Case Study , fungi application in sea water Bio-refinery process for Boiethanol production from palm oil empty fruit bunch.

1. Title : Fungi Application In Sea Water
Bio-refinery Process For Bioethanol
Production From Palm Oil Empty
Palm Oil Fruit Bunch (POEFB).
DURKALETCHUMI MOGAN A16MB0030
SASIKUMAR KOVALAN A16MB0205
SHAMINI CHANDRAN A16MB0210
RAJMEERA KRISHINEN KOOTE A16MB0280
HARIPRIYA ANPARASAN A16MB0271
DURKALETCHUMI MOGAN A16MB0030
SASIKUMAR KOVALAN A16MB0205
SHAMINI CHANDRAN A16MB0210
RAJMEERA KRISHINEN KOOTE A16MB0280
HARIPRIYA ANPARASAN A16MB0271
SMBB 2323 - MYCOLOGY

2. A) Type Of Waste Generated By Palm Oil Industry
Palm oil empty fruit bunch (POEFB)~30million ton
PKC (Palm Kernel Cake)~2.3 million ton
Branches and oil palm trunks, leaves of palm trees
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME).
•Extra info on statistics :
INTRODUCTION

3. 3
B) Analysis Of Palm Oil Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch (POEFB) And
Sea Water.
POEFB contains high concentrations of protein, nitrogenous compounds,
carbohydrate, lipids and minerals that could be converted into useful material
using microbial process.
 Palm oil mill effluent which is spilled in sea contains typically large amount
of total solids, oil and grease, nitrogen, and ash. It has high in BOD and COD.
When discharged into water bodies it turns the water brown, smelly, and
slimy and causes anoxygenation.

4. 4
C ) Benefits Of Using POEFB
 Contains cellulose and lignin is a possible substrate for growing
fungus.Example : Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).
 Used as fuel to generate steam in waste-fuel boilers for processing, and
power- generation with steam turbines.
 Produce fertilizers through anaerobic treating system.
Used in composting treatment (cost-effective and environmentally-
friendly solution to dispose waste) in this way added-value can be increased
and overcome the environmental problems.

5. Type and Role of Fungi
Saccharomyces cerevisiae - special yeast-most
intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in
molecular and cell biology.
Main microorganism behind the most common type
of fermentation.
S. cerevisiae cells are round to ovoid, 5–10 μm in
diameter. It reproduces by a division process known
as budding.
It grows very rapidly on POME environment and also
to eliminate a long duration for start up of the
process. S. Cerevisiae is capable of utilizing both
glucose and galactose simultaneously.
To degrade the palm oil effluent
that results from EFB discharged
in sea water and convert it to
bioethanol through fermentation
process.
CRITERIA
ORIGIN
WHY?
STRUCTURE
ROLE
Kingdom Fungi
Phylum Ascomycota
Order Saccharomycotina
Family Saccharomycetales
Genus Saccharomycetaceae
species S. cerevisae

6. Collection of POME from
industrial waste water area
Isolation of Saccharomyces
cerevisiae from mangrove swampsDilution
Pour plate method on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium
supplemented with chloramphenicol.
Isolation
Pure colonies were obtained and stored
Isolates were also tested for their
ability to growth at 37°C and 40°C
Screening of Isolates for Biomass Production
and COD Reduction
Sterile POME medium (control)
Changes in the COD and physicochemical parameters of
POME were monitored throughout the fermentation
period.
Preparation of Yeast Inoculum
for Growth in POME.
Cellulases are the enzymes that degraded cellulose.
([1,4-(1,3:1,4)-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4], a multiple enzyme
system consisting of endo-1,4,-β-D-glucanases [1,4-β-D-glucanases
(CMCase, EC 3.2.1.4)] also known as endoglucanases, exo-1,4,-β-D-
glucanases [1,4-β-D-glucan cellobiohydrolase, FPA, EC 3.2.1.91] also known
as exoglucanases and β-glucosidase (cellobiase) (β-d-glucoside
glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21)
Synergistically to convert
cellulose into glucose.
M
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C
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7. 7
ADVANTAGES OF USING
LIGNOCELLULOSE
Does not
interfere food
supply
Able to overcome
environmental
problems in order
to create zero
waste and
sustainable
industry
Improved
hydrolysis
results
Cost effective
PhysicalPhysicalChemical

8. MECHANISM 2
UTILIZATION OF SUGAR FOR
BIOETHANOL
FUNGI
Saccharomyce
s cerevisiae
 HYDROLYSIS
- breakdown the feedstocks
into fermentable sugar for
bioethanol production
 PRETREATMENT
- - physical, chemical,
biological, physicochemical.
 PRETREATMENT
- - physical, chemical,
biological, physicochemical.
 FERMENTATION
- 3 process ( separate hydrolysis and
fermentation(SHF), simultaneous
saccharification and
fermentation(SSF), simultaneous
saccharification and co-
fermentation( SSCF).
-batch, fed-
batch, repeated
batch or
continuous
batch.
*Saccharomyces
cerevisiae KL17
( highest bioethanol
production)
* PARAMETERS
- temperature (35°C-45°C)
- pH ( 4.8-5.0)
- fermentation time.
- agitation rate.
- inoculum size.

9. CONCLUSION
In summary, bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass
is comprised of three main processes :
* pre-treatment
* enzymatic saccharification
* fermentation.
 Through the enzymatic saccharification process,carbohydrates
(cellulose and hemicellulose) polymers get transformed into free
monomeric sugars.

10. References
 Ahmad Kurnin NA, Shah Ismail MH, Yoshida H, Izhar S, Ahmad Kurnin
NA, Shah Ismail MH, Yoshida H, Izhar S; J Oleo Sci. 2016;65(4):283-9.
 Amal Nafissa Mohd Tabi Et Al ;The Usage Of Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) And
Palm Pressed Fibre (Ppf) Jurnal Teknologi, 49(f) Dis. 2008: 189–196,
 Joy O. Iwuagwu and J. Obeta Ugwuanyi, Treatment and Valorization of
Palm Oil Mill Effluent through Production of Food Grade Yeast Biomass,
Journal of Waste Managemen ; (2014).
 Ghasem Najafpour*, Hii Ai Yieng, Habibollah Younesi, Aliakbar
Zinatizadeh;Effect of organic loading on performance of rotating
biological contactors using Palm Oil Mill effluents(2004).
Azhar, S. H., Abdulla, R., Jambo, S. A., Marbawi, H., Gansau, J. A., Faik, A. A., &
Rodrigues, K. F. (2017). Yeasts in sustainable bioethanol production: A
review. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports, 10, 52-61.
doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.03.003