1. GERUND
Course : Diploma Engg. Sem : IV
Subject : Advance Grammar
Unit : 1.1

4.  Gerund means participle.
 Two Types of Gerund :
 (A) Present Participle : By applying “ing” to
verb.
 Any action word (verb) which adds value to
the subject or noun, adding “ing” to that verb
makes Present Participle. It is also known as
“Participle of Phrase”.
 (B) Past Participle: By applying “ed” to Regular
Verb.
 “ed” should not be applied to Irregular Verbs
because it has different Past Participle.

5.  As a Noun : When Present Participle is used
as Noun it generally comes as Subject
followed by main verb or helping verb and then
follows the Object which may be a Noun.
 Ex. Swimming is the best exercise.
 Here, “Swimming” is subject & Present
Participle followed by “is” helping verb and
“exercise” is an object which is also a Present
Participle.

7.  As an Adjective : When a Present Participle is
used as an Adjective, it generally comes either
before or after the Noun. It adds the meaning
to the Noun.
 Present Participle comes after Preposition.
 Ex. A barking dog is behind me.
 Here “Barking” is Present Participle which is
before “dog” (Noun). “Barking” word adds
meaning to the subject “dog”.

9.  As an Adjective : Past Participles are generally
used as adjectives which adds value to the
meaning of noun & comes either before or
after the noun.
 Past Participle comes either before or after the
Noun.
 Ex. I have a broken bicycle.
 “Broken” word adds value to the bicycle.

10.  She had removed her hat due to scorching
heat.
 Here, removed is past participle.

12.  A ready reckoner in English Grammar &
Composition (Std.X) by Dineshbhai J. Shah, Dr.
Janakbhai B. Shah and Bharatiben R. Shah
 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=pictures+
of+gerund+and+infinitives&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-
8&gws_rd=cr&ei=NxalVKLJCYqTuAS7joDQC
Q