pesticide poisoning is world wide problem now a days. In this PPt i would like to share the deleterious effects of pesticide and neuro toxic issues.

1. 1
Pesticide poisoning –
Cognitive Brain & issues
V. Magendira Mani
Research Scholar
Department of Biochemistry
Adhiparasakthi College of Arts & Science
G.B Nagar , Kalavai.

2.  Pesticides are toxic chemicals used to kill pest,
insects, rodents, and weeds that might harm our
crops and our health
 The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture,
public health and household environments results
in continuous exposure of human populations and
cause pesticide poisoning.

3. Exposure
Route
Diet
Occupational
Exposure
Accidental
exposure
Mosquito
coil &
Repellent
Water
Suicide
Spray Drift
Agriculture
gardens
Milk

4. Don’t
Drink & Eat
The
“Pesticide Pool”!
Pesticide contents in soft drinks
IMA (Indian Medical Association)
Thums Up - 7.2 %
Coke - 9..4 %
7 Up - 12.5 %
Mirinda - 20.7 %
Pepsi - 10.9 %
Fanta - 29.1 %
Sprite - 5.3 %
Frooti - 24.5 %
Maza - 19.3 %

5. Exposure
Leads to
Death
Extinction
species
Hormone
Disruption
Birth
defects
Mutation
Cancer
Nuro
degenerative
disorder

6. 30 millionpeople affected.
2,50,000 to 5,00,000 mortality
7,50, 000 chronicillnesses
1,00,000 affected by
birth defect, mutation
&
Neurodegenerative disorder
Pesticide poisoning WHO reports

7. December 3, 1984
40 tons of MIC gas leaked
From UCC
immediatelykilling3,800
20,000 premature deaths
halfmillionpeople affected
by
birth defect, mutation
&
Neurodegenerative
disorder
THE BHOPAL DISASTER

8. In India, last October, the Hindu newspaper reported
that there was over a 2,50,000-3,00,000 farmers
suicides between 1995 and 2015 the worst ever
recorded wave of suicides of this kind in human
history.
In 2010, the state of Tamilnadu witnessed a total of
14,424 suicides.
In India, July 2015, in Bihar 57 school children died
after eating lunch contaminated with "very toxic"
levels of an agricultural pesticide - Monocrotophos.
Pesticide poisoning deaths in India

9. PYRETHROID DELTAMETHRIN INDUCED
NEUROTOXICITY AND NEURO PROTECTIVE
EFFECT OF FLAVONOID NARINGIN ON MALE
WISTAR RATS

10. According to FAO classified lists of pesticides1600
 Carbamate insecticides
 Organochlorine insecticides
 Organophosphate insecticides
 Pyrethrin
 Pyrethroid insecticides
Synthetic pyrethroids are used in agriculture because
they are designed to be more stable in the natural
environment. Some synthetic pyrethroids are toxic to the
nervous system

11. Pyrethroids pesticides
• Pyrethroids are a class of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides
• Pyrethroids, in general, interfere with neuronal transmission in
the nervous system.
• Pyrethroids cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their effect
on dopaminergic system, contributing to the burden of
oxidative stress and also cause chronic health conditions or
symptoms similar to Parkinson’s, Lou Alzheimer’s Disease,
developmental deficits/birth defects/learning disabilities
(Shafer et al., 2005).

12. Pyrethroid pesticide poisoning
 Cancer
 Neurodegenerative disorders
 Mammalian reproductive toxicity
 Allergy and immunosuppression
 Cardiovascular diseases
 Endocrine related diseases
 Hepatotoxicity
 Nephrotoxicity
 Mutation
 Birth defects

13. • Deltamethrin one of the most potent type II pyrethroid
insecticides with α- cyano group,
• As deltamethrin cross blood brain barriers is dispersed
in different parts of the brain - cortex, hippocampus
upon chronic exposure.
• neurotoxic effects of deltamethrin have been attributed
to its binding to sodium channels in the brain,
acetylcholine esterase inhibition, interaction with the
GABA receptor–ionophore complex.
Deltamethrin

14. S. No Deltamethrin Half-life References
1 Soil 5.7 - 209 days USEPA, 1999
2 Sandy /silt loam soil 11 - 72 days WHO, 1990
3 Plant surfaces 5.9 - 17 days Hill and Johnson, 1987
4 Anaerobic Half-life 31 - 36 days Tomlin, 2006
5 Hydrolysis Half-life 33 days USEPA, 1999
6 Aquatic half-life 8 – 48 Hrs Erstfeld, 1999
7 Direct aqueous photolysis 30 days USEPA, 1999
8 pH 9 2.5 days USEPA, 1999
9 Pond sediment 306 days Muir et al., 1985
10 Pond surface 14 hrs Muir et al., 1985
11 Vegetative surfaces 5.9 -1 7 days Hill and Johnson, 1987
12 Brain 2 - 4 days Soderlund et al., 2002
13 Fat 5 days Marei et al., 1982
Bioaccumulation and Half-life

15. Naringin
The flavonoid glycoside naringin, is the major flavonoid present in
citrus and grapefruits and constitutes up to 10% of the dry weight. Naringin (4,5,7-
trihydroxy-flavonone-7-rhamnoglucoside), it exhibits diverse biological and
pharmacological properties including anti inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, lipid-
lowering and antioxidant activities. (Choi et al., 2010). Yet no mutagenic activity.
Naringin
Naringin had recently received considerable attention as a neuroprotective agent (Kim et
al., 2009). Although naringin has been previously reported as protective effect against 3-
NP toxicity induced neuronal apoptosis (Kumar and Kumar, 2010).

16. Experimental evidence
Chemicals
Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide (C22H19Br2NO3). CAS
chemical name (α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2
dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate). Deltamethrin commercial formulation
[Decis, deltamethrin 97.3 % EC denotes 97.3 % of technical grade deltamethrin
(w/w) in emulsifiable concentrate] was procured from Bayer crop science
limited, Mumbai, India. Naringin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St.
Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of
analytical grade.

17. Animals
Wistar male albino rats weighing between 200-240 g were housed in animal
cages with food and water ad libitum. Six animals were housed per cage,
and maintained on 12/12 hr day and night cycle. The animals were fed with
commercial pellet diet (Hindustan lever Ltd., Bangalore, India). The
experiments were conducted according to ethical norms approved by the
Ministry of Social Justices and Empowerment, Government of India and
Institutional Animal Ethics Committee Guidelines. During the experimental
period care was taken to minimize the suffering of animals

18. Segregation of Experimental Animals
The animals were divided into four groups of 6 animals each.
Group I - Control rats (Rats received no treatment and served as a control group)
Group II - Rats induced with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kgBW
orally (1/10 LD 50) for three week (21 days).
Group III - Rats administered with Deltamethrin dissolved in corn oil 12.8 mg/kg
BW orally and simultaneously administered Naringin 100 mg/kg BW dissolved in
water orally for 21 days.
Group IV- Drug alone rats (Naringin alone dissolved in water)

19. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine &
Preventive Nutrition, 2014 /10 (1-7)
Results

20. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

21. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

22. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

23. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

24. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine &
Preventive Nutrition, 2013 / 1- 6

25. 1 2 3 4
V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging
Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

26. V. Magendira Mani et al. / Biomedicine & Aging Pathology 4 (2014) 1–8

27. Please don’t use
mosquito coil,
repellent, pesticides at
home, school,
agriculture etc.
=
Indian Council for Medical
Research and the Indian Medical
Association.
100 cigarette smoke

28. Give pesticide free world for future
children
Children are one third
of our population and
all of our future.