1. Design of a Dual-band MIMO Antenna for
5G Smartphone Application
Multi-Antenna Techniques and its applications
Submitted to:
Prof. Xiaoming Chen
Submitted by:
Saif Rehman Mohammad
Faisal shahriyar
Muhammad Umer
Nousheen Akhtar
2. Contents
• Introduction
• Cellphone Communication System (4G/5G).
• 5G challenges
• Simulation Design
• Result Analysis
• Future work
• Conclusions
• References
3. Introduction
• A Dual-band MIMO antenna for the 5G communication is proposed in this paper.
• The proposed antenna consists of four antennas operating at two frequency setups;
3300-3600 MHz and 4800-5000 MHz.
• The Design is quite peculiar as it is mounted normally to the base of the PCB making it easier to be
applied in smartphones.
• According to the propose simulation, the reflection coefficient of the modulus is less than 6 decibels.
• The isolation factors is better than 12 decibels at proposed frequencies; 3300-3600 MHz and 4800-
5000MHz.
• The following applications are considered very good in 5G applications.
4. Introduction
• In order to meet the needs of modern 5G wireless communication system, study of the 5G
smartphone antenna has great application value.
• In early 2013, the EU launched the METIS (mobile and wireless communications enablers for the
2020 information society) .
• China and South Korea set up IMT-2020 (5G) Propulsion Team and 5G Technology respectively.
• Presently, various countries are conducting extensive researches on further 5G development, its
vision, applications, and maybe future prospects with 6G communication.
Figure - 1
6. Cellphone communication systems (4G – 5G)
• 5G is much more economical in rural areas due as not many BS maybe required per number of
users.
• Has lower latency (8- 12 milliseconds), and less power consumption.
• If correctly parameterized, has higher data rate on channel carrier, along with noise cancellation
effects.
• Massive Base Stations. MIMO concept applied.
• IP based communication, for more channel isolation, less noise losses and more data accuracy.
• Miniaturization and multi-cell array antennas offer the possibility of high-speed data transmission,
but poses challenges for cell phone antenna designs.
• 5G uses millimeter waves - (shorter than microwaves), have high date rate but have trouble passing
through walls.
7. How MIMO Antenna Works
• Method for multiplying the capacity of a radio link using multiple transmission and receiving
antenna to exploit multipath propagation
• Sending and receiving more than one data signal simultaneously over the same radio channel.
Figure - 3
8. Factors - 5G challenges
• Fading problems
• Caused by constructive and destructive waves, can be removed by adding more antennas with
different signal levels.
• Maximum ratio combining
• Gives a combining effect reducing destructive wave. The waves are formed in Digital
environment
• Deep wave covering
• More antennas can be added, incase two antennas are in deep wave, the third will cover.
Maximum ratio combining can also be taken as a factor.
• Mutual coupling
• Adding more antennas increases planes but also start to fade each other.
• Radiation pattern distortion
• Radiation pattern maybe distorted by the current induced in 2nd antenna
9. Increasing antennas is good?
• Diversity Gain decreases as the number of antennas are increases.
• This increase the chances of signal cross talk.
Figure - 4(a) Figure - 4(b)
10. Factors - MIMO Base Stations
• To reduce millimeter effects, massive
MIMO – BS are used.
• The small antennas transmit bitstreams of
data simultaneously in a process called
beamforming.
• This is more efficient than 4G-BS as
signal is not transmitted over a large
area which consumes more power.
• The BS server will calculate the best
route to reach each wireless device.
• Multiple antennas will work together
mm beams to reach that device. Figure – 5
11. Design parameters
• The proposed antenna is designed on the side of the PCB to meet the trend of modern ultra smart
phones.
• The single antenna designed can be operated at the bands of;
3300 - 3600 MHz and 4800 - 5000 MHz
• The height of the edge frame is kept 5mm.
• The area of the side frames is 3.9 mm x 17 mm.
• The system circuit board is selected to have an area of 130mm x 74mm.
• The substrate is FR-4 lossy with a thickness of only 0.8mm (loss tangent 0.02).
• The radiation part is L-shape stub at the back.
• used for high frequency impedance matching.
• The expected S-parameters are under -6 dB
22. VSWR
VSWR is a function of the reflection coefficient, which is described by the ratio of voltage reflected from the
antenna to the voltage delivered to antenna. [7]
Figure - 16 Obtained VSWR from simulation
23. Total Gain
• The term Antenna Gain describes how much power is transmitted in the direction of peak radiation to
that of an isotropic source.[8]
Figure - 17 Total Gain from the simulate antenna
24. Radiation Pattern
Radiation pattern is the variation of the power radiated by an antenna as a function of the direction/angle
away from the antenna. This power variation as a function of the arrival angle is observed in the antenna's far
field. [9]
Figure - 18 Obtained radiation pattern from the simulation
26. Factors (ECC)
• For simulation purposes of MIMO antenna’s, ECC’s are calculated.
• ECC (Envelope Correlation Coefficient), tells us how two or more independent radiation patterns
are to each other.
• If one antenna in horizontal and the other is completely vertical, the two antennas would have zero
correlation.
• If one antenna only radiated energy towards the sky and the other towards the ground, their ECC
would also be zero.
• Hence, ECC takes into account the following:
• Radiation pattern shape
• Polarization
• Relative phase between two antennas.
27. Comparison of ECC
(a) (b) (c)
Figure - 20 Envelop Correlation Coefficient of (a) 4x4 MIMO (b) 6x6 MIMO[2] (c) 8x8 MIMO [3]
28. Comparison of ECC
For both Low Band and High Band, ECC of 4x4 MIMO antenna is least compared to
6x6 and 8x8 MIMO antennas. Which is desired in practical field and 4x4 antenna is
commercially efficient as well.
4x4 MIMO 6x6 MIMO 8x8 MIMO
Low Band 0.01 0.03 0.1
High Band 0.001 0.01 0.04
29. Antenna Efficiency
• Antenna Efficiency can be defined as
“the ratio of power radiated from antenna to
the power delivered to antenna.”
• A. E =
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑎 (𝑃𝑟)
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑎 (Pr +𝑃𝑙)
30. Antenna Efficiency
• From the efficiency point of view, the larger the radiation resistance,
the larger the efficiency factor.
• Commonly we quote it in percentage but we can also use decibels.
• A. E =
𝑅𝑟
𝑅𝑟+𝑅𝑙
31. Comparison of Antenna Efficiency
Fig - 21(a) Fig - 21 (b) Fig - 21 (c)
Figure : Antenna Efficiency of (a) 4x4 MIMO (b) 6x6 MIMO [2] (c) 8x8 MIMO [3]
32. Comparison with other designs MIMO
4x4 MIMO 6x6 MIMO 8x8 MIMO
Low Band 85% 65% 53%
High Band 53% 78% 59%
Low Band: For 4x4 MIMO the average efficiency in Low Band is around 85%, for
6x6 MIMO is 65% and 8x8 MIMO is 53% approximately.
High Band: While in high band it is 53%,78% and 59% respectively.
33. Design Comparison
Fig - 22(a) Fig - 22(b) Fig - 22(c)
Figure - 15: Simulated Design of (a) 4x4 MIMO (b) 6x6 MIMO [2] (c) 8x8 MIMO
35. User Hand Effect
• Antenna’s performances will be reduce by 18% if the human hands are in close proximity. [4]
• 4 antennas not practically efficient as smartphones remain mostly in the users hand.
• Same issue comes with 6x6 MIMO design.
• 4x4 MIMO design has the least User Hand Effect.
36. Conclusion
• A dual-band (4 antenna) MIMO array for 5G smartphone applications is
proposed.
• The proposed antenna is located on the side frame, to create a full screen
smartphone antenna design.
• Its ECC offers the best results
• It is the most efficient for Lower Bands, but the Higher Band efficiency can
be improved by simple design changes following the 6x6 antenna design.
• To achieve a relatively high isolation, the antenna size is relatively small,
ideal for today's ultra-thin smartphone communications.
37. Future work and Perspective
• As we see that A.E in high band is low so our intention to increase it in
higher band. From analysis of three paper we propose that antenna is
design on the top surface of circuit board .
• We can work on tri band and also focus on increasing the antenna number
and decreasing size more..
38. References
[1] Weijun Z, Zibin W, Lei W. ‘Design of a Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G Smartphone Application’.
[2] Huanqing Z, Yixin L, Huafeng S, Hongwei W, Guangli Y. ‘Design of 6×6 Dual-Band MIMO Antenna Array for
4.5G/5G Smartphone Applications’.
[3] Huanqing Z, Yixin L, Chow-Yen-Desmond S, Guangli Y. ‘Design of 8x8 dual-band MIMO antenna array for 5G
smartphone applications’. Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng. 2018;28:e21420.
[4] Zhao K, Zhang S, Ishimiya K, Ying Z, He S. Body-insensitive multimode MIMO terminal antenna of double-ring
structure. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag. 2015;63(5):1925–1936.
[5] Z. Ying, C. Chiu, K. Zhao, S. Zhang and S. He, “Antenna Design for Diversity and MIMO Application. Handbook
of Antenna Technologies,”2015
[6] http://www.antenna-theory.com/definitions/envelope-correlation-coefficient-ecc.php
[7] http://www.antenna-theory.com/definitions/vswr.php
[8] www.antenna-theory.com/basics/gain.php
[9] www.antenna-theory.com/basics/radpattern.php
[10] Slides of Professor Xiaoming Chen
