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THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM www.freelivedoctor.com
ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BRAIN SPINAL CORD CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) PERIPHERAL NERVOUS  SYSTEM AFFERENT NERVES EFFERENT NERVES EXTERO- RECEPTORS INTERO- RECEPTORS SOMATIC AUTONOMIC EFFECTOR ORGANS SKELETAL MUSCLES SMOOTH AND  CARDIAC MUSCLES  AND GLANDS www.freelivedoctor.com
NEOCORTEX THALAMUS LIMBIC CORTEX BRAIN STEM SPINAL CORD NOSE EYE TONGUE EAR SKIN SMELL VISION TASTE AUDITION SOMATIC SENSORY INFORMATION TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN VIA SPECIALIZED  PATHWAYS www.freelivedoctor.com
SENSORY MODALITIES AND RECEPTOR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com
GRADED VS ALL OR NONE  ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
SENSORY MODALITIES AND RECEPTOR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com
SENSORY TRANSDUCTION ADEQUATE  STIMULUS MEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE CHANGE GENERATOR POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL www.freelivedoctor.com
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LOCALIZATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ACUITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
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SLOW PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
MECHANICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
BRAIN STRUCTURES AND PAIN ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
PAIN CONTROL (ANALGESIA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE ANALGESIA SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
PAIN INHIBITORY COMPLEX: PRESYNAPTIC INHIBITION PAIN RECEPTOR BRAIN STEM.NEURON INHIBITORY NEURON ANTEROLATERAL PATHWAY DORSAL HORN OF SPINAL CORD + - www.freelivedoctor.com
PAIN TRANSMISSION AND INHIBITION ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE BRAIN’S OPIATE SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
INHIBITION OF PAIN BY TACTILE STIMULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
TREATMENT OF PAIN BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
REFERED PAIN ,[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE VISUAL SYSTEM D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM www.freelivedoctor.com
THE VISUAL SYSTEM SENSES ELEECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
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ANATOMICAL ORGANIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
TEAR DUCT AND DRAINAGE CANAL PUPIL IRIS SCLERA www.freelivedoctor.com
STRUCTURE OF THE EYE www.freelivedoctor.com OPTIC DISC OPTIC NERVE BLOOD VESSELS FOVEA SCLERA RETINA CHOROID VITREOUS HUMOR AQUEOUS HUMOR CORNEA LENS PUPIL IRIS CONJUNCTIVA CILIARY BODY SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT EXTERNAL EYE MUSCLE
THE PHOTORECEPTORS ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
BEFORE A PHOTON ARRIVES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AFTER A PHOTON ARRIVES MEMBRANE POLARIZED NORMALLY www.freelivedoctor.com
PATHWAYS FOR VISUAL INFORMATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
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VISUAL ORIENTATION COLUMNS ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
COLOR VISION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THREE KINDS OF CONES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
COLOR NEURONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
LENS DEFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
NEARSIGHTEDNESS (MYOPIA) UNCORRECTED CORRECTED www.freelivedoctor.com
FARSIGHTEDNESS (HYPEROPIA) UNCORRECTED CORRECTED www.freelivedoctor.com
VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE AUDITORY SYSTEM AND THE CHEMICAL SENSES D. C. MIKULECKY PROFESSOR OF PHYSIOLOGY AND FACULTY MENTORING PROGRAM www.freelivedoctor.com
THE NATURE OF SOUND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRESSURE WAVE A T = WAVELENGTH A = AMPLITUDE f = 1/T FREQUENCY  www.freelivedoctor.com
ANATOMY OF THE EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
OUTER EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
OUTER EAR PINNA CANAL www.freelivedoctor.com
MIDDLE EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
MIDDLE EAR TYMPANIC MEMBRANE OVAL WINDOW BONES OF MIDDLE  EAR COCHLEAR FLUID SOUND WAVE IN EAR CANAL www.freelivedoctor.com
INNER EAR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
INNER EAR OVAL WINDOW COCHLEA www.freelivedoctor.com
STRUCTURE OF THE COCHLEA SCALA  VESTIBULI COCHLEAR DUCT SCALA TYPANI OVAL WINDOW ROUND  WINDOW www.freelivedoctor.com
STRUCTURE OF COCHLEAR DUCT BASILAR MEMBRANE TECTORIAL MEMBRANE ORGAN OF CORTI www.freelivedoctor.com
TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY STEROCILIA AUDITORY NERVE HAIR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com
TRANSDUCTION MECHANISM TECTORIAL MEMBRANE STATIONARY BASILAR MEMBRANE…..VIBRATES STEROCILIA BEND AUDITORY NERVE HAIR CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com
FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION: LOCALIZATION OF DISPLACEMENT OF BASILAR MEMBRANE BASE APEX HIGH LOW MID www.freelivedoctor.com
AUDITORY PATHWAYS COCHLEA VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS MIDLINE VENTRAL COCHLEAR NUCLEUS SUPERIOR OLIVE INFERIOR COLLICULUS www.freelivedoctor.com
AUDITORY PATHWAYS (CONT.) MIDLINE SUPERIOR OLIVE INFERIOR  COLLICULUS INFERIOR  COLLICULUS MEDIAL  GENICULATE MEDIAL  GENICULATE TEMPORAL CORTEX TEMPORAL CORTEX www.freelivedoctor.com
CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRESSURE WAVE A T = WAVELENGTH A = AMPLITUDE f = 1/T FREQUENCY  www.freelivedoctor.com
PROPERTIES OF AUDITORY NERVE CELLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
SOUND LOCALIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
DISORDERS OF AUDITION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS: UTRICLE & SACCULUS ONE CANAL  IN EACH COORDINATE PLANE AMPULLA UTRICLE & SACCULUS www.freelivedoctor.com
THE UTRICLE & SACCULUS HAIR  CELLS NERVE CELLS OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE- GELATINOUS LAYER OTOCONIA (CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTALS) www.freelivedoctor.com
THE UTRICLE & SACCULUS HAIR  CELLS NERVE CELLS OTOLITHIC MEMBRANE- GELATINOUS LAYER OTOCONIA (CALCIUM CARBONATE CRYSTALS) HEAD MOVEMENT www.freelivedoctor.com
THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS: SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ONE CANAL  IN EACH COORDINATE PLANE AMPULLA UTRICLE & SACCULUS www.freelivedoctor.com
THE AMPULLA HAIR  CELLS NERVE CELLS www.freelivedoctor.com
THE AMPULLA HAIR  CELLS BENT NERVE CELLS FIRE INERTIAL FLUID  MOVEMENT MOVEMENT OF HEAD www.freelivedoctor.com
TASTE SENSATION ,[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
GUSTATORY RECEPTORS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
GUSTATORY PATHWAYS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE OLIFACTORY SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
TWO NEURON CHAINS SPINE EFFECTOR ORGAN PRESYNAPTIC NEURON POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON www.freelivedoctor.com
SYMPATHETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
PARASYMPATHETIC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.freelivedoctor.com
EFFECTS OF ANS www.freelivedoctor.com

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Organisation Of Peripheral Nervous System