The document discusses residual toxicity on food commodities and its effects on human health. It notes that toxic residues enter the food supply through pesticides, industrial effluents, and growth hormones used in food production. Common food items like fruits, vegetables, grains, meat and dairy often contain hazardous residues that can cause acute or chronic health issues. Mitigation strategies discussed include following recommended pesticide usage, government regulations on residue limits, and promoting organic farming. Overall the rampant use of toxins in conventional food production poses a serious threat to human well-being.

1. Presentation
On
Residual Toxicity on Food Commodities &
Their Effects on Human Health and their
Mitigation
Presented by
Rama Krishna Satyaraj Guru
M.Sc. (Ag.) Agronomy, Prev. Year
Department of Agronomy

2. Overview
 Introduction
 Toxic residue in food commodities
 Health problem
 Mitigation

3. Introduction
The toxic residue is a substance or mixture of substances in food,
feed, soil, water and air originating from the use of pesticides,
industrial effluent water, growth hormones and includes the
specified degradation and conversion products, metabolites,
reaction products and impurities (Dhaliwal, 2006).

4. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
(FAO) defines a pesticide as any substance or mixture of
substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling
any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease,
unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during
or otherwise interfering with the production, processing,
storage or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood
and wood products or animal feedstuffs or which may be
administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids
or other pests in or on their bodies.
Pesticides

5. ANNUAL PESTICIDE
CONSUMPTION(millions of kilograms)
Source:- Worldatlas, as on 25 April, 2017
C H I N A
1806
1
U S A
386
2
B R A Z I L
76
3
I N D I A
40
4

6. Toxic chemical way into our Body
Egg & Meat

7. Cereal and Pulses
Source:-Evaluation of Pesticide Residues in Rice, Wheat and Pulses of Bidar District Karnataka-
India, MoA & FW

8. Fruits & Vegetables
 Copper Sulphate- Gives vegetables a fresh green look
Use in pointed gourd
Causes severe gastrointestinal problem
Affects the liver
 Calcium chloride- for the whiteness of Cabbage
Affect the nervous system
 Oxytocin- Use mostly in Brinjal, Lady’s Finger, Pumpkin,
Watermelon
Doubles it sizes in few hours
 Chlorpyrifos:- residue in apple

9. Dairy Products
 Synthetic Oxytocin- Use to increase milk production in
cows
Harmful Effect- Premature puberty at age 9 or 10 in girls
Gynaecomastia in boys
Liver and Kidney problem
Sterile birth
 Synthetic Milk= Urea+ Caustic Soda+ Cooking oil+
Detergent+ Water+ Natural milk
Harmful Effect-Loss of sight & hearing
Cause breast cancer and prostate cancer
Impotency in men

10.  Arsenic in Meat:- Skin lesion, Hypertension
 Flunixin in Meat:- Fecal blood, Ulcer, renal necrosis
 Dioxin in meat:- Skin lesion, Failure Immune System
 Tetracycline, Cyprofloxin, Chloramphenicol:- Use as Growth
promoters, Feed additive in poultry
Harmful effect:-Antibiotic-resistant strain of diseases
 Sodium benzoate:- Use to preserve fish for longer time
Harmful effect:-Parkinson’s Disease, Genetic disorder
Fish, Meat and Poultry product

11.  BPA (Bisphenol A) in bottled water:- Endocrine Disruptor
Infertility
 Bromate in bottled water:- Hair losses, Kidney problem
 Arsenic and Lead in Soft drink:- Brain and Kidney damage
Affects the reproductive system
 Phthalates in fast food:- Generally use to make plastic flexible
Harmful Effect:- Mimic hormones in body
Birth defects
 MSG( Monosodium glutamate) in Fast foods:- High dose cause headaches
Obesity
Water, Soft drink & Fast foods

12. Endosulfan: the spray of death
 Plantation Corporation of Kerala Ltd. the largest public
sector plantation organisation
 Endosulfan was sprayed in the cashew plantations in
Cheemeni estate from 1978 onwards regularly three
times every year.
 It was sprayed aerially by using helicopters and small
planes
 plantations are mostly in mountainous areas, the
pesticide drained and got washed down the slopes during
rains into drinking water below.

13. Continue…
Health Issue
 1979, stunted growth and deformed limbs were noticed among new
born calves
 1990s, mental retardation, physical deformities, cerebral palsy,
epilepsy, hydrocephalus etc. found in new born baby.
 Daily intake of even 0.006 mg endosulfan per kg of body weight by
humans could be harmful.
 The Supreme Court of India had passed an interim order on May 13,
2011, as a major number of victims were reported to be affected in
Kasargode (Kerala), and banned the production, distribution and
use of endosulfan

14. Acute Health problems
 Dermal and ocular irritation (or allergic response)
 Upper and lower respiratory tract irritation
 Allergic responses / asthma (fungicides)
 Gastrointestinal symptoms
 Neurological symptoms
 Bleeding (warfarin-based rodenticides)
 Caustic lesions and pulmonary fibrosis

15.  Alzheimer’s Disease
 Asthma
 Birth and Foetal Defects
 Cancer
 Endocrine Disruption
 Parkinson’s Disease
 Diabetes
 ADHD (Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder)
 Reproductive Health Effects
Chronic Health problems

16. Alzheimer’s Disease
Cancer
Diabetes

17. FARMERMITIGATION

18. WASHING PEELING
CONSUMER
AWARNESS

19. APRIL
MAY99
98
82
6
Markett
APRIL
MAY
80
75
70
82
63
Rinsed
APRIL
MAY
90
85
82
Peeled
Effect of Postharvest preparation on Organophosphate Insecticide
residues in Apples
DFK Rawn, SC Quade, WF Sun, M Smith
Source:-Journal Agriculture & Food Chemistry, ACS Publications, 2008
Phosalone
Azinphos methyl
Phosmet
95
5 9 4

20. Farmer
 Recommended dose of pesticides application
 Maintenance of proper Code of Conduct
 Maintenance of recommended Waiting Period

21. Government
 No legal limit on number of different pesticides use in
food.
 No limit on amount of pesticides use.
 Proper monitoring of food processing industries.
 More emphasis on the organic food production system.
e.g.- Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
 Impose ban on pesticides causing severe health effect on
human being.

22. Conclusion
The rampant use of pesticides, growth hormones and toxic
chemical during production, processing and storage of food
commodities stands as a serious threat to the human well
being.

24. References
 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
 Jeffermen Daniel. 2011.Effect of Postharvest preparation on
Organophosphate Insecticide residues in Apple. Agricultural & Food
Chemistry Journal.
 < https://www.epa.gov/roe/ >Pesticide Residues in Food
 Health effects of agricultural pesticides. Biomedical Research 2017.
 Pesticide Contamination in Food: A Review. Journal of Agriculture
and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS), 2013.
 Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). Toxic chemical in our
foods.