. (JPN. Const. art.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

India And Jap Rule Of Law
III.Rule of Law in India and Japan
The Rule of Law has not been compromised by the culture or socioeconomic conditions in India or Japan. India and Japan sought to achieve Rule of
Law to embody the values, institutions and principles in a modern liberal democratic country in order to modernize and adapt. Rule of law has two
main functions, to protect its citizens and stop unequitable use of state power by remaining transparent, and, to protect its citizens with enforcement
structures. In India, Western ideals and institutions were welcomed and successfully integrated with local culture. In Japan, transplant of rule of law
ideals only occurred post–war and the transplant of western legal systems were in the course of colonization and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
NEED EXAMPLES OF THIS
The Constitution of Japan does not have any express provisions for the Rule of Law. However, it has insinuated in a number of Articles within the
Constitution. For example, in Articles 1 to 8 the Emperor remains as a symbol of the state and carries out functions of the state but in contrast to the
Meiji Constitution, his role is mainly ceremonial and the Emperor does not have any powers relating to the government. This indicates that justice is
intended to be administered by impartial and independent justice institutions and kept separate from the Emperor and government bodies who are held
accountable under the law in Article 41 to 95 of the Constitution of Japan. Specifically, in Article 98, "Supreme Law" implies Rule of Law upholds the
accountability of government bodies and agents where all government actions are ruled under one Constitution. Another example is the incorporation
of fundamental human rights in Article 97, which asserts the liberal doctrine of human rights and protects individual rights and liberties.
IV.Differences between India and Japan
India and Japan are both culturally different and different socioeconomically, but both countries have achieved Rule of Law. Some of the differences
stated in Chens' article about the Pathways of Western Liberal Constitutional Developments in Asia are that the founding fathers of the Indian
Constitution was

Fukuzawa Yukichi's Adoption Of The Meiji Constitution
As Japan exited the Tokugawa period and moved into the Meiji era in the in the mid–to–late–19th, the island nation experienced the immense changes
associated with the movement of a state into modernity. From the establishment of new institutions to the centralization of state authority, life in Japan
was forever altered, but perhaps nothing represented the shift more than the adoption of the Meiji Constitution. This document, heavily based off of its
Western counterpart, truly codifies Japan's shift from a splintered, feudal society to a modern, imperial state. Given this importance, an analysis of this
document seems prudent; an analysis that looks at the climate surrounding the adoption of the document, and the document's noted similarity... Show
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"6." A Modern History of Japan: From Tokugawa times to the Present. 3rd ed. New York City: Oxford UP, 2014. 71, 79, 91. Print
Dr. Akiko Takenaka, History 357: Japan At War, 1850 to the Present, University of Kentucky
"1889 Japanese Constitution." 1889 Japanese Constitution. Hanover College, n.d. Web. 18 Sept.

Essay on Brief History and Introduction of Privacy and...
Brief History and Introduction of Privacy and Human Rights
From Article 21 of the Japan Constitution states, "Freedom of assembly and association as well as speech, press and all other forms of expression
are guaranteed. No censorship shall be maintained, nor shall the secrecy of any means of communication be violated." Article 35 states, "The right
of all persons to be secure in their homes, papers and effects against entries, searches and seizures shall not be impaired except upon warrant issued
for adequate cause and particularly describing the place to be searched and things to be seized . . . Each search or seizure shall be made upon separate
warrant issued by a competent judicial officer."1
A 1988 Act for the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In January of 2000, the government gathered the Expert Committee for Drafting Law of Personal Data Protection under the advanced Information and
Telecommunications Society Promotion Headquarters to develop a law to protect personal information on the basis of the Interim Report of the
Working Party. The panel then released a report in June of 2000 urging the adoption of legal protections for processing of personal information by
businesses and the creation of a government office to handle complaints and investigation.
In February of 1998, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry established a Supervisory Authority for the Protection of Personal Data to
monitor a new system for granting of "privacy marks" to businesses committing to the handling of the personal data in accordance with the MITI
guidelines. The "privacy mark" system was administered by the Japan Information Processing Development Center (JIPDEC). JIPDEC was a joint
public/private agency. Any company that does not comply with the industry guidelines will be excluded from relevant industry bodies and not granted
the privacy protection mark. And then they will most likely be penalized by the market forces.
Software Related Privacy Issues
There were two software related issues that have arisen, one more recent than the other.
First, back in 1999, Japan passed some

Modernization of Japan: The Meiji Restoration Essay
The Meiji Restoration played a significant role in the modernisation of Japan. The Meiji period was a time of political and social revolution. It
brought momentous social, political and economic changes to Japan, and these changes became the foundation of the Japan we know today. Prior to
the 1868 Restoration, Japan was a militarily weak country with a feudal agricultural society, and was controlled by feudal lords. When the Meiji
period ended with the Emperor's death in 1912, Japan was a well–developed nation with a constitutional monarchy, an elected government, a strong
economy, a powerful military and a well educated population. The Meiji Restoration allowed Japan to modernise and adopt the ideas, technologies, and
social, political... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The introduction of compulsory education and the establishment of a public school system in 1872 reinforced the fifth provision of the Charter Oath.
Prior to the Restoration, only privileged boys were allowed an education. However, the Meiji education system required boys and girls, regardless of
social status, to complete a minimum 4 years of mandatory education. Whilst the Meiji Restoration is largely viewed as a positive move towards a
modernised Japan, it still had its negative consequences. Another social change brought by the Meiji government was the assimilation policies for the
Ainu people. The Ainu people, the Indigenous people of northern Japan, were oppressed and exploited as a result of the Meiji Restoration. Assimilation
policies were introduced by the Meiji government and prevented the Ainu from practicing their culture; they were forced to follow the Japanese
customs. The Japanese scholars were sent to study abroad and observe the Western sciences and languages to transform the Tokugawa Japanese
agrarian economy. The introduction of Western technologies and ideas advanced the Japanese economy. The development of infrastructures such as
railroads and telegraphs allowed Japan to develop new industries. Transportation and communication networks were advanced from large governmental
investments. The government supported the growing businesses and

Post-WW II Occupation
In concluding his book on World War II in the Pacific, Eagle Against the Sun, Ronald H. Spector stated that, "The United States acquired a strong
democratic ally in the new Japan which emerged from the wreckage of war."1 Following the Japanese surrender on September, 2, 1945, General
Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP) in Japan, led the largely unilateral U.S. effort to rebuild Japan. The U.S.
occupation and reconstruction met with varying degrees of political, social and economic success, but overall, the U.S. succeeded in developing Japan
as a strong responsible power in the Pacific. Additionally, studying the whole–of–government methods for the U.S. post–war reconstruction in Japan
renders historical... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the end of the war, Japanese citizens occupied numerous countries in the Western Pacific, while countless Chinese and Koreans resided within
Japan as slave labor. At the time Japan had no vessels or other manner in which to conduct the mass movement of these populations. Under U.S.
supervision and with hundreds of ships borrowed from the U.S., six million Japanese returned to Japan within three years; and nearly one million
Chinese and Koreans returned to their respective countries in the same timeframe.5 In the end the combined U.S. and Japanese social reconstruction
efforts successfully resolved the challenges facing the population. The U.S. economic effort was not as widely successful in comparison to the
political and social efforts, but there were several successes that ultimately set the conditions for Japan's rise to a top world economy. The 1947 Land
Reform Program, which essentially consisted of the government purchase and redesignation of land that was then resold to tenant farmers, "is seen as
the single most important factor for quelling rural discontent and promoting political stability in the early postwar period."6 Efforts to re–energize the
natural resources successfully stabilized the coal mining and fishing industries. Coal mining suffered from a removal of inexpensive labor with the
repatriation of Chinese and Korean slaves, but the introduction

What Impact Did the Major Political, Economic and Social...
Japan's goal of achieving fukoku kyohei, "rich country; strong military", fuelled major political, economic and social changes during the Meiji
Restoration. By the 20th century, Japan had a modern constitution and national parliament, though it was not truly democratic. The modernization of
the nation also made Japan richer and more economically stable, with a structured education system. Japan, an impotent, closed feudal state, was
transformed into a formidable nation focused on nationalism. In attempt to acquire strength and unity in the government, political changes focused on
creating a centralized government and a western constitution. In consequence, the Japanese government became more united and organized. As the
western... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By the end of the Meiji Restoration, Japan had taken its inevitable part in the international scene. As the government and economy adjusted, the society
took on many changes as well, such as the adoption of the Western culture, a reform in the education system, and the instillation of nationalism in
Japan. The desire to be perceived as an equal by Westerners resulted in the adoption of the Western culture in the Japanese society. There were changes
in the fashion as well as food and cuisine. Western–style haircuts were ubiquitous in the Japanese streets during 1870, while the introduction to bread,
beef and dairy products made their way to the community subsequently. With the aim of a modernized society, the Meiji government also found an
organized education system a vital aspect, thus instituting the Terokoya system. This change in education also launched the establishment of the
Ministry of Education, which had an aim of providing education for all people. In 1868, almost 13,000 terakoyas were constructed with 837,000
students. (Miocevich, 30) By 1910, an immense advancement was made, as 98% of Japanese students were given compulsory education. (Miocevich,
30) Clearly, the Japanese had made education a priority. Finally, nationalism was probably the most prominent change in the Japanese society during
the Meiji Restoration. As Japan grew stronger as a

The Political Structure Of The Japanese Political System...
Unlike the American political system, which has the same political system as it did when the country was created, the Japanese political system is a
more recent construct that was created as a result of millennia of imperial rule that slowly morphed into the constitutional monarchy that it is today.
Throughout this process of shifting their political structure there has been heavy influence from the west, especially America and England to create a
more democratic way of governing their nation. Although the Japanese government is similar to the US government, the imperial roots create a
different governmental structure that creates different displays of power. It is said in The Nihon Shoki, one of the oldest books of Japanese history,
that Japan was founded by Emperor Jimmu in 660 BC. The Japanese Emperor was the sovereign ruler of the country until the Emperor's rule began to
end in the mid 12th century. The Japanese government shifted from imperial rule to shogunate rule after the Genpei War of 1180
–1185. Shoguns were
Japanese military rulers who would be appointed by the Emperor, but would hold all the power. It was around this time as well that the Japanese began
to mingle with Europeans and begin to trade with the Portuguese and the Dutch. This spiked the economy because of Japan's abundance of precious
metals and began to peak the Japanese's interest in western culture. Shogunate rule ended after the Meiji Restoration of 1868, when imperial rule
returned to Japan.

Japanese Pacifist Constitution
The end of the Second World War with the surrender of Japan had many numerous reasons, also with the most basically reason was two bombing of
USA on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Therefore, Japan marks the defeat of its short–lived imperial expansionist policy, and symbolize the establishment of
the new constitution called" pacifist", which limits the nature of Japanese military activity largely to defense against external attacks on Japan.
However, this post–war pride pacifist constitution which has not been revised since it promulgation in 1946 has been recently harmed by the Japan
Prime Minister and his ruling party whose plan was to shift it. Mr. Abe and his party is preparing to propose a constitutional amendment to the Diet
after the summer

Japanese Economic Development Post World War Ii
World War II left many powerful nations in smoke and rubble. The deconstruction of many countries gave them the chance to rebuild their cities and
economies. No country took more advantage of this opportunity than Japan. Japan was a huge militaristic power in World War II . Their aggressive
behavior caused them to be stripped of their military and their power for self rule. The demilitarization of Japan changed the country's focus from
world militaristic domination to world economic domination. The country established free trade, manufactured goods, and improved and invented
technology, making themselves one of the largest economic superpowers in the world. World War II exploded across Europe and the rest of the world
in 1939.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was supported by Japanese government officials. The Japanese started to view MacArthur as an "administrator of considerable skill" (Britannica).
His reforms played a role in Japan developing as a free and independent nation. In the early months MacArthur focused on getting rid of everything that
symbolized World War II Japan. He did this through demobilizing the armed forces and disbanding the empire. He destroyed all weapon
–producing
industries to prevent a radical uprising. The Home Ministry with its prewar powers over the police and local government was abolished(Britannica),
and the police's extensive power was taken away. As temporary leader of Japan, MacArthur had some of his own ideas for the born again country.
Although he was a conservative American in politics, he fostered many democratic reforms for the Japanese government (Britannica). He also
encouraged the government to legalize labor unions and to adopt universal suffrage. The most important reform carried out by the occupation was the
establishment of a new constitution. When Japanese efforts to write a new constitution proved inadequate, MacArthur's government prepared its own
draft and presented it to the Japanese government. It was endorsed by the Emperor and went into effect on May 3, 1947 (Britannica). On April 28,
1952 MacArthur and the U.S. military left Japan and the country was declared as a sovereign nation (Britannica). The

The Meiji Republic
The nation of Japan lies in the North Pacific Ocean, East of the Korean Peninsula and China. Slightly smaller than the U.S. state of California, it has a
total area (land and water) of 377,915 square miles and is divided into four primary islands: Hokkaido, Kyushu, Honshu, and Shikoku. Japan is divided
into 47 administrative divisions called prefectures. Japan was "founded" in 660 B.C. when Emperor Jimmu declared Japan as a sovereign Imperial
nation. Until the Meiji Restoration in 1890, Japan operated under the Shogunate rule, which involved the rule of a hereditary dictator. The Meiji
Constitution provided a constitutional monarchy instead of pure Imperial dictatorship. The Modern State of Japan began on May 3, 1947, which
marked the formation of a new Japanese Constitution, an amendment to the Meiji Constitution.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its Chief of State is Emperor Akihito, son of Emperor Hirohito of World War II, and his wife, Empress Michiko. Both monarchs hold no legitimate
power, but instead represent the constitution. Instead, governmental power is held by the Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe, Deputy Prime Minister Taro
Aso, and the Diet, which operates in a similar manner to the U.S. Congress. The Diet, known in Japan as Kokkai, consists of a House of
Councilors and a House of Representatives. The members serve a maximum term of 4 years. The Japanese Judiciary Branch is the Saiko Saibansho,
or Japanese Supreme Court. It consists of a Chief Justice (currently Itsuro Terada) and 14 associate justices. The Saiko Saibansho operates on
Japanese Statutory Law, known as the Six Codes. The first of these codes is the Constitution of Japan, followed by the Civil Code, Code of Civil
Procedure, Criminal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure and the Commercial

The Great Transformation Of Japan After World War II
After World War II a large of Japans transportation systems and cities industries were extremely harmed (Japan
–guide.com, N.D). In contrast with
China, Japan did not participate in a civil war, however the effect of World War II killed 3 million individuals, cities destroyed from atomic bombs
from the United States which left a large number of citizens homeless. Regardless of this, great transformation started. From 1945 and 1952 the
United States and its ally's forces, Great Britain, Republic of China and Soviet Union set out in the restoration of Japan. "'The US possessing powers,
drove by General Douglas A. MacArthur, enacted widespread military, political, economic and social reforms" (HistoryState.gov, N.d).An economic,
social and political

The On People 's Daily Lives
Kokusaku kamishibai emphasis more on people's daily lives. They were formerly categorized as educational kamishibai, but later emphasized more on
the promotion of government policies (Horner, 23). Typical themes of kokusaku kamishibai would be promoting thrift during wartime, encouraging
people to go to the hospital to visit the wounded soldiers, reminding people to keep healthy so that they could contribute more to the nation, glorifying
Japan and its emperor, stressing the honorable legends of the Japanese nation, and instilling the Bushido, or "the way of the warriors" (Horner, 23) For
example, kamishibai "Bokura no chikai" ("Our Promise") and "O–rusuban" ("Home Alone") depict how children should behave when they are left
alone by their parents. Children were encouraged either help with their mothers' housework or talking about their fathers who were at the war in an
aspiring tone (Horner, 23). Considering the main viewership of kamishibai consists of young children, Japanese government employed kokusaku
kamishibai to instruct the young generation how they should behave everyday and remind them of the characters they had to play in regard of the
prosperity of the Great Imperial of Japan. This kind of kamishibai is very much similar to the moral education, but they ultimately have characteristic
of wartime propaganda because the issues related to the war exist from time to time in the storyline. For example, in "Bokura no chikai", the older
brother asked his younger

The On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination...
Rationale
According to the latest concluding observations of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), article 14
of Maternal Health Act 1948 is problematic since it states that '[t]he women are required to get content from their spouses in order to obtain an abortion'
(CEDAW, 2016, para. 38 (b)). However, the actual description in it is a doctor 'may perform an Induced Abortion on a person who falls under any of
the following items after obtaining consent from the relevant person and the spouse' (Maternal Health Act 1948, Art. 14 (1)). In other words, it does
not regulate the women to obtain their spouses' contents, but it states that a doctor has to obtain consents from both the woman and her ... Show more
Then I will analyze the current Japanese situation by using various literatures, not only works of feminist scholars such as Petchesky (1985) and
Norgen (2001), but also works of cultural anthropologist scholars such as Burnlund (1989). As Okin argues, even though Japan has a different cultural
background from other developed countries, especially Western countries, cultural exception should not be adopted (1998, p.38). I agree on her
argument, therefore, I do not intend to discuss that the conclusion of CEDAW ignores the Japanese cultural character, and it is wrong or inadequate.
However, to understand the problem and its background, analysing it within the framework of culture might be still necessary. In addition to the
works from those scholars, I am also using research data of contraceptive use in Japan as it seems to be remarkably unique among developed countries
(Sato et al, 2006).
Structure
My research begins with a summary of the international movement toward recognition of abortion as a women's human right. Article 98 (2) of
Constitution of Japan 1947 states that '[t]he treaties concluded by Japan and established laws of nations shall be faithfully observed'. Hence, it can be
said that to understand how international law regulates abortion and modify current Japanese act to align with it are necessary. Although Tozzi
introduces '[n]o global UN treaty contains the word "abortion," nor can a "right" to abortion be inferred from

Sakamoto Ryoma Research Paper
Sakamoto Ryoma is significance to Japan because of his beliefs and values shown towards japan by stating a 8 point plan that took over the Japanese
government and change japan in a massive way.
Sakamoto was significance to japan because he was a great warrior and great Soward fighter . He was soon helping the Shogunal official Katsu
Kaishu set up a navel training school. Sakamoto drew in his ancestors merchant background to form a small shipping company which then doubled
and turned into a small navy. Sakamoto was mudered by a japenese person called proseogunal Samuri on the eve of the restoration. Samamoto Ryoma
was a japanese prominent figure that showed significance values and beliefs to japan in many different ways.
Sakamoto's Eight Point Plan became the first constitution of modern Japan. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His reason for this was so he could take over and give a eight point plan to the emperor of Japan, as he wanted japan to modernise and to be great and
proud. "Sakamoto's Eight Point Plan became the first constitution of modern Japan."
. This quotes proves and explains that japan has been changed by one of the most bravest most famous samurai in japenese history. My quote proves
the Sakamotos eight point plan was created and changed by Sakamoto Ryoma . The beliefs and values have been shown by Sakamoto Ryoma as he
believed his country could be more proud and efficient. He did this by taking over the japenese government and 6 months after he was mudered his 8
point plan had been discovered and turned into a 5 point plan by the japans emperor.
sakamoto Ryoma changed japan because of his values and beliefs shown toward the emperor Meji

How Did Imperialism Affect Japan
Japan started a rapid increase of imperialism starting in the mid 19th century as their colonies started to spread throughout East Asia. Like western
imperialism, the Japanese government turned expansion into a goal for security, national pride, resources, and manufactured goods. Along with the
many similarities with the West, Japanese also became the first non–Western imperial power and became very successful in imperial expansion, but
unfortunately became obsessed with conquering, which ultimately led them to their downfall. Imperialism significantly changed Japan, and affected
the country in ways that helped it expand and at the same time left permanent damage that will stick with them. In 1868, Emperor Meiji became the
head of Japan and at that time, Japan was a weak country militarily and had little technological development as it was... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For one, during Japan's imperialism, the amount of resources used over the years to create many new technologies, ranging from agriculture tools to
massive cannons and ships, was rapidly decreasing as they used up much more resources than they could regenerate or create. As a result, they
searched for other islands looking for more raw materials including iron, wood, minerals, and more. When they did find the raw materials and
resources Japan needed, they completely depleted all of the land's resources due to extreme demand for resources to create new machines and
finished products. Eventually, they had to move on to different lands to find a satisfactory amount of resources to continue on building new products
and technologies. But as other countries also needed natural resources and raw materials as well, these resources rapidly decreased and still today,
resources continue to rapidly decrease, and until humanity finds a way to replenish resources as fast as they are being used, there will be no more
natural resources

Jap The End Of World War II
At the end of World War II, the United States took occupation of Japan in an under the pretext of leading the nation toward a path of democracy.
However, it appears that the intent of the United States has changed over time. Instead of helping Japan in the years after WWII, the United States
used Japan as a pawn to better its own interests. In 1946, General MacArthur the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) asked United
States citizens to take the responsibility of writing a new constitution for Japan. There was not a single Japanese person asked to help with the
constitutions development. This made it so that the Japanese identity could not fully be seen within the constitution. Yes, Japan was moving towards
democracy and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the proposition was given to include these issues, the majority of the group –white males– found that the proposal went farther that our own
constitution and was unnecessary to be included. This decision was made after it was brought to their attention that many other countries at the time
had integrated these issues into their own constitution. The focus of the constitutional meetings were not to create a newer better Japan, but to create
an image of the United States in the Pacific Ocean. To better manifest this image, the Unites States decided that it would be best if Japan remained
militarized. This demilitarization came in the form of Article 9, which stated that Japan could not have an armed military force for forever. Without an
army of their own, the United States implemented their own troops and negotiated for there to be permanent bases in Japan; a constant reminder of the
influence and power of the United States. Once the constitution was implemented, Japan began to change, however many of these changes were
because of a United States backing. One can see these changes if they look to the media of the time. Before the United States, cinema had many
restrictions and mostly portrayed to the military state. After the US occupation, American movies were introduced which had more risquГ© topics.
This new form of media had great favor in the eyes of the Japanese public. Although the release of this

Compare And Contrast Japanese Constitution And Kawai's
CRITIQUE OF ROBERT E WARD'S 'THE ORIGINS OF THE PRESENT JAPANESE CONSTITUTION' AND KAZUO KAWAI'S, 'SOVEREIGNTY
AND DEMOCRACY IN THE JAPANESE CONSTITUTION'. Robert E Ward and Kazuo Kawai were both political scientists who wrote these
articles during the Allied occupation of Japan; Ward wrote his article in December 1956 whilst Kawai wrote his article in September 1955 . Both
authors have very similar arguments in regards to the Japanese constitution that was put in place in 1947 by the Supreme Commander of the Allied
Powers– an American initiative. Ward and Kawai argue that the constitution that was put in place will be in some form reformed by the Japanese
people. Kawai's primary point is that the Japanese people will use their newly established... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kawai's main point is that the role of the emperor will be brought into question as his newly reduced powers do not compliment Japan's social structure.
Ward hold a similar argument in that he believes that the constitution was rushed and poorly imposed upon Japan. Ward uses a detailed described of the
process as to which the constitution goes through and uses this to demonstrate how it's forcefully imposed nature proved to be counterproductive for
the American initiative. Both writers maintain the notion that the constitution is an alien invention which proves less than productive for completing
the objective of creating a democratic Japan. The issue that arises from these articles is whether or not the constitution was an effective or even a
necessary change in Japan. The question as to whether or not the constitution should be changed still exists today , as the current Japanese Prime
Minister ShinzЕЌ Abe wishes to, and has succeeded in, changing the constitution . Both arguments that are presented in the articles are somewhat
convincing. Subtracting the fact that the constitution remains unchanged after both articles are written, the individual merits of the articles are
convincing. Kawai argues that the social hierarchy was one of the reasons

Japan 's Forced Constitution Causes Major Conflicts
The ninth article of Japan's forced constitution causes major conflicts that damage Japan's Self Defense Force and its ability to aid its allies. The
vague wording of the article questions the legitimacy of the Self Defense Force, and has been one of the biggest controversial subjects in Japan for
decades. Many groups want to change the law, while others want to pass new laws to specify the boundaries of the 9th Article.
Article nine is, depending on whom one asks, one of the most famous, or infamous part of the entire Japanese Constitution. The debate over the
necessity of article nine is one of the most disputed arguments in the country. With 39.2% believing the article is unnecessary, and 22.1% saying it is
necessary, nearly half of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The parties' stance on the ninth article can be divided among three categories. The Liberals, who wants to amend the constitution's ninth article, the
Conservatives that do not want to change anything, and the Moderates that wish to create new laws to specify parts of the article. Of these, there are
four primary parties. The Japanese Democratic Party and the Communist Party who don't want revision. The Osaka Party who want to wait until Prime
Minister Abe steps down before beginning revision, and finally the Liberal Democratic Party who has fought for revision

Yasukuni Shrine: Separation Of Church And State
In the modern world one of the most popular debate is that should there be a separation of church and state. Majority of the people believe that the
church and state should not be under the same system. People argue that the leaders and its citizens are going to make irrational decisions that can
cause a lot of harm in the future. Yet there are a few countries in the modern world that have a combination of the church and state in the nation. The
countries argue that they want to preserve the memory of their history and create a strong unity with its citizens. The nations believe that they are
upholding the values, culture and traditions. The Yasukuni Shrine is a prime example of how people are debating if religion and politics should be
combined... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Shrine is being openly expressed around the world. Many Prime Ministers of Japan still visit the Shrine despite other world leaders showing
disapproval. The Japanese people and government know the importance of past traditions and memory because it made Japan into a powerful
nation in the past. The Japanese people and government officials realize it is important to keep religion and politics together in some way because
it can create a lot positive impact for a nation. It kept Japan together despite the hardships they might have faced such as losing to the allies and their
cities being destroyed. Yet Japan overcame these problems and they are one of the top countries in the world in technological advancement. It was
because of their strong faith toward religion and the political system, which motivated people to rebuild. Another country in the modern world for
example is Israel that has a strong religion and political system. Israel is located in the most dangerous regions in the world, but they stood their
ground against their neighboring countries. The country was united by religion and politics to combat any issues they might have to face in the future.
The Israel flag includes religion because the flag has the symbol of "David Star", which represent a shield. The Israelis people feel that their religion
and political system is going to protect

Postwar Constitution
For the following essay, I will be describing the history of the Postwar Constitution of Japan written by General Douglas MacArthur and his staff in
1946 after the Allies' victory in World War II. Rights such as freedom of speech, of religion, and of thought, as well as respect for the fundamental
human rights shall be established under Section 10 were one of many that was included in the document. In addition, the document stated: as per the
text written under Section 12, "the occupying forces of the Allies shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as these objectives have been accomplished
and there has been established in accordance with the freely expressed will of the Japanese people a peacefully inclined and responsible government".
One... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Democratization after the war and changes within the social structure, such as urbanization and individualism; however, the means of utilizing the law
as a means of settling disputes remained the same . While the unwillingness to take advantage of the law being rather troublesome, it should be
mentioned that according to government economic advisor and Yale professor Koicho Hamada that the failed effort by Prime Minister ShinzЕЌ Abe to
"re–interpret" the Japanese constitution so as to send military personnel overseas would risk angering its Pacific neighbors such as China, Korea,
Vietnam and other island nations as walking back on its apologies as well as losing support from conservative politicians on the mainland who have
made repeated demands that Japan must offer no apology during Abe's recent visit to Pearl Harbor. Idealism in security policy was institutionalized in
Article 9 of Japan's 1947 Constitution, making an idealism vs. realism schism become rather entrenched in the political arena during the 1950s . Other
scholars such as Robert Butow in "Japan's Decision to Surrender", it gave us a rather unique insight into such a fateful turning point during the 20th
century. After the atomic bombings of

Powers Of Powers
Current Event: Constitutions of the World
Part I: Powers of Branches, Powers granted/denied to government. Comparison of the US and Denmark
After all, there was a reason why the framers of the Constitution of the United States regulated the powers of the branches of government, and also
granted and denied powers to the government. In terms of powers to the branches, the framers wanted to have three separate branches of government
with their individual powers, working together to form a more synchronized and unified government. They also wanted to avoid the one–man–rules–all
monarchy of the British. Under the constitution, they separated the powers of the government into 3 branches, the Legislative branch, whose duty is to
make the laws, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Japan runs under a Constitutional Monarchy, however, like the US, they do have 3 branches of government. One of the main similarities between the
US and Japan is the supreme court. Both supreme courts are the highest law of the land, and both assume very similar powers, such as judicial reviews,
and declaring acts unconstitutional. Also similar to the United States, the National Diet, Japan's legislature has two houses, the House of Councillors,
and ironically, the House of Representatives. Japan's legislature assumes many of the same powers as the US Congress, as it has the ability to make
laws and control the national budget. Unlike the US, the National Diet has the power to select the Prime Minister of Japan with a majority ruling. A
main difference between the US and Japan is the executive branch. Japan has a national emperor, however, the emperor assumes no real political
power and is merely a figurehead. The political head of the executive branch is the Prime Minister, who has very similar powers as the President of the
United States. In terms of powers granted to the government, in Japan, they are almost all granted to the national governments. Unlike the United
States, the 47 prefectures (states) of Japan have little to no power, meaning most of the power of the Japanese government is coming straight from the
capital,

Case Study Of Porter's Diamond
Topic: Does Porter's 'Diamond' concept convincingly explain the achievements of major national business systems, or are their weaknesses,
theoretically and empirically, in his arguments?
There exist classical theories of international trade which discuss the reasons why particular industries and particular economies are more competitive
than the rest. In his book The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Michael E Porter argued or analyzed the broad factors which determined the
competitiveness of certain economies and industries. This model is based on four nation's specific factors and two external variables. The four
cornerstones of the diamond model are the factor conditions, the demand conditions, the related and supporting industries and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is interesting to note that nestles 95% percent of its revenue is earned outside its home based of Switzerland.
Rugman's analysis resulted in the "double diamond being creative which is a better tool to analyze the international competitiveness. Rugman's
criticism of Porters diamond appears have to be successful as Porter himself later on admitted that firms can have multiple home bases. For instance,
Mexico's economic future is closely linked to its neighbor the United States of America and also through North America. Hence the double diamond
proposed by Rugman proves to be more effective in determining Mexico's success/ resurgence in various economic sectors.
One of the four cornerstones of the Porters diamond is the importance of rivalry. In the year 1993 Lazonick argued that rivalry alone cannot cause
firms to innovate. He was of the opinion that when the firms face too much pressure from competitors, it may cause the companies to adapt and imitate
instead of innovation. For instance when US firms faced challenges from foreign competitor's cooperation rather than rivalry became necessary to
prevent loss of market share to foreign

Japan 's Culture And Its Unique Geography Essay
Japan's culture began with its unique geography as an island that is separated and isolated from other East Asian countries. While there are many
theories about modern's Japanese ancestor; however, most Japanese archaeologists believe the first people that lived and colonized in Japan was the
Ainu. The combined evidence of archeology, anthropology, and genetics have shown the indistinctive look between Ainu and the modern Japanese. In
their overall genetic makeup, the Ainu are related to other East Asians, include Japanese and Koreans. The distinctive appearance and hunter lifestyle
of the Ainu, and the indistinctive appearance and the intensive agricultural lifestyle of the Japanese have suggested that the Ainu are descended from
Japan's original hunter–gatherer inhabitants (Diamond). Japan independence includes three main dates. The most important and current constitution
adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution date was 3 May 1947. Other notable earlier dates include 660 B.C., traditional date of the founding of
the nation by Emperor JIMMU and 29 November 1890, date in which Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarchy (Japan). The most
important and major revolution in Japan's history was the Meiji Revolution, a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868
under Emperor Meiji. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure. The period spanned from 1868 to 1912 and
was responsible for the

Us Occupation In Japan Research Paper
The occupation in Japan was fully American controlled project. In order to achieve the goals in the Potsdam declaration, the US performed political,
economic, social, and educational reform in Japan. The US strategy to achieve the goals was demilitarization, disarmament, and democratization.
Before the US occupation, Japan had a fascist regime, which was an obstruction to democracy since authoritarianism did not accept democratic ideals.
With authoritarianism in Japan, parliaments did not control government; national economic development was pursued; and militarism was a major
instrument in foreign policy. It was important to work towards the goal of reconstructing fascist regime and ideology to introduce democracy. The US
occupation in Japan was successful in that it not only... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The new farmers mobilized their own political parties or interest groups. The economic programs that the US stipulated had the political rationale to
create anti–communist society in Japan. Similar to the Philippines, the education reform was significant means to create a democratic and peaceful
Japan. Japanese previous education system supported militarism in the curriculum. Therefore, the SCAP removed the emperor worship and militarism
from school textbooks and curriculums. They purged teachers who supported authoritarianism and encouraged teachers to liberalize the education. By
eliminating militarism and ultra–nationalism from Japanese education, the US sought to construct peaceful principles in the Japanese future. The US
occupation in Japan can be called successful because the US achieved to build a nation following the laws of the newly created Anglo–American
constitution. Although the economic reconstruction had a mixed result, the civil liberties such as women's rights and liberal educational system
improved since the

Changes In Japan Essay
Vanessa Covarrubias
Dr. Kopp
CRJU 360
13 December 2017
Changes in Japans and South Africa's Criminal Justice System
A Nations history has a strong influence on the way they decide upon new ideas and laws. Some countries undergo drastic measures in order to change
their injustice ways. Japan and South Africa both endured historical events that shaped the way their criminal justice is now.
Japan underwent a historical event that eliminated their old constitution and originated a new one. During the Mejia restoration Japanese feudalism
was overthrown, and Japan was introduced to Western political principles (Terrill, 2016). The Mejia restoration led to a transformation of an economic
system, and from that Japan adapted their first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, with the reconstruction of the constitution it established a cabinet form of government with a prime minister and it created a new
judicial system (Terrill, 2016). Additionally, South Africa also experienced previous movements that have changed their criminal justice system for the
better. South Africa during 1948–1994 underwent a long period of racial discrimination from the apartheid. During the ruling of the apartheid the
blacks were segregated from the whites. The apartheid created policies in order to protect the white society from being overpowered by the number
of colored people in the country (Kopp, 2017). They wanted a clear separation of blacks and whites. The apartheid becomes the top leaders of South
Africa after the British declared victory of the South African war (Lovell, 2017). They created laws in attempts to segregate the blacks from the whites,
for example, the apartheid constructed the native land act, which prohibited any interaction between the two races ( Lovell, 2017). The apartheid also
implemented rules prohibiting black youth from having the same education as the whites and also forcing blacks to carry around passes while they
were out in the streets. As a result, to this injustice implementation Nelson Mendela, Walter Sisulu, and Oliver Tambo formed an organization, known
as the youth league (Lovell, 2017). The youth league would participate in boycotts,

Japan's The Soviet War
wThe shift in policy (the reinterpretation of Article 9 and what is the changes) would mean Japan could assert itself as a military power in the region
and expand its influence globally, as well as provide the U.S. with a string military ally that act as a counterweight against an increasingly aggressive
China, Russia and North Korea.
The controversy with remilitarization lies in Japan's constitution, which forbids Japan from having a military. After WWII, Japan's wartime atrocities
were fresh on the mind of the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, General Douglas MacArthur. In order to eliminate the possibility of Japan ever
taking aggressive military action again, MacArthur and his senior officials wrote a new constitution for Japan, which pursued a number of reforms
including disbanding the military. Specifically, Article 9 states (states the article 9 point).
What is ironic is that even though the United States wrote Japan's pacifist constitution that disarmed the nation, the U.S. has been pushing for the
remilitarization of Japan since the Cold War. In 1952, the two nations signed the U.S.–Japan Peace Treaty, in which the U.S. recognized Japan's right to
join in collective defence and its United Nations right to defend itself as a sovereign nation. Over the years, it has become evident that despite the
benefits Japan has enjoyed from its peaceful constitution, the time has come for Japan to embody its right as a sovereign nation to provide its own
defence.
Whether

Life Under The Meiji Constitution
When SCAP drafted our constitution, I could not wait any seconds to read it. The constitution you created was so different from our former "Meiji
Constitution". Life under the "Meiji Constitution" was very brutal and hard, especially for a woman like me. We were not allowed to speak or act
against the war effort. If we ever do, we would have been killed or punished by the military regime. So I had to watch what I had to say and think.
When I found out about the new constitution, we were pleased to find the rights and liberties bestowed upon us. The new constitution had
Anglo–American and European democratic ideals. In section 10, it says, "the Japanese government shall remove all obstacles to the revival and
strengthening of democratic

Meiji Constitution Essay
Using specific examples from primary and secondary sources, address the following questions:
1.In the Meiji Constitution, the people of Japan are referred to as "subjects," not as citizens. What is the difference, and why is this significant?
"Subjects" were the people of Japan who had to follow, obey, and uphold the constitution, told that they had to conform, along with their ancestors and
descendants. They were not as valued as the citizens according to the Emperor.
The citizens were already considered to be as equal as the Emperor who had all the rights, respect, protection, and security.
2.According to the Meiji Constitution, what is the source of the Emperor's legitimacy as ruler of Japan?
The source of the Emperor's legitimacy as a ruler of Japan is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which also led to the defeating of the samurai castle disagreement. The shogun was also forced to resign, and the Emperor Mutsuhito regained his
traditional powers and assuming the name "enlightened rule" or "Meiji Restoration". Through the growing popular rights movement was a pressure on
the constitutional government, which later led to the cabinet system, finally they started the workings of the Meiji Constitution. The samurais no
longer received their upheld privileges, and the four–class legal system was abolished, leading the people of Japan to be considered equal. The first
railroad was built, and the first banking system was put into place.
5.Evaluate their significance in the context of Japan's response to Western influence in East Asia and the subsequent rise of Japan as an Asian power.
Japan studied Western political, military, technological, economic, and social reforms. In doing so, they were able to modernize Japan. The first time
Japan demonstrated their transformation into the modernized military power was when they defeated China in the Sino–Japanese War over rights in
Manchuria and

The Strategies The Meiji Government Used to Achieve...
The Strategies The Meiji Government Used to Achieve Economic Development?
The Meiji government during the 1880's created both an institutional and constitution structure that allowed Japan in the coming decades to be a stabile
and industrializing country. Two major policies and strategies that reinforced stability and economic modernization in Japan were the creation of a
national public education system and the ratification of the Meiji constitution.
Both these aided in stability and thus economic growth.
The creation of a national education system aided in creating stability because it indoctrinated youth in the ideas of loyalty, patriotism, and obedience.
Japan's education system at first stressed free thought and the ideas
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Japanese education system following the Rescript on Education served primarily to teach people what to think and not how to think; and as
Edwin Reischauer stated, "Japan pioneered in the modern totalitarian technique of using the educational system for indoctrination and was in fact
decades ahead of countries like Germany in perfecting these techniques." Japan's education system was a tool in creating for Japan a reliable
citizenry who respected the government and had the knowledge to act as "technically efficient clogs" in the new industries and
administration that an industrializing state created.
The ratification of the Meiji constitution drafted in the summer of
1887 and signed into law in 1889 helped create a stable constitutional order in
Japan. The constitution was a gift of the emperor to the people and was made up of a complicated set of checks and balances between the emperor, his
cabinet, and the Diet. The constitution although it granted voting rights to only one percent of the population in Japan was well received by the people
and played a critical role in lending legitimacy to the oligarchy (Genro) who ran the government. Before the constitution the Genro had little basis in
theory for their continued rule other then they spoke for the emperor. But the constitution with its elections and bicameral diet lender legitimacy to the
rule of the oligarchy. The constitution also brought Japan at least in the minds of the
oligarchy

Japan's Attack on Pearl Harbour Essay
Japan's Attack on Pearl Harbour
In December 1941, Pearl Harbour was attacked by the Japanese. It was the consequence of a series of events which brought tension between Japan
and America to boiling point. Japan was a country growing in power and stature and America soon came to realise that this growth could prove a
threat to them. America aimed to stop Japan's growth in its tracks as they realised that if the situation was left to evolve much longer then the situation
may be out of their control. However, it can be argued that by not seriously dealing with this threat until the 1940's, America had left things too late and
faced an opponent who would not back down.
Japan was a country of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the Washington Conferences in 1921, America reasoned with the Japanese government and decided that Japan's naval bases and naval arms would
be limited. For every 5 ships that America had, Japan would be allowed a maximum of 3. Although Japan agreed, they still aimed to expand more so
that they could become one of the major world powers.
The Great Depression in America hit Japan with force. Japan was affected because America's trade was vital to Japan's survival. Trade with
America became limited and Japans economic prosperity was at risk. Japan needed more imports. The army decided on a militaristic option and
seized Manchuria, as it had rich supplies of raw materials such as coal, iron ore, timber and rice. They believed that by expanding, Japan could
become more powerful. As Japanese troops were already stationed in Manchuria, it proved an easy target for the Japanese. The Americans, focusing on
their own needs, did not interfere with the seizing of Manchuria. This proved to be a bad decision for them as their trade links with China were badly
affected, but more importantly Because of the success in Manchuria the military gained power. The public became more enthusiastic and supportive of
militaristic nationalism. This led to the military running the government by the late 1930s as many people supported

Essay on Japanese Economic Developent Post World War II
World War II left many powerful nations in smoke and rubble. The deconstruction of many countries gave them the chance to rebuild their cities and
economies. No country took more advantage of this opportunity than Japan. Japan was a huge militaristic power in World War
II . Their aggressive behavior caused them to be stripped of their military and their power for self rule. The demilitarization of Japan changed the
country's focus from world militaristic domination to world economic domination. The country established free trade, manufactured goods, and
improved and invented technology, making themselves one of the largest economic superpowers in the world.
World WarII ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many
were killed; others lay withering on the ground, screaming in agony
from the intolerable pain of their burns. Everything standing upright in
the way of the blast, wall, houses, factories, and other buildings, was
annihilated (Beck et al p.841).
That day 73,000 of 365,000 died in the city of Hiroshima (Samurai and Swastika). Three days after Hiroshima the U.S. dropped a second atomic
bomb over Japan. This time the bomb dropped on the city of Nagasaki. The bomb killed 37,500 instantly; the radiation later killed more. The two
bombs devastated Japan.
The nation of Japan was torn between wanting to continue the war and wanting to surrender. The Japanese government finally agreed to the surrender
terms from the United States.
The Japanese Emperor urged the Japanese to lay down their weapons. They surrendered to
General Douglas MacArthur of the United States on September 2, 1945. The surrender took place aboard the United States battleship Missouri in
Tokyo Bay (Beck et al p.841). The surrender was first signed by the Japanese foreign minister and then by General Umezu Yoshijiro.
The

The Culture And Business Practices Of Japan
Introduction
221 Baker plans to open a store in Tokyo, Japan by the end of the 2016 fiscal year. By conducting research by utilizing the World Wide Web and an
informative interview by Sensei Mako Nozu, we have gathered substantial information about the culture and business practices of Japan. We feel as if
our knowledge has equipped us to succeed in this widely misunderstood market. Venture Japan stated that "many foreign countries never do start
business in Japan (or enter the market through a distributor) because of the misconception, fueled by those infamous myths of doing business in Japan,
that dealing with the Japanese business culture is somehow too risky" (Venture Japan). We are ready to take on this "risk" as many other... Show more
For example, if your shift is at 9 A.M. you are expected to be dressed, clocked in, and at your desk before that time (Nozu). Also, in every situation
you find yourself in, you should be aware of how people are perceiving you, as this is extremely important to the Japanese. It is very common for
the Japanese to go out after work to bars, karaoke 's, or restaurants. If you are invited you should make an effort to go, as good relationships with
those whom you work with are important. The well being of the group is always placed above the individual in their culture. If a Japanese business
is not doing well the CEO would cut his own pay so that it could be fairly distributed to his employees. Things like this, that we may not see in
Western business practices, are all part of the unified country of Japan.Family Life
As the Japanese are very social and place a lot of emphasis on strong bonds, family is extremely important. Families in Japan are referred to as "ie"
and are all registered to the same "koseki" or official government document (Bestor). The structure is very similar that seen in Western culture where
the mother, father, and children reside together. It is common for older relatives to live with a family, and if they do not, there is an old saying that
"even if an extended family does not live together, parents and grandparents should live near enough to carry over a bowl of hot

Comparison Of Japan And The Meiji Constitution
3rd verse of the 1st chapter of Meiji Constitution (Dainihon Teikoku Kenpou) describes Japanese Emperor as a sacred person whose relation with
Japanese gods, and inviolable. In addition, these religious characters explained further by 4th verse, stated the Emperor was the head of Empire.
These 2 verses of Japan Meiji Constitution provided legitimation of Emperor power from religious side and he governed Japan as empire with it. This
is the basic concept of Japanese modern imperial system (Tennoousei Kokka) and it puts Shinto as state religion (Kokka Shintou). However, Kokka
Shinto existance as ideology was not so old, since it was an acumullation of some concept developed by Late–Mitogaku and Hirata Atsutane stream of
Kokugaku, in other words,

The Meiji Restoration : Change And Domitarianism In Japan
While modern Japan and the Orthodox have worked together to maintain the country's traditional and cultural sensitivity, they have cooperated with
modernization in order to promote the advancement of their country. Orthodox and Japan have managed to cooperate as Japan continues to hold to
the orthodox traditions as a conservative society, preserve orthodox traditions and continue to have their lifestyle influenced by the traditional
orthodox views. Japan has always and continues to hold strong to the orthodox as a conservative society. At the same time, they are curious people,
and are willing to accept change and modernization. The event known as the "Meiji Restoration" is a good example of Japan's ability to merge their
orthodox tradition with modern policies and systems. The Meiji Restoration began in 1868 when the Tokugawa shogun lost his power and the emperor
took rule. The Meiji Restoration resulted in a "highly centralized, bureaucratic government" (The Meiji Restoration and Modernization, Asia for
Educators). Before the Restoration began, Japan lost control to its foreign trade and legal system to the Western powers, such as countries from
Europe and the United States. However, Japan eventually managed to retake control of their legal and trade system. In order to do this, the emperor
formed a group from younger and lower rank samurais. With advice from these samurais, the emperor was able to establish a "constitution establishing
an elected parliament", a "highly

Essay on American Post-War Occupation of Japan
American Post–War Occupation of Japan
The intent of the United States' occupation of Japan was to neutralize the threat of another war, to nourish the Japanese economy back to health, and to
provide a stable democratic government for the defeated nation. With General Douglas MacArthur acting as the supreme commander in charge of the
occupation, Japan changed drastically. Special attention was paid to the areas of military, economy, and government. The effects of the United States'
occupation of Japan were profound almost beyond reckoning, and have had enormous impacts on modern Japanese society as well as on almost every
other society in the modern world and throughout the course of history.
The original occupation plan, conceived by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And if it was right in 1946 and wrong in 1953, why doesn't the United States admit for once that it made a mistake? And I'm going to say something
that I think perhaps ought to be done more by people in public life. I'm going to admit right here that the United States did make a mistake in 1946.
We made a mistake because we misjudged the intention of the Soviet leaders." (Walt 168)
Although the United States did well in eliminating any future threats from Japan, it was realized later on that Japan was left in the midst of a violent
wave of communism with no means of defense but for the United States which did not wish for a direct war on the Soviets, who backed all communist
countries.
After disarmament was complete, MacArthur's next task was to see that Japan adopted a new, and democratic, constitution. When the Japanese
government proved too confused or too reluctant to write a constitutional reform that satisfied MacArthur, he had his own staff draft a new constitution
in February of 1946. This, with only minor changes made to please the conservative groups in Japan, was then adopted by the Japanese government in
the form of an imperial amendment to the 1889 constitution. Japan's new democracy went into effect on May 3, 1947. The new constitution was a
perfection of the British parliamentary form of government that the Japanese had been moving toward in the 1920's. Supreme political power was
assigned to

Yakuza
Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth century, criminal organizations have begun to develop within various nations throughout the world. Some of
these criminal organizations consist of various national and ethnic groups who centralized themselves as a single enterprise and various illegal activity
which results in monetary gains, such as drug trafficking, racketeering, human trafficking, setting up illegal gambling establishments, and corrupting
the local government with members of their own. For example, the Mexican drug cartels control one of the vast drug routes in Latin America while the
Sicilian Mafia have set up a large protection racketing system throughout Italy. TheYakuzahave established themselves in Japan and are ... Show more
Members who violate codes and attack innocents such as family members and children are viewed as thugs by high rank members of the Yakuza and
are expelled from the organization sometimes (77). A high ranking official from inside the Yakuza has stated, " The Yakuza have existed this long
because the police have allowed us to exist and we have cooperated with them to some extent. Those days are gone, as we are being replaced
internally and externally by thugs and gangs who make no pretense in having codes at all." (Kaplan 78). Many old generation Yakuza members believe
the Yakuza itself has become deluded when various criminals who do not follow these codes of conduct join the organization. The traditional Yakuza
members believe it is the reason why the Japanese government went after Yakuza. (79). The Yakuza, unlike most criminal organizations in the world,
do not exist in secrecy. The Yakuza have made themselves public and have set many offices throughout Japanese, which are surrounded by barb and
armed guards (43). They also have created printed business cards for their organization and published magazines detailing their criminal society. Some
of their activities are actually legitimate business operations, such as running construction projects and various public works projects, real estate firms,
and finance operations such

Reconstruction Of Japan Essay
The Reconstruction of Japan After the United States defeated Japan in World War II, Japan was left with devastating casualties and reparations to be
done. The United States wanted to secure Japan and wanted to influence them, that way Japan would not turn to Soviet communism during the Cold
War. In order to make proper reparations, General Douglas A. MacArthur was in charge of the restoration of Japan. MacArthur proposed a
reconstruction program which included military, political, economic, and social reforms. So the United States could be able to impose the reconstruction
program in Japan, the Allied powers wanted to disarm Japan, deal with colonies, stabilize the economy, and prevent remilitarization. General
MacArthur began to work on the reconstruction of Japan in September, 1945 and divided the reconstruction was to be divided into three phases. The
three phases were to reform Japan, revive the economy, and a formal peace treaty and alliance with the United States. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Allies broke up the Japanese army and forbid the officers from having political roles in the new government the United States was going to create.
McArthur also, economically wanted to increase the power on farmers and reduce rich power, because they supported the idea of Japanese expansion.
For the transformation of the Japanese economy McArthur wanted to shape the Japan's economy into a free market capitalism structure. The United
States wanted to restore Japan's economy, because that way they will refuse to Soviet communism. Furthermore, Japan was given a new constitution,
this constitution cased greater changes. Some of the changes that occurred with this new constitution is that Japan was to repudiate the idea to wage
war, give woman suffrage, and most importantly is that there would be an emperor, but give more power to the

Emperor Jimmu
Emperor Jimmu, the first Emperor of Japan, officially formed Japan in 660 Before Common Era (BCE.) Throughout Japan's 2600 years of history,
there have been many wars and conflicts fought across Japan and the Pacific region. Through the ages, Japan has always had an Emperor at the head of
its government, although this role has changed through time. Japan saw many economic changes, the biggest of which occurred after World War II
(WWII). With Japan's history, woven in war throughout the Pacific has become a model of strong political standing and near immeasurable economic
growth. Japanese chronicles record Jimmu's expedition heading eastward from Hyuga in 607 BCE, continuing along Japan's inland sea, subduing tribes
as he went, and ending in Yamato, where he centered his power (Jimmu LegendaryEmperor of Japan, 2016.) Emperor Jimmu, formally Jimmu Tenno,
is said to be a descendent of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu. The current Emperor of Japan, His Royal Majesty (HIM) Akihito, is a direct descendent of
over 50 generations of Jimmu's bloodline. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The IJA started with a limited number of trained troops; conscripts filled the gaps between Officers and Soldiers. Conscription is the enrollment of
persons, especially for military service, which was similar to the Draft in the United States (Definition of Conscription, 2016). In 1872 CE, the first
law concerning conscription in Japan was enacted, though the idea dates back to as early as 645CE. While feudalism was being developed and
created, there was a rapid decline of the semi–independent peasantry, and finally the complete subjugation of peasants to the Daimyo and Samurai
classes (Norman, 1977.) This subjugation led to peasants taking up arms for their Daimyo. A peasant with a pitchfork, sword, or ax couldn't defeat a
single Samurai one on one however, hundreds were joining these

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